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Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 09/2012; 33(9):983-7.
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ABSTRACT: We conducted systematic review as well as meta-analyses on the association between particulate matter and daily stroke attack from a number of epidemiologic studies.
Twelve quantitative studies about the associations between particulate matter and stroke attack met the inclusive criteria. We evaluated the odds ratio (OR) of stroke attack associated with per 10 μg/m(3) increase of the concentration of PM(10) (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) or PM(2.5) (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) as effect scale, and a sensitivity analysis for the results was conducted.
In the time-series design, PM(10) exposure wasn't related to an increased risk of daily stroke attack [OR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.002, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.999~1.005], PM(2.5) exposure were related to an increased risk of daily stroke attack (OR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.006, 95%CI: 1.002~1.010]; but in the case-crossover studies, PM(10) exposure was related to increase in risk of daily stroke attack (OR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.028, 95%CI: 1.001~1.057). PM(2.5) exposure was not significant association with daily stroke attack (OR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.016, 95%CI: 0.937~1.097). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results for PM(10) , PM(2.5) and daily stroke attack were robust in the time-series design.
We found some evidence for an effect of air pollutants on stroke attack risk.
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 06/2012; 18(6):501-8. · 4.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations between particulate air pollution (PM(10), PM(2.5)) and stroke daily attack or mortality. METHODS: Meta-analysis method was used to polysynthetically analyze 16 quantitative studies about the associations between particulate air pollution and stroke daily attack or mortality. The relative odds ratio (OR)of stroke attack or mortality associated with per 10 µg/m(3) increase of particulate matter concentration was used as effective value, taking a sensitivity analysis for the results. RESULTS: A 10 µg/m(3) increase in PM(10) was associated with a 1.09% (95%CI: 0.10% - 2.08%) increase in stroke daily attack (OR = 1.011, 95%CI: 1.001 - 1.021) and 0.70% (95%CI: 0.60% - 0.80%) increase in stroke daily mortality (OR = 1.007, 95%CI: 1.006 - 1.008). The results of sensitivity analysis supported above results. As for PM(2.5) OR appeared to be 1.001 (95%CI: 0.992 - 1.010) with a 10 µ g/m(3) increase in stroke daily attack and 1.052 (95%CI: 0.958 - 1.154) for daily mortality. CONCLUSION: There are positive associations between PM(10) and stroke daily attack and mortality, increase of PM(2.5) was not associated with stroke attack and mortality.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 11/2010; 31(11):1300-1305.
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ABSTRACT: To explore the relationship between air pollution and acute onset of cerebral hemorrhage in Hangzhou.
Time-stratified case-crossover study was used to analyze the effect of aerosol optical depth (AOD), PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) on the acute onset of cerebral hemorrhage. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in relation to an increase of one unit of AOD and 10 microg/m(3) of air pollutants.
After adjusted temperature and relative humidity, the ORs of acute onset of cerebral hemorrhage by a unit increase in AOD at a 2 day-lag were 1.727 (95%CI: 1.103 - 2.703) in first half year and 2.412 (95%CI: 1.230 - 4.733) at a 2 day-lag in spring. For a 10 microg/m(3) increase in SO(2), the ORs were 1.119 (95%CI: 1.019 - 1.229), 1.230 (95%CI: 1.092 - 1.386), 1.254 (95%CI: 1.076 - 1.460) in the whole year (2 day-lag), in first half year (2 day-lag) and in spring (2 day-lag), respectively. NO(2) exposure in first half year (2 day-lag) was associated with cerebral hemorrhage, with OR as 0.841 (95%CI: 0.734 - 0.964). However, there were no statistical significances for AOD, SO(2), NO(2) in the rest time-periods (P > 0.05). Additionally, no association was found between PM(10) and the acute onset of cerebral hemorrhage in any time-periods (P > 0.05).
