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ABSTRACT: The complexity and low tractability of antibiotic macrolides pose serious challenges to addressing the problem of resistance through semi- or total synthesis. Here we describe a new strategy involving the preparation of a complex yet tractable macrocycle and the transformation of this macrocycle into a range of erythronolide congeners. These compounds represent valuable sectors of erythromycinoid structure space and constitute intermediates with the potential to provide further purchase in this space. The routes are short. The erythronolides were prepared in three or fewer steps from the macrocycle, which was prepared in a longest linear sequence of 11 steps.
Journal of the American Chemical Society 09/2011; 133(38):14968-71. · 9.91 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Allene epoxide formation/opening reaction sequences enabled direct access to diverse products. Described here are a single flask procedure for allene preparation and allene oxidation/derivatization reactions that give, among others, diendiol, diyndiol, α'-hydroxy-γ-enone, dihydrofuranone, butenolide, and δ-lactone products.
Organic Letters 07/2011; 13(13):3352-5. · 5.86 Impact Factor
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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 11/2009; 49(1):103-7. · 13.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Presented is a review of the advances in synthetic methodology that make use of the allene functional group, with emphasis on catalytic asymmetric transformations and new mechanistic insights. The review covers the period from January 2007 to May 2008 and focuses on intra- and intermolecular cycloaddition, carbocycle cycloisomerization, heterocycle synthesis, epoxidation, addition and miscellaneous transformations. A brief discussion of allenes as transition metal ligands, the use of allenes in total synthesis and potential medicinal agents that contain the allene functionality is also presented.
Current opinion in drug discovery & development 12/2008; 11(6):870-94. · 4.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The interpretation of single-molecule measurements is greatly complicated by the presence of multiple fluorescent labels. However, many molecular systems of interest consist of multiple interacting components. We investigate this issue using multiply labeled dextran polymers that we intentionally photobleach to the background on a single-molecule basis. Hidden Markov models allow for unsupervised analysis of the data to determine the number of fluorescent subunits involved in the fluorescence intermittency of the 6-carboxy-tetramethylrhodamine labels by counting the discrete steps in fluorescence intensity. The Bayes information criterion allows us to distinguish between hidden Markov models that differ by the number of states, that is, the number of fluorescent molecules. We determine information-theoretical limits and show via Monte Carlo simulations that the hidden Markov model analysis approaches these theoretical limits. This technique has resolving power of one fluorescing unit up to as many as 30 fluorescent dyes with the appropriate choice of dye and adequate detection capability. We discuss the general utility of this method for determining aggregation-state distributions as could appear in many biologically important systems and its adaptability to general photometric experiments.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 09/2006; 110(33):16366-76. · 3.70 Impact Factor
