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ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to compare the efficiency of different murine lines for genotoxicity assays. Rats and mice of different murine lines were used. The spontaneous and induced indexes were evaluated according to alkaline comet assay of peripheral blood leukocytes, micronucleus and chromosomic aberration assay of bone marrow cell, and sperm head morphology assay. In most of the evaluated assays the line of Balb/c mice turned out to be the ideal biomodel, with less spontaneous indexes and high induced indexes to the mutagen used; allowing to detect in a narrow error margin those substances that are classified of very low genotoxicity. These results demonstrate that genetically the line of Balb/c mice in both sexes is more stable than the other ones evaluated. This suggests the use of the Balb/c line on in vivo genotoxicity assay will increase sensibility and robustness.
Interdisciplinary toxicology 09/2012; 5(3):141-9.
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ABSTRACT: The AFCo1 cochleate is a potential novel adjuvant derived from Neisseria meningitidis B proteoliposome.
The aim was to assessing the safety of AFCo1 by single and repeated doses in Sprague Dawley rats.
Rats were grouped for treatment with AFCo1, placebo formulation or control. The first study was a single intranasal dose of 100 μl and monitoring body weight, water, and food intakes as well as clinical symptoms. Fourteen days later the rats were killed and anatomopathological studies were conducted. In a second study, four similar doses of the test substance were instilled every 5 days. Clinical observations were carried out as for the single dose study and a number of rats from each group were killed 3 and 14 days after the last dose in order to conduct hematological, hemochemical, and anatomopathological studies.
No variable showed differences of toxicological relevance; the histological changes found were mild and similarly frequently in the three groups. According to the irritability index calculated form histology of the nasal region, AFCo1 was also classified as nonirritating.
AFCo1 is potentially safe for human use by nasal route as evidenced by the absence of local and systemic signs of toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats.
North American journal of medical sciences. 03/2012; 4(3):135-40.
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ABSTRACT: The methods of semen quality valuation in artificial insemination and research were suffering a constant development to estimate with more precision the males fertility. The objective of this work is making of a theoretical-practice guide that allows to carry out studies of the semen in rabbits, (New Zealand White breed), applied to the fertility toxicology thematic. Extensive results are obtained in our research in function of the female reproductive toxicity and the male in indirect form, this study allows to detect the absence or presence of reproductive toxicity directly in the male, to highlight that the results go or not more there is of the integrity of the sexual organs, anatomopathological exams, health, sexual libido, number of pregnant females, number of breedings and other variables. You should be formed 4 experimental groups from 8 to 10 rabbits males/group (32-40 total), of 7-8 months of age (adults) of 1,8-2,5 kg of corporal weight, forming a control vehicle group and three levels of the product to evaluate, being administered in repeated dose during 8 weeks (60 days for oral way, which embraces a spermatic cycle and ¼ of the following one, in the rabbit this cycle lasts 48 days), during this time it should weigh the animals weekly to determine the product doses to administer and they were observed twice a day. You can include or not a positive control group administered with reference substances, which can be administered by dose and different way to the assays substance. After 8 weeks it should extract the semen for their macroscopic and microscopic valuation with the use of an estrogenic female rabbit (1 female/6-8 male). For a bigger valuation of the toxicity product to evaluate in the male's reproductive system should carry out the anatomopathological study of organs and cavities, to extract (testicles, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles) for their histological study and the determination of the relationship of organ weight/corporal weight. All the analyzed variables should be compared against negative control group. This work is not based on the implementation of new techniques, but the researchers should knows that these tools exist and that they can be used to solve in an immediate way a problem given with methodologies that include a low cost, easy reproduction, quick obtaining of the results, they don't need of sophisticated teams, neither of qualified personnel in this stuff.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2011;
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this letter to the editor went to give and to know three procedures to keep in mind in the fertility, peri and postnatal toxicology studies. These procedures are the preparation of exudates vaginal to verify the mating, steps to continue the day of the birth assuming as 0 day the date of the mating and the guide to check if the breedings are suckling. We think that this work can serve as support material for those investigators that carry out to its products this type of studies.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: In 1988, Singh and collaborators developed the alkaline variant of the individual cells electrophoresis (comet assay), providing for the first time the data at level of individual cell. This article had as objective to provide of the researchers that they work carrying out the genotoxic evaluations some considerations about the experimental technique of the comet assay starting from leukocytes of peripheral blood and liver cells. We kept in mind for each procedure the solutions to prepare, experimental procedure and evaluation.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The lethal dominant in vivo genotoxicity assay it measures the induced genetic changes in a dominant way that kill to the zygote. The objective of this work is to define the protocol of this test in mice, standardized under our experimental conditions, which would help to provide to the toxicologists of a departure material for the realization these in vivo assay in their laboratories. We considered the experimental procedure, the variables to analyze and the statistical analysis of the results.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: Teratology is the scientific discipline that, inside the zoology, it studies the abnormal creatures, those natural individuals in a species that it don't respond to the common pattern. The aim of this work was to describe the methods and techniques for the skeletal and visceral exam in fresh of rat and rabbit fetuses in the teratogenesis study. We kept in mind the procedure to describe the microscopic exam of rat and rabbit fetuses obtained the day 20 of the gestation, with reference to standard specimens, as well as to describe the visceral exam of rat and rabbit fetuses, without these have been previously fixed (the visceral exam takes place the day of the caesarean operation).
