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ABSTRACT: Gibberellins (GAs) are a group of phytohormones that control many developmental processes in higher plants. We report the cloning and expression pattern of gibberellin biosynthesis genes from a new GA-producing fungus, Fusarium proliferatum (strain KGL0401). These genes sequences are deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under accession numbers EF119831, EF119832, DQ313173, DQ313174, DQ313175, DQ313176, and DQ313177. The expression level of these genes was maximal at a 0.5 M : 0.17 M carbon : nitrogen ratio, and minimal at a 0.25 M : 0.47 M carbon : nitrogen ratio.
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 05/2013; 23(5):623-9. · 1.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The present study concerned the identification and characterization of a novel bacterial strain isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes collected from different regions in Korea. The bacterial isolate M1021 was Gramnegative, bioluminescent, and produced red colonies on MacConkey agar medium. A rod-shaped structure was confirmed by the electron micrograph. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by using the Sherlock MIDI system. The identification was further supported by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, which revealed 96-99% sequence homology with strains of Photorhabdus temperata. The location of the isolated strain of P. temperata in the phylogenetic tree was confirmed and it was named P. temperata M1021. P. temperata M1021 exhibited catalase, protease, and lipase activities when grown on appropriate media supplemented with respective substrates. The culture of P. temperata M1021 exhibited insecticidal activity against the larvae of Galleria mellonella and the activity was the highest after 3-4 days of cultivation with agitating at 28 degrees C under 220 rpm. Antibacterial activity was also observed against Salmonella Typhimurium KCTC 1926 and Micrococcus luteus KACC 10488.
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 12/2012; 22(12):1605-1612. · 1.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) producing gibberellins (GAs) can be beneficial to plant growth and development. In the present study, we isolated and screened a new strain of Promicromonospora sp., SE188, isolated from soil. Promicromonospora sp. SE188 secreted GAs into its growth medium and exhibited phosphate solubilization potential. The PGPR produced physiologically active (GA(1) and GA(4)) and inactive (GA(9), GA(12), GA(19), GA(20), GA(24), GA(34), and GA(53)) GAs in various quantities detected by GC/MS-SIM. Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) plants inoculated with Promicromonospora sp. SE188 showed a significantly higher shoot length and biomass as compared to controls where PGPR-free nutrient broth (NB) and distilled water (DW) were applied to plants. The presence of Promicromonospora sp. SE188 significantly up-regulated the non C-13 hydroxylation GA biosynthesis pathway (GA(12)→GA(24)→GA(9)→GA(4)→ GA(34)) in the tomato plants as compared to the NB and DW control plants. Abscisic acid, a plant stress hormone, was significantly down-regulated in the presence of Promicromonospora sp. SE188. Contrarily, salicylic acid was significantly higher in the tomato plant after Promicromonospora sp. SE188 inoculation as compared to the controls. Promicromonospora sp. SE188 showed promising stimulation of tomato plant growth. From the results it appears that Promicromonospora sp. SE188 has potential as a bio-fertilizer and should be more broadly tested in field trials for higher crop production in eco-friendly farming systems.
The Journal of Microbiology 12/2012; 50(6):902-9. · 1.10 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Endophytic fungi were isolated from roots of six halophytes in Suncheon Bay. The endophytic fungi of 35 species isolated from halophytes were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) containing the ITS1, 5.8s, and ITS2 regions. All fungal strains were analyzed to diversity at the genus level. Fungal culture filtrates (FCF) of endophytic fungi were treated to Waito-c rice (WR) seedling for plant growth-promoting verification. It was confirmed that fungal strain Sj-2-2 provided plant growth promotion (PGP) to WR seedling. Then, PGP of Suaeda japonica was confirmed by treating culture filtrate of Sj-2-2. As a result, it was verified that culture filtrate of Sj-2-2 had more advanced PGP than positive control when treated to S. japonica. The secondary metabolites involved in culture filtrate of Sj-2-2 were identified by HPLC and GC-MS SIM analysis. The presence of physiologically bioactive gibberellins (GAs) and other inactive GAs in culture filtrate of Sj-2-2 was detected. The molecular analysis of sequences of Sj-2-2 showed the similarity to Penicillium sp. of 99% homology. The PGP of Sj-2-2 as well as symbiosis between endophytic fungi and halophytes growing naturally in salt marsh was confirmed. Sj-2-2 was identified as a new fungal strain producing GAs by molecular analysis of sequences. Consequently, the Sj-2-2 fungal strain was named as Penicillium sp. Sj-2-2. In this study, the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from roots of halophytes in salt marsh and the PGP of a new gibberellin-producing fungal strain were confirmed.
