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ABSTRACT: This paper describes a testicular tubules evaluation using 1.0MHz ultrasonic array probe. In this system, we evaluate a diameter of testicular tubules. We employ an ultrasonic array probe with the center frequency of 1.0MHz. We employ evaluation index that cumulative relative frequency of amplitude values. In the experiment, we employ 24 nylon lines as the testicular tubules. Amplitude of large nylon line echo is larger than that of small nylon echo. For the evaluation, we calculate cumulative relative frequency amplitude of acquisition data. Fuzzy if-then rules are made by the cumulative relative frequency of large and small lines. We evaluate a rate of large lines among all lines by using the fuzzy MIN-MAX center-of gravity method. In this experiment, the proposed method successfully evaluated the rate of the large lines. We changed the rate of large lines in 24 nylon lines, and tested our method 20 times for each rate. We evaluated the rate with 5.77% in mean absolute error.
Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ), 2011 IEEE International Conference on; 07/2011
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ABSTRACT: Afferent nerve fibers of the somatosensory system are a molecularly diverse cell population that detects a varied range of environmental stimuli, converting these external cues ultimately into a sensory percept. Afferents mediating detection of thermal stimuli express a repertoire of temperature sensitive ion channels of the TRP family which endow these nerves with the ability to respond to the breadth of temperatures in the environment. The cold and menthol receptor TRPM8 is responsible for detection of cold and, unlike other thermosensors, detects both innocuous and noxious temperatures. How this single molecule can perform such diverse functions is currently unknown, but expression analyses in adult tissues shows that TRPM8 neurons are a molecularly diverse population and it is likely that this diversity underlies differential functionality. To determine how this phenotype is established, we examined the developmental time course of TRPM8 expression using a mouse transgenic line in which GFP expression is driven by the TRPM8 transcriptional promoter (Trpm8(GFP)). We find that Trpm8(GFP) expression begins prior to embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5) after which expression reaches levels observed in adult neurons. By E18.5, central axons of Trpm8(GFP) neurons reach the spinal cord dorsal horn, but anatomical localization and in vivo measurements of neural activity suggest that fully functional cold circuits are not established until after the first postnatal week. Additionally, Trpm8(GFP) neurons undergo a transition in neurochemical phenotype, ultimately reaching adult expression of markers such TRPV1, CGRP, peripherin, and NF200 by postnatal day 14. Thus, based on immunochemical, anatomical and functional criteria, active cold neural circuits are fully established by the second week postnatal, thereby suggesting that important extrinsic or intrinsic mechanisms are active prior to this developmental stage.
Neuroscience 08/2010; 169(2):828-42. · 3.38 Impact Factor
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N. Yamamoto, Y. Takashima,
M. Katoh,
M. Hosaka,
K. Takami,
H. Morimoto,
Y. Hori,
S. Sasaki,
S. Koda,
T. Ito,
I. Sakurai,
H. Hara,
W. Okamoto,
N. Watanabe,
Y. Takeda
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ABSTRACT: A synchrotron radiation facility that is used not only for basic research, but also for engineering and industrial research and development has been proposed to be constructed in the Central area of Japan. The key equipment of this facility is a compact electron storage ring that is able to supply hard X‐rays. The circumference of the storage ring is 72 m with the energy of 1.2 GeV, the beam current of 300 mA, and the natural emittance of about 53 nm‐rad. The configuration of the storage ring is based on four triple bend cells, and four of the twelve bending magnets are 5 T superconducting ones. The bending angle and critical energy are 12 degree and 4.8 keV, respectively. For the top‐up operation, the electron beam will be injected from a booster synchrotron with the full energy. Currently, six beamlines are planned for the first phase starting from 2012.
AIP Conference Proceedings. 06/2010; 1234(1):591-594.