Our data showed that there was association between air pollution and the acute onset of cerebral hemorrhage, especially in spring and in the first half of the year.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 08/2009; 30(8):816-9.
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ABSTRACT: Through the multi-stage hierarchical Bayesian model and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, Bayesian statistics can be used in dependent spatial data analysis, including disease mapping in small areas, disease clustering, and geographical correlation studies. Recently, Bayesian spatial models have been developed with many types, which have made considerable progress in data analysis. This paper introduces several approaches that have been fully developed and applied, such as BYM model,joint model, semi-parameter model, moving average model and so on. Recently,many studies focused on the comparison work through Deviance Information criterion. Those results show that BYM model and MIX model of semi-parameter model could obtain better results. As more research going on, Bayesian statistics will have more space in applications of spatial epidemiology.
Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences 12/2008; 37(6):642-7.
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ABSTRACT: To determine if there are excessive risks of malignant tumors or not among workers exposed to asbestos by applying a meta-analysis technique.
All data meeting the criteria of cohort studies on cancer mortality of digestive system among workers exposed to asbestos would be incorporated into the meta-analysis. The pooled standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for main cancer sites of digestive system were calculated by using two approaches of un-weighted ratio and random effects model. The heterogeneity and its sources of the results were examined with a Q-statistic and Z-score test.
69 asbestos-exposed cohorts were summarized. The significantly elevated meta-SMR for all deaths (1.16), all cancers (1.42), cancer of digestive system (1.15) and cancer of stomach (1.20) among workers exposed to chrysotile alone or mixed asbestos were observed (P < 0.01). The stomach cancer SMR was significantly increased in the asbestos cement workers, the screening mine workers and the insulators, (1.27, 1.21 and 2.13 respectively) (P < 0.05). meta-SMR for cancers at other sites of digestive system including esophagus, colon, rectum and liver were not significant.
There are likely excessive risks of cancer of stomach among workers exposed to asbestos. However, there is likely no convincing indication of an etiological association between asbestos exposure and cancers at other sites of digestive system.
Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases 10/2008; 26(10):605-8.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the short-term effect of particulate matter in air on the mortality of stroke.
Using time-stratified case-crossover study design, an association was examined between stroke mortality and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of < 10 microm (PM10) of 2002 - 2004 in Hangzhou city. Meanwhile, the acute health effect of other gaseous pollutants (sulfur dioxide, SO2 and nitrogen dioxide, NO2) was also analyzed.
A total of 9906 deaths of stroke were included. The crude stroke mortality was 83.54 per 100 000. After being adjusted for meteorological factors, when an increase of 10 microg/m3 in PM10, SO2 and NO2 in three days was noticed, it appeared that the increases of mortality of stroke were 0.56% (95% CI: 0.14%-0.99%), 1.62% (95% CI: 0.26% - 3.01%) and 2.07% (95% CI: 0.54% - 3.62%) respectively. There was no distinct association in multi-pollutant models. In sensitivity analysis, the associations were found in all single-pollutant models but not statistically significant in multi-pollutant models after replacing the missing values.
It is suggested that the short-term elevation in PM10 as well as SO2 and NO2 daily concentrations were related to the increase of stroke mortality in Hangzhou city.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 10/2008; 29(9):878-81.
