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ABSTRACT: Mammary phyllodes tumors (MPT) are uncommon fibroepithelial (biphasic) neoplasms whose clinical behavior is difficult to predict on the basis of histological criteria only. They are divided into benign, borderline malignant and malignant groups. Sometimes it appears difficult to distinguish these tumors from other types of soft tissue sarcomas. Because of the relatively scant data on the role of biological markers in MPT histogenesis, we have decided to undertake the following study, trying to shed more light on the issue by investigating the following elements that make up MPT: their histological patterns, biological behavior, enzymohistochemical, histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics (ICH) together with the mast cell analysis.
We examined the biopsy material of 35 MPT in our laboratory. Enzymohistochemistry was performed on frozen sections (method of Crowford, Nachlas and Seligman). The used methods were classical hematoxylin-eosin (H & E); histochemical Massontrichrome, Alcian-blue, Periodic acid Schiff and immunohistochemical LSAB2 method (DacoCytomation). Ki-67, c-kit, vimentin, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2 oncoprotein immunohistochemistry was performed on all tumors.
The patients were ranged per age from 30--62 years (mean 43.3 years, median 39 years). A total of 35 cases of MPT were included: 20 benign (57%), 6 borderline malignant (17%) and 9 malignant (26%). Twenty-two patients (62.8%) underwent segmental mastectomy, while 13 (37.2%) had total mastectomies. Twenty-eight patients had negative surgical margins at original resection. The mean size of malignant MPT (7.8 cm) was larger than that of benign MPT (4.5 cm). Significant features of the malignant MPT were: stromal cellularity, stromal cellular atypism, high mitotic activity, atypic mitoses, stromal overgrowth, infiltrative tumor contour and heterologous stromal elements. Benign MPT showed strong enzymohistochemical Leucine Amino Peptidase (LAP) activity in both epithelial and stromal components while it was weak or absent in the epithelial parts of the malignant tumors. Acid mucopolysacharides were present in the stromal component of all types of these tumors. Benign MPT had a lower Ki-67 than did borderline malignant MPT (4 versus 28). Malignant MPT had a greater than 8-fold higher Ki-67 activity than did benign tumors (35 versus 4). Intracyto-plasmatic c-kit expression was associated with a pathological diagnosis of malignant MPT, correlating with increasing grade (p < 0.05). In hypercellular stroma of borderline malignant and especially malignant forms of MPT, high activity of ER in mast cells was confirmed. Oncoprotein Her-2 activity, mostly in epithelial components, correlated with the degree of malignant progression of MPT (p < 0.05).
Besides the well-known malignant features additional parameters have been found to be high Ki-67 and c-kit stromal expressions, and weak LAP activity in the epithelial part of malignant MPT, as well as mast cells with a high expression of ER.
Vojnosanitetski pregled. Military-medical and pharmaceutical review 05/2009; 66(4):277-82. · 0.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Usual histopatological diagnosis of intrauterine pregnancy is made by demonstration of chorionic villi, but in the curettage tissue from intrauterine miscarriage they may not be present in all cases. The use of monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin as a sensitive and reliable marker for the morphologic discrimination between invasive trophoblastic (IT) cells and decidual cells has been well established. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of pregnancy in endometrial curettings when chorionic villi are absent from patients suspected of intrauterine pregnancy.
Twenty cases of endometrial tissue specimens were investigated for cytokeratin and vimentin expression by a double immunostaining for detection of IT cells.
Out of the total number of cases (20) 17 cases expressed cytokeratin 7 positive IT cells, that are an evidence of pregnancy.
The obtained results indicated, that double immunohistochemical demonstration of cytokeratin and vimentin is useful for identifying pregnancy in all chorionic villi-negative cases.
Vojnosanitetski pregled. Military-medical and pharmaceutical review 12/2008; 65(11):810-3. · 0.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: New data on apocrine carcinoma of the breast, especially on its unusual pathogenesis, are the facts that justify this study. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological features in both benign apocrine lesions and invasive apocrine carcinomas of the breast. The following apocrine lesions were pointed out: cysts, metaplasia, adenosis, adenoma, borderline malignant lesion, intraductal carcinoma and invasive apocrine carcinoma. Surgical specimens of breast benign and malignant lesions were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin blocks and the slides were stained with HE, PAS and immuno- histochemical ABC complex methods, using primary antibodies against: p53, Ki-67, androgen receptor, and GCDFP-15. The criteria of apocrine lesions, as well as classification of apocrine carcinoma were pointed out also. In the discussion we cited literature data about incidence of apocrine lesions in the breast, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular characteristics of apocrine lesions focusing on differential diagnostic problems between apocrine and nonapocrine lesions, and benign versus malignant apocrine lesion. The authors have suggested that apocrine carcinoma represents unusual type of the breast carcinoma and which may origin from the following precancerous lesions: apocrine hyperplasia, apocrine adenosis, atypical apocrine adenosis and adenoma. Immunohistochemical markers for apocrine differentiation are: GCDFP-15 and androgen receptors. Ki-67 and p53 may be good markers for differentiation between benign and malignant breast apocrine lesions. Positively staining for androgen receptors, not only in apocrine carcinoma of the breast, but also in benign lesions, has led some authors to postulate a possible role of androgens in the stimulation of breast epithelium and the development of apocrine cells and apocrine carcinomas. However, in this stage the clinical significance remains uncertain and follow-up studies will be required to evaluate this issue.
Archive of Oncology. 01/2004;
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ABSTRACT: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent a distinct and the most important subset of mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract GISTs occur throughout the GI tract but are usually located in the stomach and small intestine. The cellular origin, differentiation, nomenclature and prognosis of GISTs are controversial. Because GISTs, like the interstitial cells of Cajal, the GI pacemaker cells, express CD117 (c-kit protein), the origin of GISTs from the Cajal cells has recently been suggested. GISTs are also known for their wide variability in clinical behavior and for the difficulty to determine their malignant condition The most reproducible predictors of malignancy are mitotic count >1-5 per10 high-powered fields (HPF), size >5 cm, tumor necrosis, infiltration and metastasis to other sites. However, some tumors with mitotic activity <1/10 HPF may metastasize indicating some uncertainty in malignant potential of GISTs, especially those larger than 5 cm. Recently, mutations in c-kit gene (exon 11) preferentially occur in malignant GISTs and may be a clinically useful adjunct marker in evaluation of GISTs. In conclusion, the strong CD117 expression mostly defines primary GI mesenchymal tumors as GIST. Specific identification of GIST may become clinically important if therapies targeting the c-kit tyrosine kinase activation become available.
Archive of Oncology. 01/2002;