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ABSTRACT: It is well recognized that proprioceptive afferent inputs can control the timing and pattern of locomotion. C and Adelta afferents can also affect locomotion but an unresolved issue is the identity of the subsets of these afferents that encode defined modalities. Over the last decade, the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have emerged as a family of non-selective cation conductances that can label specific subsets of afferents. We focus on a class of TRPs known as ThermoTRPs which are well known to be sensor receptors that transduce changes in heat and cold. ThermoTRPs are known to help encode somatosensation and painful stimuli, and receptors have been found on C and Adelta afferents with central projections onto dorsal horn laminae. Here we show, using in vitro neonatal mouse spinal cord preparations, that activation of both spinal and peripheral transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) afferent terminals modulates central pattern generators (CPGs). Capsaicin or menthol and cooling modulated both sacrocaudal afferent (SCA) evoked and monoaminergic drug-induced rhythmic locomotor-like activity in spinal cords from wild type but not TRPV1-null (trpv1(-/-)) or TRPM8-null (trpm8(-/-)) mice, respectively. Capsaicin induced an initial increase in excitability of the lumbar motor networks, while menthol or cooling caused a decrease in excitability. Capsaicin and menthol actions on CPGs involved excitatory and inhibitory glutamatergic mechanisms, respectively. These results for the first time show that dedicated pathways of somatosensation and pain identified by TRPV1 or TRPM8 can target spinal locomotor CPGs.
Neuroscience 06/2009; 162(4):1377-97. · 3.38 Impact Factor
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R. Zeng,
N. Chalagalla,
D. Chu,
D. Elmhurst,
M. Goldman,
C. Haid,
A. Huq,
T. Ichikawa,
J. Jorgensen,
O. Jungroth, [......],
W. Sheung,
M. Szwarc, Y. Takashima,
S. Tamada,
T. Tanzawa,
T. Tanaka,
M. Taub,
D. Udeshi,
S. Yamada,
H. Yokoyama
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ABSTRACT: As applications for NAND continue to grow and cost remains a primary market driver, it is necessary to deliver increased storage capacities at smaller process lithography while meeting high performance requirements. Design plays a pivotal role by providing architectures and design solutions that minimize the impact of bitline and wordline resistance and capacitance (RC) requirements and cell-reliability constraints. This paper presents a device that employs chip architecture, datapath, and analog architecture solutions that address these challenges while meeting high performance requirements. This 32 Gb MLC NAND delivers 50 mus t<sub>READ</sub>, 900 mus t<sub>PR0G</sub> and 9 MB/s write throughput in a 34 nm technology.
Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers, 2009. ISSCC 2009. IEEE International; 03/2009
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ABSTRACT: Due to the limited device capacity of an FPGA, multi-FPGA systems are used to verify huge state-of-the-art circuits. In the case, the number of I/O signals of each sub-circuit implemented in an FPGA tends to exceed the number of I/O-pins of the FPGA. To resolve the problem, time-multiplexed I/Os are used. Each of time-multiplexed I/Os is shared by multiple I/O signals of a sub-circuit by time-division. Since time-multiplexed I/Os introduce large delay, we propose algorithms which obtain the optimal number of required I/O-pins under the given timing constraint by choosing signals to be time-multiplexed.
Circuits and Systems, 2008. ISCAS 2008. IEEE International Symposium on; 06/2008
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ABSTRACT: For the placement of VLSI, the migration problem becomes important. In this paper, we propose a novel migration method. In this method, the resultant placement keeps the structure of the original placement, called model placement, as same as possible. For the purpose, we minimize the sum of the area difference between the model placement and the relocated one and the total amount of displacement between them. Moreover, to archive a short run-time, we employ the limitation of solution space and the change of packing origin in the optimization process. We construct the system on sequence-pair. Experimental results show that our approach preserves the chip area and the overall circuit structure with 98% less run-time than that by a naive simulated annealing.