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ABSTRACT: To introduce the basic concept of scan statistic, its computation method and application in the area of spatial epidemiology. Retrospective space-time permutation statistics for evaluating the clustering of disease monitoring program is illustrated, using data on recent acute onset of cardiovascular disease in Hangzhou, China. Calculations were performed with SaTScan Version 7.0.3. With 999 Monte Carlo replications, the program took 5 seconds to run on a 100-MHz Pentium PC. The geographical surveillance program on acute onset clusters of cardiovascular disease, data which showed statistical significance, would include: a) from January 1, 1997 to February 28, 2007 in Qiantan township, Jiande county (P = 0.001); b) highly significant between January 1, 1997 and February 28, 1999 for Lushan street, Lingqiao township in Fuyang county (P = 0.003); c) between March 1, 2001 and February 29, 2004 for Dayuan town, Xinyi town, Shouxiang town in Fuyang (P = 0.004); d) between March 1, 2004 and Feb 28, 2006 for Chengzhan street, Ziyang street, Hubin street, Qinbo street, Xiaoying street, Wangjiang street, Chaoming street, Changqing street, Wulin street, Tianshui street, Wenhui street and Shiqiao street in Hangzhou (P = 0.005), respectively. The retrospective space-time permutation statistics seems useful as a screening tool for identifying the cluster of disease. Scan statistics are practical and effective method for deciding which cluster alarms would merit further investigation and which clusters are probably chance occurrences in the study of spatial epidemiology.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 09/2008; 29(8):828-31.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the present situation of root canal treatment (RCT) applied by the endodontists in the major hospitals of Zhejiang province.
Dentists in different hospitals were asked to fill in the questionnaire, which included the methods and factors of the first-choice treatment of endodontic diseases, instruments and materials used in RCT. The data were analysed by descriptive analysis and Mann-Whiteney U test using SPSS12.0 software package.
410 effective questionnaires from 76 different hospitals were received. The reply rate was 91.1%. RCT was performed as the first-choice of endodontic treatment in 93.5% of total 410 dentists. And 90.2% of them used hand instruments to prepare root canals. Push-pull or stepback technique was widely used in anterior or posterior root canal preparation. Hydrogen peroxide was adopted to irrigate root canal by the majority of respondents (88.3%). Nearly half of the respondents used camphorate phenol as intracanal medicine. 77.6% of them adopted cold lateral condensation technique and 32.7% of them used gutta-percha mixing with iodoform for canal obturation. 74.6% of them applied one-visit endodontic treatment sometime and prescribed antibiotics or hormone to the patients after RCT.
Although RCT has been widely used in endodontic diseases by dentists in Zhejiang province, some advanced techniques and new materials still need to be adopted and refined.
Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology 03/2007; 16(1):11-4.
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ABSTRACT: To explore the association between the effort-reward imbalance at work and depressive symptoms among healthcare workers.
The effort-reward imbalance at work was conceptualized in terms of the Chinese version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Chinese version of the Center of Epidemiology Survey Depression (CES-D) scale. The data came from the cross-sectional survey of 1 179 healthcare workers aged between 18 and 73 employed in 6 affiliated hospitals of Zhejiang University. The questionnaire comprised questions on the effort-reward at work, over-commitment, the full CES-D scale of depression and a range of other characteristics. Univariate analyses were used with Spearman's correlation, Mann-Whitney test, Pearson chi(2) test and likelihood chi(2) test. Multivariate logistic regression analyses was used to discover factors associated with depressive symptoms.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms among healthcare workers was 48.12% (95% CI: 45.08% to 51.16%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms among nurses was 52.40% (95% CI: 47.87% to 56.93%) higher than doctors' 44.70% (95% CI: 10.64% to 48.77%) with the significant difference (chi(2) = 6.077, P = 0.014). Positive associations were found between the high effort-low reward, level of work-related over commitment and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.859, 95% CI: 1.337 to 2.585; OR = 2.207, 95% CI: 1.656 to 2.942) among healthcare workers, respectively.
The high effort-low reward and the work-related over-commitment have a negative impact on healthcare workers' health.
Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases 09/2006; 24(8):454-7.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate reliability and validity of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) in the Chinese version.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted comprising a large sample of 4782 subjects in China, using ERI in the Chinese version. This scale contained 23 scaled items while the questionnaire including questions on the effort and reward at work, over-commitment, the full CES-D scale of depression and a range of other characteristics. Reliability analysis was applied to evaluate reliability of the ERI scale in the Chinese version and factor analysis was applied to analyze validity of the scale.
