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ABSTRACT: A patient is considered to have tumour of unknown primary origin when a tumour is detected at one or more metastatic sites and routine evaluation fails to identify a primary tumour. Metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary origin constitutes 3-15% of all cancers and poses a major diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, because cancer treatment is typically directed at the specific primary tissue type. The regression or dormancy of the primary tumour, the development of early, uncommon systemic metastases and the resistance to therapy are hallmark of this heterogeneous clinical entity. Still no consensus exists on whether cancer of unknown primary site is simply a group of metastatic primaries or a distinct entity with specific genetic and phenotypic characteristics that define it as "primary metastatic disease". In this review we briefly highlight the biologic behaviour and genetic aberrations of unknown primary tumours.
Journal of the Indian Medical Association 11/2011; 109(11):812-4.
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ABSTRACT: Aim: Cytopathology of skin has been documented to be useful in the diagnosis of several skin lesions. This study aims to evaluate cytopathology as a quick non-invasive method for early diagnosis of bullous lesions, neoplastic and preneoplastic skin lesions and to correlate the clinical, cytological and histopathological findings of various skin lesions. Materials and Methods: Eighty five patients of skin lesions were included in the study. Skin scraping, Tzanck smears, slit smears and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were done to obtain material for cytological examination. Excisional biopsy, incisional biopsy and punch biopsy were done to obtain tissue for histopathological examination. The slides were stained with routine stains and special stains as and when required. Results: Of the 85 patients, 45 were males and 40 females. The most common non-neoplastic lesions observed were vesicobullous lesions which comprised of 41 cases followed by neoplastic lesions which consisted of 24 cases, of which six were benign and 18 malignant. Concordant results between cytology and histopathology was seen in majority (91.7%) of lesions studied. Conclusion: Cytology (scrape/imprint/slit smears and FNAC), performed skillfully and with perfection, leads to an early diagnosis in majority of the lesions, as the observed cytomorphological features of various skin lesions were fairly distinctive making cytology a fairly sensitive ′patient compliant′ technique for rapid diagnosis of skin lesions.
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: Aim: This study was undertaken to assess the role of image-guided, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal and spinal lesions. Materials and Methods: Over a period of one year, ultrasonography and computerized tomography-guided FNAC was performed in 55 cases who had presented clinically with signs and symptoms related to the retroperitoneum and spine. Histopathological confirmation was available in 27 out of 55 cases. Results: Of the 55 cases, 39 were males and 16 were females. Malignant and benign lesions accounted for 58.2 and 29.1% respectively. Among the cases on whom radiologically guided FNAC was performed, the spine contributed the largest proportion of cases (32.7%), followed by renal lesions (20%). Among the malignant lesions, renal cell carcinoma was the most commonly found malignancy, followed by metastasis to the spine. In the benign and inflammatory category, tuberculosis of the spine and the lymph nodes was the most common lesion accounting for 68.7% of all cases. On correlating clinical, radiological, and cytologic features, the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of guided FNAC obtained in this study were 97.1, 84.2, and 92.4% respectively. Conclusions: Radiologically guided FNAC is a fairly accurate and safe procedure in diagnosing the most difficult cases in the region of the retroperitoneum and the spine.
Journal of Cytology. 01/2008;
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ABSTRACT: Cervical lymphnodal metastases from unsuspected primary melanoma is a particularly refractory clinical diagnostic situation. Judicious use of FNAC may render the correct diagnosis if discriminant criteria are strictly adhered to. Two cases with enlarged cervical lymphnodes, diagnosed as metastatic malignant melanoma on cytology, are reported.
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 04/2006; 58(2):206-7. · 0.03 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the assessment of unexplained infertility the evaluation of seminal characteristics is primary and paramount, as far as the male is concerned. We present in this article our experience with semen analyses of 100 infertile males. The collection and examination were according to standardized and well accepted methodology. We found that majority of infertile men were within the age interval of 26-30 years, and had been married for 1-3 years, when they first submitted themselves for fertility assessment. The physical parameters were found to be important, in that they in many patients pointed towards a specific physical cause; depletion in semen volume, altered colour, and pH changes were found especially informative. We also found the microscopic arm of semen analyses very useful in pin-pointing existing deficits in the male. Some significant correlations were also observed between abnormal microscopic parameters and clinical conditions. The results are discussed.
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 02/2003; 46(1):44-6. · 0.68 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cytopathology of skin has been documented to be useful in the diagnosis of several skin lesions. This study aims to evaluate cytopathology as a quick non-invasive method for early diagnosis of bullous lesions, neoplastic and preneoplastic skin lesions and to correlate the clinical, cytological and histopathological findings of various skin lesions.
Eighty five patients of skin lesions were included in the study. Skin scraping, Tzanck smears, slit smears and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were done to obtain material for cytological examination. Excisional biopsy, incisional biopsy and punch biopsy were done to obtain tissue for histopathological examination. The slides were stained with routine stains and special stains as and when required.
Of the 85 patients, 45 were males and 40 females. The most common non-neoplastic lesions observed were vesicobullous lesions which comprised of 41 cases followed by neoplastic lesions which consisted of 24 cases, of which six were benign and 18 malignant. Concordant results between cytology and histopathology was seen in majority (91.7%) of lesions studied.
Cytology (scrape/imprint/slit smears and FNAC), performed skillfully and with perfection, leads to an early diagnosis in majority of the lesions, as the observed cytomorphological features of various skin lesions were fairly distinctive making cytology a fairly sensitive 'patient compliant' technique for rapid diagnosis of skin lesions.
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 53(1):41-6. · 0.68 Impact Factor