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 11/2012; 22(11):1549-56. · 1.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Fourteen endophytic fungi with different colony morphologies were isolated from the roots of Calystegia soldanella. Endophytic fungi isolated from C. soldanella were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. To verify plant growth promotion (PGP), culture filtrates of isolated endophytic fungi were treated in Waito-c rice (WR) and C. soldanella seedlings. Culture filtrates of Cs-8-1 fungal strain had advanced PGP activity. The presence of physiologically bioactive gibberellins (GA) GA(1) (1.213 ng/ml), GA(3) (1.292 ng/ml), GA(4) (3.6 ng/ml), GA(7) (1.328 ng/ml), other inactive GA(9) (0.796 ng/ml) and GA(12) (0.417 ng/ml), GA(20) (0.302 ng/ml), GA(24) (1.351 ng/ml), GA(34) (0.076 ng/ml), and GA(53) (0.051 ng/ml) in culture filtrates of Cs-8-1 fungal strain was detected. The Cs-8-1 fungal strain was confirmed as a producer of GAs. Molecular analysis of sequences showed high similarity of 99% to Cadophora malorum. Consequentially, the Cs-8-1 fungal strain was identified as a new C. malorum producing GAs. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim).
Journal of Basic Microbiology 09/2012; · 1.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Endophytic fungi are known to play a vital role in the growth and development of their host plants. We isolated eleven endophytic
fungi from the roots of sand-dune plant Elymus mollis and their growth-promoting ability was studied on waito-c rice and Atriplex gemelinii. We found that eight fungal isolates promoted growth of both plants. Fungal isolate EM-7-1 induced maximum growth promotion
in waito-c rice (9.25cm) and Atriplex gemelinii (3.1cm), which was higher than wild-type Gibberella fujikuroi. Gibberellin analysis of EM-7-1 culture filtrate showed the presence of bioactive gibberellins GA1 (0.32ng/ml), GA3 (5.76ng/ml), GA4 (0.82ng/ml) and GA7: (0.1ng/ml) along with physiologically inactive GA5 (0.59ng/ml), GA9 (5.38ng/ml), GA20 (0.25ng/ml) and GA24 (2.03ng/ml). The fungal isolate EM-7-1 was identified as new strain of Gliomastix murorum (G. murorum KACC43902) with 99% sequence homology. This study reports the plant growth-promoting ability of genus Gliomastix and the presence of GA5 in the culture filtrate of fungi for the first time.
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 04/2012; 25(5):829-833. · 1.53 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Little is known about the role of endophytic fungi against abiotic stresses and isoflavonoids (IF) contents of soybean. In current study, we investigated the role of fungal endophytes on the growth of soybean under salt stress conditions. Pure cultures of nine endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of field-grown soybean plants, and their culture filtrates were screened on Waito-C and Dongjin-byeo rice cultivars; for identification of plant growth promoting fungal strains. It was observed that fungal isolate GMC-2B significantly promoted the growth of both Waito-C and Dongjin-byeo. GMC-2B was later identified as a new strain of Metarhizium anisopliae LHL07 on the basis of 18S rDNA sequences and phylogenetic analysis. Metarhizium anisopliae LHL07 inoculated soybean plants recorded significantly higher shoot length, shoot fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll contents, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate and leaf area; under sodium chloride induced salt stress as compared to non-inoculated control plants. An elevated proline and reduced superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde contents in M. anisopliae LHL07 inoculated soybean plants demonstrated mitigation of salt induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, reduced abscisic acid and elevated jasmonic acid contents in soybean plants confirmed that lesser stress was convened to M. anisopliae inoculated-plants under salinity stress. We also assessed the role of M. anisopliae interaction on IF biosynthesis of soybean, and found significantly higher IF contents in M. anisopliae inoculated soybean plants. In conclusion, endophytic fungal interactions with soybean can be beneficial to improve soybean quality and quantity under salt affected agricultural systems.
