Publications (11)20.14 Total impact
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Article: Effects of linear vs. daily undulatory periodized resistance training on maximal and submaximal strength gains.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to verify the effect of 2 periodized resistance training (RT) methods on the evolution of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and 8RM loads. Twenty resistance trained men were randomly assigned to 2 training groups: linear periodization (LP) group and daily undulating periodization (DUP) group. The subjects were tested at baseline and after 12 weeks for 1RM and 8RM loads in leg press (LEG) and bench press (BP) exercises. The training program was performed in alternated sessions for upper (session A: chest, shoulder and triceps) and lower body (session B: leg, back and biceps). The 12-week periodized training was applied only in the tested exercises, and in the other exercises, 3 sets of 6-8RM were performed. Both groups exhibited significant increases in 1RM loads on LEG and BP, but no statistically significant difference between groups was observed. The same occurred in 8RM loads on LEG and BP. However, DUP group presented superior effect size (ES) in 1RM and 8RM loads for LEG and BP exercises when compared to the LP group. In conclusion, periodized RT can be an efficient method for increasing the strength and muscular endurance in trained individuals. Although there was no statistically significant difference between periodization models, DUP promoted superior ES gains in muscular maximal and submaximal strength.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 04/2011; 25(7):1824-30. · 1.83 Impact Factor -
Article: The influence of strength, flexibility, and simultaneous training on flexibility and strength gains.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine the strength and flexibility gains after isolated or simultaneous strength and flexibility training after 16 weeks. Eighty sedentary women were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: strength training (ST; n = 20), flexibility training (FLEX) (n = 20), combination of both (ST + FLEX; n = 20) and control group (CG; n = 20). All the groups performed pre and posttraining sit and reach test to verify the flexibility level and 10RM test for leg press and bench press exercises. The training protocol for all groups, except for the CG, included 3 weekly sessions, in alternated days, totaling 48 sessions. Strength training was composed of 8 exercises for upper and lower body, executed in 3 sets of periodized training. The flexibility training was composed of static stretching exercises that involved upper and lower body. Results showed that ST (30 ± 2.0 to 36 ± 3.0 cm), ST + FLEX (31 ± 1.0 to 42 ± 4.0 cm), and FLEX (32 ± 3.0 to 43 ± 2.0 cm) significantly increased in flexibility in relation to baseline and to CG (30 ± 2.0 to 30 ± 2.0 cm); however, no significant differences were observed between the treatment conditions. Strength tests demonstrated that ST and ST + FLEX significantly increased 10RM when compared to baseline, FLEX, and the CG. In conclusion, short-term strength training increases flexibility and strength in sedentary adult women. Strength training may contribute to the development and maintenance of flexibility even without the inclusion of additional stretching, but strength and flexibility can be prescribed together to get optimal improvements in flexibility.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 03/2011; 25(5):1333-8. · 1.83 Impact Factor -
Article: Isolated and combined effects of aerobic and strength exercise on post-exercise blood pressure and cardiac vagal reactivation in normotensive men.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac vagal reactivation (VR) after an aerobic training session (ATS), a strength training session (STS), and a combined aerobic and strength training session (ASTS) in normotensive men. Eleven healthy men (age 26.8 ± 2.9 years, body mass index 24.3 ± 1.6 kg·m) with at least 6 months of strength and aerobic training experience performed an STS, an ATS, and an ASTS in a counterbalanced crossover design. Blood pressure and HR were measured at rest and at 15-minute intervals post-training for 1 hour. Vagal reactivation was measured during the first minute immediately post-exercise. After STS and ASTS, systolic BP (SBP) and mean arterial BP (MAP) remained significantly lower than at rest at all time intervals (p < 0.05). After ATS, SBP was significantly lower than at rest at 30 minutes and beyond (p < 0.01); however, no significant differences were observed for MAP. Post-training HR remained high after STS and ASTS at all intervals (p < 0.01). However, after ATS, the HR remained high only at the 15-minute post-exercise interval (p < 0.01). Vagal reactivation was significantly less pronounced after the first 30 seconds post-exercise (p < 0.01) in ASTS (531.3 ± 329.6 seconds) than in ATS (220.7 ± 88.5 seconds) and in STS (317.6 ± 158.5 seconds). The delta of the HR decrease at 60 seconds post-exercise was greater (p < 0.00) in ATS (33.4 ± 12.7 b·min) than in STS (14.1 ± 7.2 b·min) and in ASTS (11.4 ± 7.1 b·min). In conclusion, post-exercise BP reduction was independent of the type of exercise; however, HR remained significantly greater after combination of strength and aerobic exercise, implying a reduction in cardiac VR after this type of training. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals may prescribe aerobic, strength, or a combination of aerobic and strength exercise to assist individuals concerned with BP control, thus allowing for variety in training while similarly impacting post-exercise SBP regardless of desired exercise modality.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 03/2011; 25(3):640-5. · 1.83 Impact Factor -
Article: Acute cardiovascular response in anabolic androgenic steroid users performing maximal treadmill exercise testing.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use, specifically the hemodynamic response, during maximal treadmill exercise testing by comparing the exercise response between users of AAS (U-AAS) and non-AAS users (N-AAS). Twenty-four men (n=12; 29+/-3.4 years and n=12; 29.5+/-8.2 years for the U-AAS and N-AAS groups, respectively) with regular participation in both resistance (mean=6 d.wk) and aerobic exercise (mean=2 d.wk) volunteered for the study. Both groups of subjects completed a ramp-protocol maximal treadmill exercise test to volitional fatigue. Several hemodynamic and metabolic measures were obtained before, during, and after testing. The results demonstrate for the first time that chronic administration of high doses of AAS (355.4+/-59.47 mg.wk) lead to hemodynamic and metabolic response impairment. In conclusion, the chronotropic significant incompetence in the current study was reflected by an exaggerated hemodynamic response to exercise. Furthermore, the findings suggest that nonusers of AAS showed increases in VO2max when compared to the AAS group. Therefore, this study provides a contraindication to AAS use, especially in those at increased risk of cardiovascular events.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 06/2010; 24(6):1688-95. · 1.83 Impact Factor -
Article: Neuromuscular activity during whole-body vibration of different amplitudes and footwear conditions: implications for prescription of vibratory stimulation.
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ABSTRACT: This study investigated the magnitude of whole-body vibration (WBV) at 30 Hz induced in surface electromyography root-mean-square (EMGrms) signals of different amplitudes and footwear conditions of unloaded isometric half squat (100). For this purpose, 10 healthy and active males (age 28.7 +/- 4.6 yr; height 180 +/- 5.9 cm; and weight 90 +/- 13.4 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were exposed to the WBV treatment using a vibration platform (FreeMotion Fitness iTonic). The subjects were exposed randomly to 4 different treatments of WBV: with shoes 2 mm amplitude, without shoes 2 mm, with shoes 4 mm, and without shoes 4 mm. The EMGrms signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis and the gastrocnemius medialis muscle during the different conditions. The WBV treatments resulted in a significantly higher (p <or= 0.05) EMGrms compared with unloaded isometric half squat (without WBV). The WBV treatment that induced the highest EMGrms signals of the vastus lateralis was during the amplitude of 4 mm without shoes (+62.7%; p < 0.01), whereas 4 mm with shoes induced the highest EMGrms signals of the gastrocnemius medialis (+142.7%; p < 0.01). These data suggest that wearing shoes does alter the neuromuscular response to WBV stimuli, and exercise professionals should consider such differences when using WBV to target neuromuscular activation of such muscle groups. In this study, the magnitude of the WBV effect was clearly higher with the amplitude 4 mm versus 2 mm for the vastus lateralis muscle and gastrocnemius medialis muscle. The vastus lateralis showed the greatest activity without shoes and at amplitude of 4 mm. The maximal activation for the gastrocnemius medialis was measured with shoes at 4 mm.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 10/2009; 23(8):2311-6. · 1.83 Impact Factor -