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The toxicologics studies of novel adjuvants vaccine, they should be carried out according to the recommendations of the lines guidelines of the Organization for the Cooperation and Development (OECD) and European Medicines Agency (EMEA). In our days its stands out the adjuvants use in most of the vaccine candidates, as enhancers of the immune response, but in general the adjuvants existen, presents adverse and undesirable effects, mainly of toxic nature, results that they have been good to affirm for several experts and studious of this matter that for them the ideal adjuvant doesn't exist. This review has as objective to carry out a design for the toxicological evaluations required in a novel vaccine adjuvant. We kept in mind the assays to determine the toxicity for unique dose, for repeated dose, local tolerance, evaluations of reproduction toxicology, special toxicology which includes genotoxicity and mutagenesis, and lastly the pyrogen assay. They are numerous the evaluations to carry out to be able to register and to validate a novel adjuvant, which allow determining the toxic effect at all the possible levels, this to our approach has been to diminish the risk to undesirable effects of the vaccines used in human and animals.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The genotoxic potential study of new compounds to propose as drugs constitutes a route for the determination of the risk of genetic damage in people exposed. In this sense the genetic toxicology has the responsibility of determining the substances that can be genotoxics potentially for the man, the one which later on will evaluate its use or not, in function of the relationship risk-benefit. In this article we had for objective to evaluate the C57BL/6/cenp mice breeds like experimental biomodel in the head sperms morphology assay, micronuclei of bone marrow assay and comet assay (alkaline electrophoresis of individual cells). We were used young-mature mice of both sexes, being administered during 35 days, being formed 4 experimental groups, a group negative control, a group substance vehicle 1 (tween 65 to 2%), a group substance vehicle 2 (NaCl to 0,9 %) and lastly a group positive control (cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg, i.p). The spontaneous and induced variables analyzed were, the concentration of sperms, anomalies in the sperms head of male mice epididymis, micronuclei of bone marrow and the strand breaks (SB) or alkali-labile sites formation on DNA from leukocytes of peripheral blood, by means of the comet assay in both sexes mice. We concluded that you can use the C57BL/6/cenp mice breeds as experimental biomodel in these three genotoxicity assays but as last election, since it is less efficient than others mice breeds in commercialization like the Balb-C, NMRI and OF-1.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: For the new products evaluation is necessary to know the spontaneous and induced frequency of appearance of each one of the phenomenons that studies the genetic toxicology to use in the biomodel, for this way to realize that we are in front of a mutagenic substance and genotoxic, and this way to corroborate the existence or not an mutagenic effect and in that measured it is manifested, for this reason it is necessary the search of the ideal animal model. The aim of this editor letter is to give the final results of this study, when evaluating and to compare the spontaneous and induced indexes in mice of both sexes of the Balb-C, NMRI, OF-1 and C57/BL6/cenp lines, by means of these in vivo assays to determine the most efficient line, on the base of the significant appearance of lower spontaneous indexes and high induced indexes given by the sensibility to mutagenic substances as the cyclophosphamide. We was obtained as a result that the Balb-C line in both sexes differs significant with the other lines where they met the lower spontaneous indexes and the highest induced indexes with cyclophosphamide, keeping in mind the indicators such as epididymi spermatic concentration, spontaneous frequency of anomalous heads sperms, erythrocytes number in bone marrow with micronucleis, citotoxicity index (relationship among old erythrocytes/young erythrocytes), cells total with structural aberrations in the chromosomes, mitotic index (number of cells in metaphase) and the leukocytes percent in peripheral blood that they experience damage in the DNA according to level 1, 2, 3, 4 of smaller to more damage. Also the C57/BL6/cenp line was the less efficient and less sensitive to the mutagen, being obtained the higher spontaneous results and the lowest induced results.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to describe the methods and technical for sacrifice the mothers and to evaluate the possible toxic effect on the fetuses. We kept in mind the local, required personnel, previous condition, equipment, dissection procedure, variables analyzed, sexing of the fetuses, fetuses weight, technique for the tint with alizarin of the rat fetuses and evaluation of the rat fetuses fixed in Bouin. We think that this work is useful for the journal readers as well as for the scientific community in general