Theoretical hypothesis on the ERI model was supported by the data derived in this study. Reliability and validity of the effort sub-scale, the reward sub-scale of the ERI scale in the Chinese version seemed to be better, but reliability and validity of the over-commitment sub-scale were not perfect.
The results of the study showed that the effort sub-scale, the reward sub-scale of the ERI in the Chinese version was applicable to the Chinese population but the scaled items of the over-commitment sub-scale should be further modified.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 02/2006; 27(1):25-8.
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ABSTRACT: To study the value of Hounsfield unit (HU) on CT in prediction of stone-free rate of upper urinary calculi after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL).
Fifty-two patients suffering from solitary stone in the upper urinary tract 0.5 - 1.5 cm in size, 34 males and 18 females, aged 15 - 77, underwent non-contrast helical computerized tomography (NCHCT), and then ESWL. One day, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months after the ESWL the patients underwent kidney, ureter, and bladder examination and B mode ultrasonography. The patients with the residual fragments less than 3 mm in size were categorized into the stone-free group. The relationship among the HU, number of shock wave, and the characteristics of the patients were analyzed.
Thirty-six of the 52 patients were categorized into the stone-free group (69.2%) and 16 of the 52 were categorized into the residual stone group (30.8%). The CT value of the stone-free group was 579.65 +/- 194.65 HU, significantly lower than that of the residual stone group (1032.18 +/- 270.49 HU, t = 6.842, P < 0.01). The number of shock wave of the stone-free group was 1526.67 +/- 723.01, significantly lower than that of the residual stone group (2612.50 +/- 518.81, t = 5.407, P < 0.01). The OR values for the HU and number of shock wave were 0.993 (95% CI: 0.988 - 0.998) and 0.998 (95% CI: 0.997 - 1.000).
The HU value on pretreatment NCHCT of the upper urinary tract stones can be used to predict the stone-free rate after ESWL. ESWL is not indicated to the patients of upper urinary tract stones with high values of HU.
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 01/2006; 86(4):276-8.
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Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases 07/2005; 23(3):232-4.
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ABSTRACT: To detect the relations between incidence rate of the epidemical encephalitis B and related factors, to provide a simple, valid and practical new method for forecasting encephalitis B eipdemics.
Connection number between the incidence rate of encephalitis B and the historical forecast factors was computed, before ranking the first, second and the third principal factor, to remove the factor with the smallest value in the light of the connection number before comparing the newest value of forecast factors with the same kind of history while the most nearly value becoming the forecasting factor value and to establish a forecasting equation according to the factor value and the consistent degree of the incidence rate of encephalitis B at that time. Finally, to put into the new factor value to get this forecast value under this equation. Assuming that there are n' (n' >or= 2) forecast factors, this time forecast value can then be directly obtained from the average of these estimate values.
Using above forecast method to forecast the incidence rate of encephalitis B at certain place and year, the predicting value is very much close to the actual incidence rate. Difference between the predicting value forecasted by the above-mentioned method and the actual incidence rate is only 0.0264/100 000 with an accurate rate of 97.94%.
This principal factor analysis forecast method based on connection number in forecasting the incidence rate of encephalitis B prevention is acceptable.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 04/2005; 26(3):218-20.
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ABSTRACT: To determine whether there was excessive risk of cancer among workers exposed to chrysotile fiber alone by applying a meta-analysis technique.
All data meeting the criteria of cohort studies on cancer mortality among workers exposed only to chrysotile were incorporated into meta-analysis. Pooled standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for main cancer sites were calculated using two approaches of unweighted ratio and random effect model. The heterogeneity and its sources of the results were examined with a Q-statistic and Z-score test. The dose-response effect as reflected in the percentage of all deaths due to mesothelioma served as a proxy measure of chrysotile exposure.