Article: Alterations in speed of squat movement and the use of accommodated resistance among college athletes training for power.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of heavy/slow movements and variable resistance training on peak power and strength development. Forty-eight National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes (age: 21.4 +/- 2.1 years, all men) were recruited for this 12-week training intervention study. Maximum strength and jumping power were assessed before and after the training program. Athletes were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 training groups: heavy resistance/slow movement (Slow), lighter resistance and fast movement (Fast), or fast movements with accommodated resistance (FACC). All training groups performed similar training programs comprising free weight resistance training with lower-body compound exercises. The only difference among the training interventions was the speed at which subjects performed the squat exercise and the use of bands (Slow group: 0.2-0.4 meters/second; Fast group: 0.6-0.8 meters/second; FACC group trained 0.6-0.8 meters/second with the addition of accommodated resistance in the form of large elastic bands). Post-test data revealed a significant difference between power improvements between the Slow and FACC groups (p = 0.02). Percent increases and effect sizes (ES) demonstrated a much greater treatment effect in the FACC group (17.8%, ES = 1.06) with the Fast group (11.0%, ES = 0.80) adapting more than the Slow group (4.8%, ES = 0.28). The FACC and Slow groups improved strength comparatively (FACC: 9.44%, ES = 1.10; Slow: 9.59%, ES = 1.08). The Fast group improved strength considerably less, 3.20% with an effect size of only 0.38. Variable resistance training with elastic bands appears to provide greater performance benefits with regard to peak force and peak power than heavy, slow resistance exercise. Sports conditioning professionals can utilize bands, and high-speed contractions, to increase power development.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 10/2009; 23(9):2645-50. · 1.83 Impact Factor -
Article: Prediction VO2max during cycle ergometry based on submaximal ventilatory indicators.
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ABSTRACT: There are several equations to predict maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) from ergometric test variables on different ergometers. However, a similar equation using ventilatory thresholds of ergospirometry in a submaximal test on a cycle ergometer is unavailable. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of VO2max prediction models based on indicators of submaximal effort. Accordingly, 4,640 healthy, nonathlete women ages 20 years and older volunteered to be tested on a cycle ergometer using a maximum incremental protocol. The subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups: group A (estimation) and group B (validation). From the independent variables of weight in kilograms, the second workload threshold (WT2), and heart rate of the second threshold (HRT2), it was possible to build a multiple linear regression model to predict maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max = 40.302 - 0.497 [Weight] - 0.001 [HRT2] + 0.239 [WT2] in mL O2/kg/min(-1); r = 0.995 and standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 0.68 mL O2/kg/min(-1)). The cross-validation method was used in group B with group A serving as the basis for building the model and the validation dataset. The results showed that, in healthy nonathlete women, it is possible to predict VO2max with a minimum of error (SEE = 1.00%) from submaximal indicators obtained in an incremental test.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 09/2009; 23(6):1745-51. · 1.83 Impact Factor -
Article: Effect of iTonic whole-body vibration on delayed-onset muscle soreness among untrained individuals.