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: In this study we decided to evaluate and compare the SD rats response of both sexes in the administration of two mutagenic substances by chromosomal aberrations assay in bone marrow cells. Which were formed 5 experimental groups/sex, the first administered 48 and 24 hours before the sacrifice with NaCl 0,9% by intraperitoneal (i.p) route, the second was administered with cyclophosphamide by i.p route, 48 and 24 hours before sacrifice at doses of 50 mg/kg, the third group administered with the same mutagen, dose and route but on a single administration 24 hours before sacrifice, a fourth group administered with bleomycin by i.p route, 48 and 24 hours before sacrifice at doses of 40 mg/kg, and a fifth group administered with bleomycin also at the same dose and route but on a single administration, 24 hours before sacrifice. At the end of the experience obtained higher induction results of chromosome aberrations with the use of cyclophosphamide and bleomycin was administered 48 and 24 hours before sacrifice in SD rats Balb-C of both sexes. Nevertheless high sensibility of this rat line in both sexes was evidenced to the action of both mutagens independently of the outline of used treatment.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The micronuclei assay in bone marrow is easily to reproduce and its offer clear information on the cellular proliferation in bone marrow. This system allow registering in vivo the capacity of the chemical substances to induce chromosomics ruptures to interfere or the chromosomes metaphases migration during the mitosis of the somatic cells. In this article wedecide to evaluate the Sprague Dawley rats in both sexes as biomodel in the induction of micronuclei in bone marrow cells by cyclophosphamide and bleomycin. Which were formed 5 experimental groups per sex, the first administered with NaCl 0,9 % by intraperitoneal (i.p) route, the second and third groups were administered with cyclophosphamide by i.p route,with designs of different treatments at doses of 50 mg/kg. The fourth and fifth groups were administered with bleomycin by i.p route, equally in two designs of different treatments at doses of 40 mg/kg. At the end of the experience obtained higher results of the micronucleis inductions with the use of cyclophosphamide was administered 48 and 24 hours beforesacrifice in SD rats of both sexes. That which constitutes in our experimental conditions the best experimental design to induce the micronucleis formation in bone marrow cells of rodents, increasing considerably the spontaneous frequency to present in this species of rat, useful in evaluation studies on in vivo antigenotoxic drugs effects.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The behavior constitutes one of the appraisable parameters of more importance in the reproduction toxicology studies, linked mainly to the postnatal stage of the new breeding in one generation and multigenerational studies. In this article we had for objective to offer the procedures to carry out the evaluation of the open field exploratory activity, active and passive avoidance test in mice, evaluation of the orientation movement in inclined plane, evaluation of the response to the hot plate test and lastly the procedure for the evaluation of the response to the rotating rod test. The authors group hopes that this article is since of great utility for the toxicologists that visit the Journal, in this document we highlight the procedures eminently of animal behavior, very useful in the toxicology reproduction studies, where it is thoroughly explained the principle of each one of these tests and as carrying out it. It concerns the researchers to give a scientific explanation to the results that they obtain in each one from these tests when evaluating yours products.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The comet assay has been standardized in semen of different species, but little is known of the analysis are sperm in the epididymis, is of vital importance to this analysis given its high sensitivity to oxidative processes involving free radical formation during the process of maturation or metamorphosis. Therefore we propose as a fundamental objective of this work to determine a protocol of comet assay in epididymal sperm of rodents with slight modifications to that proposed by Shen and Ong in 2000 in semen. It will be very useful in genotoxicity and oxidative stress assays in masculine germinal cells of rodents.