A cohort of twenty six workers exposed to chrysotile alone was summarized. The significantly elevated meta-SMRs for all deaths (1.27), all cancers (1.28), cancers of respiratory organs (2.51), cancers of lung (2.35) and cancers of stomach (1.24) were observed. The significantly elevated meta-SMRs for lung cancer within occupational strata were observed among textile workers (3.55), asbestos product manufacturers (3.30), miners and millers (2.24), cement product workers (1.22), and for stomach cancer among asbestos product manufacturers (1.49). Meta-SMRs for cancers at other sites were not significant. Meta-SMR for lung cancer showed an increasing trend with an elevated percentage of all deaths from mesothelioma, but no such trend for stomach cancer.
There are excessive risks of lung cancer and mesothelioma among workers exposed to chrysotile fiber alone, and likely no convincing indication of an etiological association between chrysotile exposure and cancers at other sites.
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 01/2005; 17(4):459-68. · 1.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine there was excessive risk of malignant tumors or not among workers exposure to chrysotile fiber alone by applying a meta-analysis technique.
All data meeting the criteria of cohort studies on cancer mortality among workers exposed only to chrysotile would incorporate into the meta-analysis. The pooled standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for main cancer sites were calculated using two approaches of unweighted ratio and random effects model. The heterogeneity and its sources of the results were examined with a Q-statistic and Z-score test.
26 chrysotile-exposed alone cohorts were summarized. The significantly elevated meta-SMRs for all deaths (1.28), all cancers (1.26), cancers of respiratory organs (2.24), cancer of lung (2.29) and cancer of stomach (1.27) were observed. The significantly elevated meta-SMRs for lung cancer within occupational strata were observed among textile workers (3.64), asbestos products manufacturers (3.07), miners and millers (2.24), cement products workers (1.22), and for stomach cancer among asbestos products manufacturers (1.48). Meta-SMRs for cancers at other sites were not significant.
There were excessive risks of lung cancer and mesothelioma among workers exposure to chrysotile fiber alone, and likely no convincing indication of an etiological association between chrysotile exposure and cancers at other sites.
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] 02/2004; 38(1):39-42.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the morbidity and potential risk factors of chronic diabetic complication in Zhejiang province.
In the paper the morbidity of diabetic chronic complication was illustrated, using descriptive statistics. The potential risk factors of diabetic chronic complication were studied with logistic regression modeling, using data from a large retrospective study involving 1083 patients from two hospitals in Zhejiang province.
Principal chronic diabetic complications were found to be cardiovascular diseases, ophthalmic diseases, nephropathy, esthetic diseases, plant nerve diseases, cerebral blood vessel diseases, limbsblood vessel diseases and athletic nerve diseases. The principal potential risk factors would include the courses of diabetes and hypertension, age, age being diagnosed, blood pressure, baseline blood glucose, two hour blood glucose after dietary, HBAIC, nitroglycerine, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
The analytic method used in the paper was fit for the study of morbidity and potential risk factors of other chronic diseases complication and the discriminant function could be built for clinical diagnosis.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 02/2004; 25(1):60-4.
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ABSTRACT: To calculate the latent period of lung cancer induced by air pollution.
The degree of grey incidence (DGI) between the concentrations of TSP or SO(2) and the mortality of lung cancer were assessed through a grey system model. According to the maximum values of DGI, the total latent period of lung cancer was calculated. Data was collected in H city.
The maximum DGI value of TSP was 0.886 while the relationship between the comparison sequence from 1985 to 1989 and the reference sequence from 1994 to 1998 was greatly correlated. The maximum DGI value of SO(2) was 0.919 while the relationship between the comparison sequence from 1986 to 1990 and the reference sequence from 1994 to 1998 was most correlated.
The latent periods of lung cancer induced by TSP and SO(2) were 7 and 8 years respectively in H city. The model of grey system was less affected by the confounding factors, and the calculation process was relatively simple. A feasible and useful new way was provided by the model of grey system for quantitative analysis of the latent period of lung cancer induced by air pollutants.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 04/2003; 24(3):233-5.
