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ABSTRACT: A series of safety assessments were performed on hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin prepared by converting the reducing terminal glucose of resistant maltodextrin into sorbitol. The reverse mutation assay did not show mutagenicity. Acute and 90-day subchronic oral toxicity studies in rats showed no death was observed in any groups, including the group receiving the highest single dose of 10 g/kg body weight or the highest dose of 5 g/kg body weight per day for 90 days. Mucous or watery stools were observed in the hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin treatment group on the acute study, which were transient and were associated with the osmotic pressure caused by intake of the high concentrations. Subchronic study showed dose-dependent increases in the weights of cecum alone, cecal contents alone, and cecum with cecal contents as well as hypertrophy of the cecal mucosal epithelium, which are considered to be common physiological responses after intake of indigestible carbohydrates. These results indicated that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin was 10 g/kg body weight or more on the acute oral toxicity study and 5.0 g/kg body weight/day or more on the 90-day subchronic repeated oral toxicity study in rats. Further study performed in healthy adult humans showed that the acute no-effect level of hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin for diarrhea was 0.8 g/kg body weight for men and more than 1.0 g/kg body weight for women. The results of the current safety assessment studies suggest that hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin is safe for human consumption.
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences 01/2013; 38(3):459-70. · 1.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Resistant maltodextrin (RMD) is a soluble dietary fiber ingredient whose physiological functions are well recognized in Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU) for maintaining healthy intestinal regularity, blood glucose levels, and serum lipids. However, its efficacy on combined health risks-metabolic syndrome-was not studied yet. In this study the efficacy of RMD on humans with metabolic syndrome was investigated. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group trial was conducted. Thirty subjects with metabolic syndrome were randomly allocated into 2 groups and took either tea containing 9 g of RMD (treatment group) or placebo tea at three mealtimes daily for 12 wk. Blood was collected and body fat was scanned periodically. In the RMD treatment group, waist circumference, visceral fat area, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-R and serum triacylglycerol (TG) were significantly decreased compared to baseline, and significant time-by-treatment interaction was observed for waist circumference, visceral fat area, HOMA-R and serum TG (p=0.044, p=0.012, p=0.032, and p=0.049, respectively). The change ratio of visceral fat area showed negative statistical correlation with the baseline value (p=0.033), suggesting that efficacy of RMD was emphasized in the subjects having a larger visceral fat area. After the 12-wk RMD treatment, the total number of metabolic syndrome risk factors decreased to 20 from 32 with 2 subjects having no risks, while that of the placebo group decreased to 25 from 32. These findings suggest that continuous ingestion of RMD may improve the risk factors of metabolic syndrome by reducing visceral fat and improving glucose and lipid metabolism.
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 01/2012; 58(6):423-30. · 1.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Total nondigestible carbohydrate (NDC) in foods was determined by combining, not modifications, AOAC Official Methods 991.43, 2001.03, and 2002.02. Total NDC included insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) + high-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber (HMWSDF), nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) not precipitated in ethanol solution, and resistant starch (RS). Eight sources of NDC (cellulose, wheat bran, gum arabic, resistant maltodextrin, polydextrose, fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharides, and RS) were incorporated in different combinations into standard formula bread samples. All of the NDC sources and bread samples were analyzed for their (1) IDF + HMWSDF content with corrections for residual RS amount using AOAC Official Method 991.43, (2) NDO by liquid chromatography (LC) in AOAC Official Method 2001.03, and (3) RS by AOAC Official Method 2002.02. The correlation coefficient (R(2)) comparing calculated amounts versus measured amounts of total NDC in 11 bread samples was 0.92. Analysis of commercial food samples was also well matched with the DF + NDO value on their nutritional label. Consequently, we confirmed a single measurement of LC can determine all NDO in foods, and total NDC in foods can be determined by unifying existing AOAC Official Methods.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 09/2009; 57(17):7659-65. · 2.82 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Resistant maltodextrin has been shown to increase fecal bulk by resisting digestion and being partially fermented by colonic bacteria to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The objective of this experiment was to determine potential prebiotic effects, gastrointestinal tolerance, and fecal characteristics of free-living humans fed a novel resistant maltodextrin or a normal maltodextrin control.
Subjects (n = 38) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind study where they were assigned to one of three daily treatments: 15 g maltodextrin; 7.5 g maltodextrin plus 7.5 g resistant maltodextrin (Fibersol-2; Matsutani Chemical Company, Hyogo, Japan); and 15 g resistant maltodextrin. The experiment lasted 7 wk and consisted of a 2 wk baseline period, a 3 wk treatment period, and a 2 wk washout period. During wk 3 to 5 (treatment period), subjects consumed their assigned treatments.
Resistant maltodextrin supplementation tended to increase (p = 0.12) fecal Bifidobacterium populations during the treatment period, altered (p < 0.05) bacterial populations from baseline to treatment, and resulted in very minor effects in gastrointestinal tolerance. There was a shift (p < 0.05) in molar proportions of SCFA towards butyrate, the preferred energy substrate of colonocytes.
Resistant maltodextrin supplementation was well tolerated, resulted in favorable fermentation characteristics in the large bowel, and also resulted in a change in bacterial populations.
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 04/2008; 27(2):356-66. · 2.29 Impact Factor