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: In this article we decide to evaluate genotoxic effect of the cyclophosphamide and bleomycin in the individual cells by means of alkaline comet assay using the Sprague Dawley rats in both sexes as experimental biomodel. Which were formed 5 experimental groups per sex, the first administered with NaCl 0,9 % by intraperitoneal (i.p) route, the second and third groups were administered with cyclophosphamide by i.p route, with designs of different treatments at doses of 50 mg/kg. The fourth and fifth groups were administered with bleomycin by i.p route, equally in two designs of different treatments at doses of 40 mg/kg. At the end of the experience bigger induction of damage was obtained with the use of the cyclophosphamide and bleomycin, both in the design of 48 and 24 hours administration before the sacrifice. This constitutes under our experimental conditions the two better experimental designs to induce the strand breaks (SB) or alkali-labile sites formation on DNA, increasing considerably the frequency spontaneous present in this species of rat, being useful in studies of drugs evaluation that they have not been explored in to the in vivo antigenotoxicity and genotoxicity environment.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The micronuclei assay in bone marrow, is one of those included at the moment inside the toxicologics battery of obligatory studies demanded by numerous regulatory agencies, it is easily to reproduce and it offers clear information on the cellular proliferation in bone marrow. This system allows registering in vivo the capacity of the chemical substances to induce chromosomics ruptures to interfere or the chromosomes metaphases migration during the mitosis of the somatic cells. In this article we reported the basal frequency of micronuclei in bone marrow of NMRI mice of both sexes; as well as the events induced frequency after the cyclophosphamide administration by intraperitoneal route (50 mg/kg), mutagen reference used as positive control.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The transplacental micronuclei assay has been developed aimed at evaluating the genotoxic potential in the descendants, demonstrating the capacity of an agent for causing cromosomal damages during the prenatal period. The registration of the cromosomal aberrations shows when a specific substance may be clastogenic or aneugenic in the fetus through the maternal exposure. Reason why presently work had as objective to establish a protocol for the study of transplacental micronucleus, linking this way the genotoxic and reproductive effect of a drug to evaluate for this methodology. We include the animals characteristics, the mating, administration and dosage, euthanasia method, peculiar methods of work with the sample from their obtaining (mother and fetus micronucleus), as well as the statistical analysis of the variables to analyze. Let us hope it is of the utility for all the professionals that are devoted to the experimental toxicology.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: El conocimiento de todos nuestros trabajos por parte de toda la comunidad científica se la debemos en su mayoría a la Revista Internacional Argentina RETEL (Revista de Toxicología en Línea), entre el editor y árbitros evaluadores han sabido darle a RETEL el lugar que hoy se merece en la comunidad de Toxicólogos de todo el mundo. Pues facilita de forma desinteresada la publicación de artículos de colegas con alta formación en esta temática de forma rápida, ayudando así a que la comunidad tenga acceso rápido a estos resultados, sin costo alguno. Con esta carta al editor el colectivo de autores de cada uno de estos artículos publicados en RETEL, que van desde el volumen 19 hasta el 31, queremos expresarles verdaderas palabras de agradecimiento infinito por apoyar a la divulgación de nuestros modestos pero necesarios resultados, a su ves exhortamos a todos aquellos que se dedican a esta tan hermosa rama del saber, contribuyan con sus artículos a evaluar, no se arrepentirán, una vez más gracias RETEL. Le deseamos a su editor el Doctor Juan Carlos Piola y colaboradores un año próspero y fructífero del cual ya se ven los frutos, “ya verán” RETEL superara los extensos números publicados en el año 2009, sinceramente colectivos de autores.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: From the 90 years have been carried out several studies of alternative in vitro validation to the ocular irritation assays. At the present time, has been refined the method to reduce the animals suffering, validating several alternatives in vitro with regulators finals to identify severe irritating products. These procedures have even this way some limitations. In this short communication we will try to carry out a bring up to date on the in vitro methods of the ocular irritation assays and inside these the more used in our days the isolated eye assay. We utilized this way to propitiate an exchange as for strategies in this evaluations topic among the journal readers.
RETEL : Revista de Toxicología en Línea. 01/2009;
