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ABSTRACT: A new monotypic genus in the Boletaceae, Borofutus, typified by B. dhakanus, is described using morphological and molecular evidence. This is a putatively ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Shorea robusta. Borofutus is characterized by the combination of the following characters: basidiomata small to medium-sized; pileus grayish brown to cocoa brown; hymenophore subdecurrent, cream then golden brown, with broad, nearly hexagonal pores; basidiospores purple to purplish red in water, ornamented with irregular to regular shallow pits; cystidia lageniform, thick-walled. Borofutus is sister to Spongiforma in molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of single or multiple loci. A description, line drawings, phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa are presented herein.
Fungal diversity 10/2012; 58(1):215-226. · 4.77 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The wild gourmet mushroom Boletus edulis and its close allies are of significant ecological and economic importance. They are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but despite their ubiquity there are still many unresolved issues with regard to the taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of this group of mushrooms. Most phylogenetic studies of Boletus so far have characterized samples from North America and Europe and little information is available on samples from other areas, including the ecologically and geographically diverse regions of China. Here we analyzed DNA sequence variation in three gene markers from samples of these mushrooms from across China and compared our findings with those from other representative regions. Our results revealed fifteen novel phylogenetic species (about one-third of the known species) and a newly identified lineage represented by Boletus sp. HKAS71346 from tropical Asia. The phylogenetic analyses support eastern Asia as the center of diversity for the porcini sensu stricto clade. Within this clade, B. edulis is the only known holarctic species. The majority of the other phylogenetic species are geographically restricted in their distributions. Furthermore, molecular dating and geological evidence suggest that this group of mushrooms originated during the Eocene in eastern Asia, followed by dispersal to and subsequent speciation in other parts of Asia, Europe, and the Americas from the middle Miocene through the early Pliocene. In contrast to the ancient dispersal of porcini in the strict sense in the Northern Hemisphere, the occurrence of B. reticulatus and B. edulis sensu lato in the Southern Hemisphere was probably due to recent human-mediated introductions. Copyright: ß 2012 Feng et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding:
PLoS ONE 05/2012; 7(5):e37567. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A new distinct genus of Boletales, Zangia, with phenotypic similarities to the genus Tylopilus, is proposed based on molecular and morphological data. The monophyly of Zangia was highly supported using two nuclear and three mitochondrial genes based on Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian
analyses. Morphologically, Zangia is distinguished from other boletoid lineages by its combination of rugose pileus, pinkish to pink hymenophore, pink to pinkish
brown spore deposit, pink scabrous squamules on the stipe, chrome yellow to golden yellow stipe base, chrome yellow to golden
yellow mycelia on the base of the stipe, ixohyphoepithelium pileipellis, glabrous spores and bluish colour changes in the
stipe in some species. Geographically, Zangia is currently only known from southern, southeastern and southwestern China under forests dominated by Fagaceae mixed with
Pinaceae. Six species, including 4 new ones and 2 new combinations, are fully documented with taxonomic descriptions and illustrations.
A key to the species in Zangia is provided. It is suggested that some of the species might have started diverging from each other relatively recently with
the uplifts of the eastern Himalayas and Hengduan Mountains, and both the mycorrhizal host specificity or preference and geographic
separation could contribute to their ongoing divergence.
KeywordsBoletes–Mycorrhizal fungi–Taxonomy–Phylogeny–Distribution
Fungal diversity 04/2012; 49(1):125-143. · 4.77 Impact Factor
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PLoS ONE 01/2012; 7(8). · 4.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Effective conservation and utilization strategies for natural biological resources require a clear understanding of the natural populations of the target organisms. Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal mushroom that forms symbiotic associations with plants and plays an important ecological role in natural forest ecosystems in many parts of the world. It is also an economically very important gourmet mushroom. Because no artificial cultivation is available, natural populations of this species are under increasing threats, primarily from habitat disturbance and destruction. Despite its economical and ecological importance, little is known about its genetics and population biology. Here, using 14 polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism markers, we analysed 154 strains from 17 geographical locations in southwestern China, a region where over 25% of the global T. matsutake harvest comes from. Our results revealed abundant genetic variation within individual populations. The analyses of gene and genotype frequencies within populations indicated that most loci did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in most populations and that alleles among loci were in linkage equilibrium in the majority of the local populations. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that sexual reproduction and recombination play an important role in natural populations of this species. Our analyses indicated low but significant genetic differentiation among the geographical populations, with a significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. We discuss the implications of our results to the ecology and resource management of this species.
Molecular Ecology 04/2008; 17(5):1238-47. · 5.52 Impact Factor
