Stephen Jones

Publications (3)4.76 Total impact

• Article: Increase in direct diabetes-related costs and resource use in the 6 months following initiation of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes in five European countries: data from the INSTIGATE study.

  Stephen Jones, Conxa Castell, Albert Goday, Helen T Smith, Claudia Nicolay, Alexander Simpson, Carole Salaun-Martin
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  ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to describe the resource use and associated direct costs of diabetes care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the 6 months before and after initiation of insulin therapy. INSTIGATE is a prospective, noninterventional, multicenter study of patients with type 2 diabetes who were initiating insulin for the first time as part of their usual care in 2006. The study was conducted in France, Germany, Greece, Spain, and the UK, and observed the course of diabetes therapy for up to 6 months. Direct medical costs were evaluated from the national health care system (third-party payer) perspective at 2006 prices. Of the 1153 patients with type 2 diabetes, 1051 (91.2%) had follow-up visits in the 6 months after insulin initiation and were included in the cost analysis. In all countries in our study, mean total direct costs per patient increased in the 6-month follow-up period, compared with the 6-month period prior to insulin initiation, and ranged from €577 in Greece to €1402 in France. The incremental cost of adding insulin treatment ranged from €81 in France to €471 in Spain. In all countries, the mean total direct cost of care for diabetes increased after starting insulin. The breakdown of total direct costs by expenditure category varied considerably across countries, reflecting differences in resource use patterns, prices of medical resources, and different health care systems.
  ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research 01/2012; 4:383-93.
• Source

  Available from: Andreas Liebl

  Article: Clinical outcomes after insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes: 6-month data from the INSTIGATE observational study in five European countries.

  Andreas Liebl, Stephen Jones, Marian Benroubi, Conxa Castell, Albert Goday, Marie Aline Charles, Helen T Smith, Claudia Nicolay, Alexander Simpson
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  ABSTRACT: To examine insulin regimens and factors that affect glycaemic control at 6 months after initiation of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Information on patients requiring insulin initiation as part of usual care was collected in a prospective, observational, open-label study in five European countries. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to investigate factors associated with HbA1c achieved at 6 months. Mean HbA1c for all patients at baseline was 9.6 ± 1.8%. Long/intermediate-acting insulin only was most commonly initiated in France and Spain, while long/intermediate or pre-mixed formulations were initiated in Greece and UK. This was consistent with guidelines used in those countries and there was little change in insulin regimen at 6 months in these countries. In Germany, short-acting insulin only was favoured at baseline and there was a shift towards basal/bolus regimens at 6 months, which reflected the local guidelines for insulin initiation in Germany. Mean HbA1c reduction was greatest in Germany (-2.3%), which was the only country to achieve a mean of <7% at 6 months. In all countries, HbA1c achieved at 6 months was associated with baseline HbA1c. Differences between countries were seen for influence of factors such as BMI, duration of diabetes, insulin regimen, insulin dose and number of oral anti-diabetes drugs on HbA1c achieved. Explained variability for the factors ranged from 5.6% to 22.9%. Differences in insulin regimen were observed between countries, and appeared to reflect the guidelines and treatment regimens used.
  Current Medical Research and Opinion 02/2011; 27(5):887-95. · 2.38 Impact Factor
• Article: Characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating insulin therapy: baseline data from the INSTIGATE study.

  Stephen Jones, Marian Benroubi, Conxa Castell, Albert Goday, Andreas Liebl, Louise Timlin, Claudia Nicolay, Alexander Simpson, Aodan Tynan
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  ABSTRACT: To describe the characteristics at baseline of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are initiating insulin. Prospective, observational multi-centre, open-label study in five European countries of patients with type 2 diabetes who were initiating insulin as part of their usual care. A total of 1172 patients were enrolled, with mean age 63.3 years and body mass index 29.9 kg/m(2). The majority (90%) of patients were taking one or more oral anti-diabetic agents; the percentage not taking anti-diabetic medication in the previous four weeks was highest in Germany (23.4%) and Spain (15.1%). The prevalence of microvascular diseases (range: 16.1%-36.1%) varied considerably between countries but for macrovascular (30.4%-38.6%) and other diabetes-related diagnoses (72.6%-76.6%) such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia the differences were less pronounced. In Germany, reported use of lipid-lowering (26.7%) and anti-platelet (27.1%) therapies was much less than in other countries (ranges: 53.2%-78.1% and 48.3%-61.1%, respectively). The majority of evaluable patients in each country had demonstrated poor control over a long period of time. Prior to initiating insulin, the most recent mean (+/-SD) HbA1(c) was 9.58 +/- 1.81%, fasting plasma glucose was 12.18 +/- 4.32 mmol/L and 78.5% had metabolic syndrome. IDF targets for HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, and blood pressure were met in 76.8%, 33.1% and 18.9% of patients, respectively. Insulin treatment was only initiated after HbA1(c) values were considerably higher than recommended in treatment guidelines for a sustained period of time.
  Current Medical Research and Opinion 02/2009; 25(3):691-700. · 2.38 Impact Factor