Circuits and Systems, 2007. MWSCAS 2007. 50th Midwest Symposium on; 09/2007
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ABSTRACT: UVSOR-II, a 750 MeV synchrotron light source of 53 m circumference, is now routinely operated with low emittance of 27 nm-rad and with four undulators, two in- vacuum ones and two variably polarized ones. The injector and the beam transport line have been upgraded to be compatible with full energy injection, preparing for the top up operation in near future. Research works on the beam dynamics are in progress, such as ion-trapping or Touschek scattering. A resonator type free electron laser is successfully operational in very wide range, from visible to deep UV, with high average power exceeding 1 W. A femto-second laser system was introduced and the laser transport line was constructed by utilizing a part of the FEL system. Intense coherent terahertz radiation was successfully produced by the laser-electron interaction. Coherent harmonic generation was also demonstrated by using the same laser system.
Particle Accelerator Conference, 2007. PAC. IEEE; 07/2007
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M. Hosaka, Y. Takashima,
M. Shimada,
A. Mochihashi,
S. Kimura,
M. Katoh,
T. Hara,
T. Takahashi,
C. Evain,
C. Szwaj,
S. Bielawski
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ABSTRACT: Summary form only given. In this paper, a coherent narrowband tunable terahertz emission from an electron bunch is reported, transposing a technique well-known in nonlinear optics: interaction with laser pulses containing an internal modulation. The modulated pulses are produced from a titanium-sapphire laser using chirped pulse beating, and are focused on the electron beam, inside an undulator. The interaction leads to a modification of the energy distribution, which transforms into a charge density modulation when the electron bunch is deviated by the next bending magnet, and terahertz emission occurs.
Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007 and the International Quantum Electronics Conference. CLEOE-IQEC 2007. European Conference on; 07/2007
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M. Katoh,
M. Hosaka,
A. Mochihashi,
J. Yamazaki,
K. Hayashi,
Y. Hori,
T. Honda,
K. Haga, Y. Takashima,
T. Koseki,
S. Koda,
H. Kitamura,
T. Hara,
T. Tanaka
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ABSTRACT: UVSOR, a 2nd generation synchrotron light source of 750 MeV, was converted to UVSOR‐II, which has eight straight sections and small emittance of 27 nm‐rad. The magnetic lattice was modified without changing the circumference of 53.2 m. All the magnets and their beam ducts except for the bending magnets were replaced. An undulator and a super‐conducting wiggler were replaced with two new in‐vacuum undulators. Some parts of the injector were replaced and upgraded. Some beam‐lines were reconstructed. All the reconstruction works were completed within three months, from April to June 2003. In July, UVSOR‐II was successfully commissioned. Some preliminary measurements on the beam parameters suggested that the design goal of the emittance, 27 nm‐rad, was likely achieved. Vacuum conditioning with beams are in progress. Users experiments will start in September. © 2004 American Institute of Physics
AIP Conference Proceedings. 05/2004; 705(1):49-52.
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ABSTRACT: Holographic data storage records information in the form of
volumetric gratings within the volume of the recording medium. In
digital holographic storage information is typically encoded in the form
of data pages, which includes modulation coding, data shuffling, and
error correction. Selective properties of volumetric gratings allow for
a multitude of holograms to be recorded in virtually the same volume
through angular, wavelength, or shift and correlation multiplexing
techniques. Potentially high data density and transfer rates (which are
due to highly parallel access to the stored data) have been a topic of
intense research and development. Short data seek time (<100 μsec)
and high transfer rates (~1 Gbit/sec) can be realized in systems with no
moving parts which employ bulk photorefractive crystals as storage
media. The holographic disk approach allows for an easy access to a
large area of the storage media, and, therefore, is more suitable for
high capacity applications. Our holographic disks storage system
includes hardware implemented channel decoding providing high transfer
rate (1 Gbit/sec) and high capacity storage (>100 Gbit per 6.5' disk)
Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2000. (CLEO 2000). Conference on; 02/2000
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ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a deterministic algorithm for the block
placement problem, based on Sequence-Pair (SP), unlike most of the
previous approaches which use simulated annealing (SA). An initial
placement is obtained by a simple analytical method and an SP is
extracted from the placement. Then the algorithm moves modules
conceptually in a +45 degree direction, and in a -45 degree direction,
alternately until the evaluation converges, utilizing the SP. Our
experiments show the algorithm runs 110 times faster than SA, while
keeping the same level of area and total wire length performance
Circuits and Systems, 2000. IEEE APCCAS 2000. The 2000 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on; 02/2000
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ABSTRACT: A simple apparatus is described whereby any quantity of CO 2 up to several moles can be converted to methane in one step by catalytic hydrogenation using a ruthenium catalyst. The conversion is very rapid, the entire operation being carried out in about 3 hours. The over‐all yield is greater than 98%, and the methane is of high purity.
