Małgorzata Gieryńska

Publications of Małgorzata Gieryńska

• [Molecular recognition of viral infections - immune response stimulation].

  Authors: Małgorzata Gieryńska, Ada Schollenberger

  Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej (Online). 01/2011; 65:299-313.

  The mammalian immune system has evolved several mechanisms that allow bacterial and viral infections to be successfully fought. Animal cells are able to recognize viral infection and this recognitionThe mammalian immune system has evolved several mechanisms that allow bacterial and viral infections to be successfully fought. Animal cells are able to recognize viral infection and this recognition is dependent on the presence of intracellular sensors that instantly identify danger signals and initiate signal cascades leading to an effective antiviral response. Several host proteins have been identified as intracellular sensors, namely: Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, AIM2-like receptors and DAI, DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factor. They recognize and bind viral genomic nucleic acids and all their replicative intermediates. Receptor-ligand interaction leads to activation of specific metabolic pathways that include synthesis and release of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. These mediators are in turn responsible for synchronizing mechanisms of innate and adaptive antiviral immunity. They are crucial for blocking viral replication, preventing the spread of infection and eventually eliminating the virus from the host. Signaling pathways dependent on RIG-I, independent of TLR and other viral ligand(s) identification mechanisms leading to antiviral immune response stimulation, are discussed in this review.

• [Dendritic epidermal T cells: sentinels of the skin]

  Authors: Małgorzata Gieryńska, Ada Schollenberger, Irma Spohr Cespedes, Ewelina Pawlak

  Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej (Online). 02/2009; 63:114-22.

  Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) are T lymphocytes that express a canonical gammadeltaTCR and form a dense network in murine skin. The major difference between ab and gammadeltaT cells is that theDendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) are T lymphocytes that express a canonical gammadeltaTCR and form a dense network in murine skin. The major difference between ab and gammadeltaT cells is that the latter do not require antigen presentation in the context of MHC I or II for stimulation. Using their gammadeltaTCR they recognize so far unknown ligands expressed by stressed, infected, or transformed keratinocytes. Since DETCs are located only in the skin, they provide the front line of defense against invasion, but also take part in immune regulation. These cells are in intimate contact with neighboring cells and, through their unique antigen recognition, can immediately react to incoming signals and secrete a variety of cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines that have been implicated in tissue repair and cell survival, proliferation, migration, and recruitment. They play a large role in maintaining skin homeostasis by rapid induction of immune response and at the same time they can release immunoregulatory mediators that inhibit inflammation and consequently maintain integrity of the skin.

• Dendritic epidermal T cells: their role in the early phase of ectromelia virus infection.

  Authors: Małgorzata Gieryńska, Ewelina Pawlak, Ada Schollenberger, Irma Spohr Cespedes

  Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej (Online). 02/2009; 63:369-76.

  INTRODUCTION: Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) are bone marrow-derived T lymphocytes that express a canonical gammadelta TCR and form a dense network in the murine skin. Here, we sought toINTRODUCTION: Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) are bone marrow-derived T lymphocytes that express a canonical gammadelta TCR and form a dense network in the murine skin. Here, we sought to determine their role during the early phase of ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection. MATERIALS/METHODS: In vivo and in vitro models were established for this purpose. In the first model, C57BL/6 mice were intradermally infected into the central part of the ear pinnas with 105 PFU ECTV-Mos strain per ear. At indicated time-points, the total pinna cell population was isolated to determine the presence of DETCs and the enumeration of DETCs secreting IFN-gamma under in vitro stimulation. Purified DETCs were also analyzed for certain gene expressions by RT-PCR. In the second model, purified DETCs isolated from pinnas of uninfected C57BL/6 mice were stimulated in vitro with 5 MOI of UV-inactivated ECTV-Mos. Total RNA was isolated at indicated time-points for RT-PCR gene expression evaluation. RESULTS: A rapid increase in DETCs number in the pinnas was observed for 24 hours post-infection. During the next 24 h the DETCs number decreased, reaching control values. Rapid but short-lasting INF-gamma secretion by purified DETCs in vitro was observed and correlated well with the expression of the beta chemokine CCL5 gene responsible for macrophage and neutrophil attraction. It was also accompanied by DETCs expression of the immunoregulatory factors TGF-beta, GM-CSF, and KGF genes important for maintaining skin integrity. CONCLUSIONS: DETCs from mice infected with ECTV-Mos were rapidly induced to cascade the secretion of mediators that contribute to both immune protection and the control of skin integrity.

• Pathogenesis of mousepox in H-2d mice: evidence for MHC class I-restricted CD8+ and MHC class II-restricted CD4+ CTL antiviral activity in the lymph nodes, spleen and skin, but not in the conjunctivae

  Authors: Irma Spohr Cespedes, Felix N. Toka, Ada Schollenberger, Małgorzata Gieryńska, Marek Niemiałtowski

  Microbes and Infection.

  Genetically sensitive mice (i.e. H-2d haplotype) infected with a natural mouse pathogen named ectromelia virus (EV) can develop a mousepox. Virus replicates well in the skin, next in the drainingGenetically sensitive mice (i.e. H-2d haplotype) infected with a natural mouse pathogen named ectromelia virus (EV) can develop a mousepox. Virus replicates well in the skin, next in the draining lymph nodes (DLNs) and then in the spleen and liver, where it may induce extensive necrosis with strong inflammatory reaction. It is well known from the studies defined on some other viruses that a correlation, functional link and powerful help exist between MHC class I-restricted CD8+ and MHC class II-restricted CD4+ virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, in the case of mousepox the role of CD4+ CTLs is still controversial and some reports support the notion that induction of EV-specific CD4+ CTLs is nonessential for the generation of virus-specific immune response. Consequently, this study was designed to evaluate EV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ CTL activity in the DLNs, spleen, skin and conjunctivae of BALB/c (H-2d) mice at 7 and 14 days p.i. with Moscow strain of EV. By using bulk cytotoxicity assay and immunosurgery of effector T cells with mAb specific for CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells our data show that EV-specific CD8+ CTLs predominated in DLNs and spleen at 7 days (67 and 66% of total CTLs, respectively) and 14 days p.i. (63 and 69% of total CTLs, respectively). In contrast, we found that EV clearance from the cutaneous lesions during mousepox is CD4+ CTL-dependent at 7 days p.i. (59% of total CTLs), whereas at 14 days p.i. CD8+ CTLs predominated in the epidermis, accounting for 72% of the total EV-specific CTLs. Our studies showed that the population of EV-specific CTLs is heterogenous and contains cells of both phenotypes: CD8+ and CD4+. However, these effector cells did not express a similar tendency in cytotoxic activity in the DLNs, spleen and skin in comparison to the conjunctivae where EV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ CTLs were not detected at 7 days p.i. and at peak of mousepox conjunctivitis (14 days p.i.). Our results are discussed in terms of the value of EV to study antiviral CTL responses in the genetically susceptible host.