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ABSTRACT: Attempts to reduce or eliminate delayed-onset of muscle soreness are important as this condition is painful and debilitating. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) massage and stretching exercises at reducing perceived pain among untrained men. Sixteen adult men (age, 36.6 +/- 2.1 yr) volunteered to perform a strenuous exercise session consisting of resistance training and repeated sprints. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 recovery groups: a group performing WBV stretching sessions or a stretching group performing static stretching without vibration. Both groups performed similar stretches, twice per day for 3 days after the workout. The vibration group performed their stretches on the iTonic platform (frequency, 35 Hz; amplitude, 2 mm). Perceived pain was measured at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours postworkout. Statistical analyses identified a significantly lower level of reported perceived pain at all postworkout measurement times among the WBV group (p < 0.05). No difference existed at the preworkout measurement time. The degree of attenuation of pain ranged from 22-61%. These data suggest that incorporating WBV as a recovery/regeneration tool may be effective for reducing the pain of muscle soreness and tightness after strenuous training.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 09/2009; 23(6):1677-82. · 1.83 Impact Factor -
Article: The acute influence of two intensities of aerobic exercise on strength training performance in elderly women.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to compare the acute influence of 2 intensities of aerobic exercise on a strength training session in physically active elderly women. Twenty-five women (74.3 +/- 2.8 years) with previous experience in both resistance and aerobic exercise volunteered to perform aerobic activity (60 and 80% maximum heart rate) followed by a training session on leg press, leg extension, and leg curl exercises. After aerobic intensity training, the number of repetitions in each set was analyzed to determine whether the aerobic exercise affected the amount of volume completed in a resistance workout. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of repetitions per exercise after aerobic training intensities of 80 and 60%. Ratings of perceived exertion demonstrated that fatigue after the 80% workout was greater than after the 60% workout. It was concluded that, at the training intensities tested, 20 minutes of aerobic training may be enough to produce a negative impact on a strength training performance session of physically active elderly women.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 07/2009; 23(4):1252-7. · 1.83 Impact Factor -
Article: Metabolic conditioning among soccer players.
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ABSTRACT: To reduce the risk of overuse injuries, yet obtain optimal fitness development among soccer players, research comparing different training strategies is required. This study compared conventional group conditioning (GRP) to individualized training (IT) during the preseason among female college soccer players. Both groups participated in soccer practices; however, players were randomly assigned to supplemental conditioning differentiated by the use of player-specific heart rate training in the IT group. Changes in maximal oxygen consumption, anaerobic threshold, and rate of recovery were analyzed before and after 12 weeks of conditioning. Data analysis identified significantly (p < 0.05) greater improvements in the IT group in all 3 variables, despite considerably less training volume. Based on these data, it is apparent that catering training to the fitness level of each individual player can have a positive impact on training adaptations.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 05/2009; 23(3):800-6. · 1.83 Impact Factor -
Article: The effect of acute applications of whole-body vibration on the iTonic platform on subsequent lower-body power output during the back squat.
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ABSTRACT: Whole-body vibration (WBV) training has been suggested to enhance strength and power development; however, research examining such claims has been scarce and lacks consistent findings. This study examined a unique application of WBV as a preexercise for the back squat in an attempt to increase rate of force production during the squat. Sixteen men, college athletes, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both groups performed two sets of back squats (three repetitions at 75% of one-repetition maximum completed as quickly as possible) with different activities between sets. One group (REST) sat passively in a chair for 3 minutes, and the other group (WBV) rested passively for 2 minutes before performing 30 seconds of dynamic squats on the iTonic vibration platform (frequency: 35 Hz; amplitude: 4 mm). Power (W) was measured and calculated for each set of squats through the use of the TENDO FiTROdyne Powerlizer (Fitro-Dyne; Fitronic, Bratislava, Slovakia). Peak power during the concentric portion of each repetition was recorded, and an average was calculated for each set. Statistical analysis identified a significantly (p < 0.05) greater improvement in power in the WBV (5.20%) as compared with the REST (0.55%) group. These data suggest an immediate increase in the rate of force production after the use of WBV. Although further research is warranted to examine the appropriate dose for such an application of WBV and the physiological rationale for such an improvement, strength and conditioning professionals should consider the implementation of WBV as a preexercise before resistance training exercises for power development.The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 01/2009; 23(1):58-61. · 1.83 Impact Factor
Top co-authors
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Institutions
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2009
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Colorado Mesa University
Grand Junction, CO, USA -
A.T. Still University of Health Sciences
Kirksville, MO, USA
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