Review of Scientific Instruments 04/1961; · 1.37 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: UVSOR-II, a 750 MeV synchrotron light source of 53 m circumference, is now routinely operated with low emit-tance of 27 nm-rad and with four undulators, two variably polarized ones. The full energy injection was succeeded soon after upgrading the injector and the beam transport line. We have operated the machine routinely with full-energy injection in the user's run since July, 2007. We are going to start top-up injection hopefully in this year. A resonator type free electron laser is successfully oper-ational in very wide range, from visible to deep UV, with high average power exceeding 1 W. Recently, the wave-length has reached 200 nm. Intense coherent terahertz ra-diation was successfully produced by the laser-electron in-teraction. Coherent harmonic generation was also demon-strated by using the same laser system.
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[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: It is well recognized that proprioceptive afferent inputs can control the timing and pattern of locomotion. C and Aδ afferents can also affect locomotion but an unresolved issue is the identity of the subsets of these afferents that encode defined modalities. Over the last decade, the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have emerged as a family of non-selective cation conductances that can label specific subsets of afferents. We focus on a class of TRPs known as ThermoTRPs which are well known to be sensor receptors that transduce changes in heat and cold. ThermoTRPs are known to help encode somatosensation and painful stimuli, and receptors have been found on C and Aδ afferents with central projections onto dorsal horn laminae. Here we show, using in vitro neonatal mouse spinal cord preparations, that activation of both spinal and peripheral transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) afferent terminals modulates central pattern generators (CPGs). Capsaicin or menthol and cooling modulated both sacrocaudal afferent (SCA) evoked and monoaminergic drug-induced rhythmic locomotor-like activity in spinal cords from wild type but not TRPV1-null (trpv1−/−) or TRPM8-null (trpm8−/−) mice, respectively. Capsaicin induced an initial increase in excitability of the lumbar motor networks, while menthol or cooling caused a decrease in excitability. Capsaicin and menthol actions on CPGs involved excitatory and inhibitory glutamatergic mechanisms, respectively. These results for the first time show that dedicated pathways of somatosensation and pain identified by TRPV1 or TRPM8 can target spinal locomotor CPGs.
Neuroscience.
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ABSTRACT: An upgrade project of UVSOR has started in FY2002. The original DBA lattice will be modified to have smaller emittance and more straight sections available for insertion devices. All the quadrupole and sextupole magnets will be replaced as well as their beam ducts. An in-vacuum undulator will be installed. A part of the injection linac will be replaced. Re-construction and re-commissioning will be completed until summer 2003.
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ABSTRACT: Nagoya University had a project to construct a new synchrotron light facility, called Photo-Science Nanofactory, to develop a wide range research on basic science, industrial applications, life science and environmental engineering. The project is now developed to "Central Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Facility" as the principal facility of the project of Aichi prefecture, "Knowledge Hub", to establish a new research center for technological innovations. The key equipment of the facility is a small electron storage ring, which is able to supply hard x-rays. The energy of the stored electron beam is 1.2 GeV, the circumference is 62.4 m, the current is 300 mA, and natural emittance is about 53 nm-rad. The storage ring consists of four triple bend cells. Eight of the twelve bending magnets are normal conducting ones. Four of them are 5 T superconducting magnets (super-bends). The bending angle of the super-bend is 12 degrees and three hard x-ray beam lines can be extracted from each super-bend. Two insertion devices will be installed in the straight sections. The electron beam is injected from a booster synchrotron with the energy of 1.2 GeV as full energy injection. A 50 MeV linac is used as an injector to the booster synchrotron. The top-up operation is also planned.
