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ABSTRACT: Exercise training (ExT) is a recommended adjunct to many pharmaceutical antihypertensive therapies. The effects of chronic ExT on the development of hypertension-induced renal injury remain unknown. We examined whether ExT would preserve renal hemodynamics and structure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and whether these effects were mediated by improved redox status and decreased inflammation. Normotensive WKY rats and SHR underwent moderate-intensity ExT for 16 weeks. One group of SHR animals was treated with hydralazine to investigate the pressure-dependent/independent effects of ExT. Acute renal clearance experiments were performed prior to sacrifice. Tissue free radical production rates were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance; gene and protein expression were measured by real time RT-PCR and Western blot or immunofluorescence, respectively. Plasma angiotensin II levels and kidney antioxidants were assessed. Training efficacy was assessed by citrate synthase activity assay in hind-limb muscle.
ExT delayed hypertension, prevented oxidative stress and inflammation, preserved antioxidant status, prevented an increase in circulating AngII levels, and preserved renal hemodynamics and structure in SHR. In addition, exercise-induced effects, at least, in part, were found to be pressure-independent. Innovation: This study is the first to provide mechanistic evidence for the renoprotective benefits of ExT in a model of hypertension. Our results demonstrate that initiation of ExT in susceptible patients can delay the development of hypertension and provide renoprotection at the functional and ultrastructural level.
Chronic ExT preserves renal hemodynamics and structure in SHR; these effects are partially mediated by improved redox status and decreased inflammation.
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 09/2011; 16(2):139-52. · 8.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To assess renoprotective effects of a blueberry-enriched diet in a rat model of hypertension. Oxidative stress (OS) appears to be involved in the development of hypertension and related renal injury. Pharmacological antioxidants can attenuate hypertension and hypertension-induced renal injury; however, attention has shifted recently to the therapeutic potential of natural products as antioxidants. Blueberries (BB) have among the highest antioxidant capacities of fruits and vegetables.
Male spontaneously hypertensive rats received a BB-enriched diet (2% w/w) or an isocaloric control diet for 6 or 12 weeks or 2 days. Compared to controls, rats fed BB-enriched diet for 6 or 12 weeks exhibited lower blood pressure, improved glomerular filtration rate, and decreased renovascular resistance. As measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, significant decreases in total reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite, and superoxide production rates were observed in kidney tissues in rats on long-term dietary treatment, consistent with reduced pathology and improved function. Additionally, measures of antioxidant status improved; specifically, renal glutathione and catalase activities increased markedly. Contrasted to these observations indicating reduced OS in the BB group after long-term feeding, similar measurements made in rats fed the same diet for only 2 days yielded evidence of increased OS; specifically, significant increases in total ROS, peroxynitrite, and superoxide production rates in all tissues (kidney, brain, and liver) assayed in BB-fed rats. These results were evidence of "hormesis" during brief exposure, which dissipated with time as indicated by enhanced levels of catalase in heart and liver of BB group.
Long-term feeding of BB-enriched diet lowered blood pressure, preserved renal hemodynamics, and improved redox status in kidneys of hypertensive rats and concomitantly demonstrated the potential to delay or attenuate development of hypertension-induced renal injury, and these effects appear to be mediated by a short-term hormetic response.
PLoS ONE 01/2011; 6(9):e24028. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Lipomatosis is described in a miniature Zebu, Bos primigenius indicus, bull that died of perianesthetic complications. This is the first pathologic description of lipomatosis that we are aware of in this species and breed of cattle. Infiltration of multiple visceral organs is described and depicted along with comparison to previously published cases of lipomatosis in other breeds of cattle.
Veterinary medicine international. 01/2010; 2010:810496.
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ABSTRACT: In vivo electroporation-mediated gene therapy in large animals is gaining ground as one of the most important means for non-viral gene therapy. This review focuses on the novel aspects of reversible electroporation as applied to large animals, improvement of electroporation delivery technique, and development of electroporation-based vaccines. In regard to large animals, we have summarized the initial use of electroporation-mediated antineoplastic gene therapy in humans, vaccination in monkeys, reversing and preventing cachexia in dogs, and increases growth rate and piglet survival in pigs. Novel techniques incorporating electroporation, including ex vivo manipulations, electron avalanche transfection, and electrosonoporation illustrate evolving modifications. Specific alterations of electroporation parameters and DNA formulations along with ideas of enhancing gene transfection efficiency are provided in addition to a discussion of some of the current limitations of electroporation-mediated gene therapy.
Current Gene Therapy 09/2009; 9(4):316-26. · 3.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This report describes a pituitary acidophil macroadenoma in a goat. Antemortem clinical findings included hypothermia and rumen stasis. Clinicopathologic findings included refractory hypoglycemia, low total thyroxin and insulin concentrations, elevated bile acid concentration, and hyposthenuria. In addition to the pituitary macroadenoma, bilateral atrophy of the zona reticularis of the adrenal glands was observed histologically.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation: official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 04/2009; 21(2):262-6. · 1.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Spinal lymphoma and concurrent pulmonary filariasis are reported in a pet rabbit. The rabbit presented for pelvic limb paralysis resulting from extradural spinal lymphoma, presumably rising from the body of the sixth lumbar vertebra. The neoplasm was subsequently immunophenotyped as a B-cell lymphoma. Pulmonary filariasis was an incidental finding at necropsy.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation: official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 04/2009; 21(2):253-6. · 1.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Concurrent tracheal hypoplasia and discrete subaortic stenosis are described in a 12-week-old Rottweiler puppy that presumably died of pulmonary edema. A brief literature review and comparison to previously published cases of tracheal hypoplasia in other breeds is presented along with a description of a subaortic septal ridge and comparison to the analogous condition in humans.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation: official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 02/2009; 21(1):117-9. · 1.21 Impact Factor
