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ABSTRACT: The vaginal distention (VD) translational model for postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is potentially biased for use in evaluating animals with increasing phenotypic size (obesity) due to a fixed VD volume. Our study had three principle and two secondary aims. First, to examine both ex vivo and in vivo catheter pressure changes during volume distention. Secondly, to determine mean pressure at current volume standard for use as target pressure (TP) for VD under isobaric (IB) conditions. Thirdly, to demonstrate feasibility and equivalence of VD at TP versus isovolumetric (IV) standard. Secondary aims were to demonstrate decreased variability (IB vs. IV) and to review the effect of weight.
Ten French modified Foley catheters were inflated sequentially to 3.0 ml while connected (both in vivo and ex vivo) to a pressure transducer. Mean result generated TP. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats (280-300 g) were then randomized to one of three groups: IV, IB at TP, or sham VD. Student's t-test was used to compare groups' leak point pressures (LPP) and simple linear regression was used to evaluate the effect of weight as a continuous variable.
Catheter pressure/volume responses were demonstrated. Calculated TP was 531 mm Hg. LPP under conditions of IB and IV were statistically equivalent and were statistically lower than Sham. Variability was not statistically different between IB and IV groups. When treated as a continuous variable, weight had no effect on LPP.
VD injury based on TP is feasible and reproducible. Understanding catheter pressure dynamics is valuable for investigating alternative rat phenotypes.
Neurourology and Urodynamics 01/2012; 31(1):190-4. · 2.96 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Urinary diversion has been used as a surgical option for some bladder diseases. We developed a urinary diversion model in the rat and examined the effects of urinary diversion on the bladder.
We distributed female Sprague-Dawley® rats into age matched control, sham urinary diversion and urinary diversion groups. Each group was subsequently evaluated 1 or 8 weeks after urinary diversion or sham operation. Diversion was done by surgical disconnection of the ureters from the bladder and implantation to the uterine cervix. Conscious cystometry was examined. Bladders were harvested for histological examination and quantification of smooth muscle, urothelium and collagen. Vaginal histology was assessed. Bladder muscarinic and purinergic receptor expression was examined.
All rats survived the urinary diversion procedure. Bladder weight decreased in the diversion group. Cystometry showed decreased intercontractile interval and voided volume in the urinary diversion group compared to those in the control and sham operated groups. Compliance was decreased in diverted rats. Smooth muscle and urothelium were decreased as a percent of total bladder cross-sectional area. Collagen increased in 1 and 8-week diverted rats vs controls. Histological examination of the vaginal wall revealed mild swelling in 2 rats. Urinary diversion caused decreased muscarinic 3 and ligand gated purinergic 1 receptor expression but no change in muscarinic 2 or ligand gated purinergic 2 receptors.
Creating a urinary diversion model by ureterovaginostomy in the rat is feasible. Urinary diversion causes distinct functional and morphometric bladder alterations.
The Journal of urology 11/2010; 184(5):2179-85. · 4.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The natural history and the mechanisms behind the alteration of vaginal distension (VD) in a mouse model are not clear.
We examined the temporal sequelae of VD and pudendal nerve transection (PNT) on leak-point pressure (LPP) and the muscular and nerve components of the urethra in mice.
Seventy-two virgin female C57BL/6 mice were equally distributed into three groups. The VD group underwent VD for 1h. The PNT group received bilateral PNT. A control group underwent sham VD.
Each group was divided into four subgroups of six mice for measurement of LPP at 0, 4, 10, and 20 d after VD or PNT.
LPP was measured. Morphology and neurofilament-immunoreactive nerve of the urethra were assessed.
LPP was decreased at 0, 4, and 10 d but not at 20 d after VD. Decreased LPP persisted to 20 d in the PNT group. The external urethral striated muscle appeared disrupted and/or wavy in two mice at 0 d, in three mice at 4 d, in one mouse at 10 d, and in one mouse in 20 d after VD. The density of neurofilament-immunoreactive nerve in the urethra was reduced at 4 and 10 d after VD, but not at 20 d, and at 4, 10, and 20 d after PNT compared with the corresponding values of the sham VD group. The limitation of this animal model is that the pelvic floor structure of the mouse is different from that of female humans. Therefore, results of this study should be carefully applied to human subjects.
VD causes reversible stress urinary incontinence in female mice. Recovery of continence function following VD is associated with repair of the external urethral sphincter and reinnervation of the urethra. This mouse model will be useful for mechanistic investigation and targeting of therapeutic intervention by taking advantage of genetic manipulation.
European urology 04/2009; 57(3):506-12. · 7.67 Impact Factor