MIRCEN Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 04/2012; 28(4):1483-94. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We investigated plant growth promoting activity of roots inhabiting endophytic fungi in order to evaluate their role in the survival of host plants under extreme sand dune environment of coastal regions. For this purpose, 122 fungal isolates were collected from the roots of 9 sand dune plants and were screened for growth promoting secondary metabolites. Our results showed that 101 fungal isolates (82.7%) promoted plant height and shoot length of Waito-C rice, while 21 fungal isolates (17.2%) inhibited growth attributes. The fungal isolate Gibberella fujikuroi along with distilled water and Czapek broth medium were used as control during the experiment. It was concluded that a major proportion of endophytic fungi inhabiting sand dune plants produce metabolites, which are helpful in plant growth and development.
Pakistan Journal of Botany. 01/2012; 44:1453-1460.
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ABSTRACT: We investigated plant growth promoting activity of roots inhabiting endophytic fungi in order to evaluate their role in the survival of host plants under extreme sand dune environment of coastal regions. For this purpose, 122 fungal isolates were collected from the roots of 9 sand dune plants and were screened for growth promoting secondary metabolites. Our results showed that 101 fungal isolates (82.7%) promoted plant height and shoot length of Waito-C rice, while 21 fungal isolates (17.2%) inhibited growth attributes. The fungal isolate Gibberella fujikuroi along with distilled water and Czapek broth medium were used as control during the experiment. It was concluded that a major proportion of endophytic fungi inhabiting sand dune plants produce metabolites, which are helpful in plant growth and development.
Pakistan Journal of Botany 01/2012; 44(4):1453-1460. · 0.84 Impact Factor
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The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 01/2012; 58(4):331-7. · 0.98 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We investigated in this study the influence of an endophytic fungus, Paecilomyces formosus LHL10, on the thermotolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) upon exposure to high (38°C) and low (8°C) temperature stresses. The results showed that endophyte-inoculated plants had significantly higher plant growth attributes under high-temperature stress. However, they were either low or insignificant in non-inoculated control and inoculated plants with 8°C treatments. Lower stress-promulgated water deficit and cellular membrane damage were observed in endophyte-treated plants after 38°C treatment than in control plants under 8°C stress. Total polyphenol, reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation activities were reduced in endophyte-associated plants after exposure to 38°C as compared with control and 8°C-treated plants. The concentration of saturated fatty acids (palmitic-C16:0; stearic-C18:0) was lower in endophyte-treated plants with or without low-temperature stress, but after 8°C treatment increased compared with controls. Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic-C18:1; linoleic-C18:2; linolenic-C18:3 acids) were similar at normal conditions; however, at 38°C, C18:2 and C18:3 were decreased, and C18:1 was increased in endophyte-treated plants compared with controls, while the inverse relationship was found at 8°C. Low levels of abscisic acid in P. formosus-associated plants after 38°C treatments revealed stress tolerance compared with control and 8°C-treated plants. In contrast, salicylic acid was pronounced in endophyte-treated plants after low-temperature stress as compared to other treatments. The results provide evidence that the response to P. formosus association was beneficial at normal growth temperature and had varying effects in response to temperature stress.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 09/2011; 101(2):267-79. · 2.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Twenty-nine P. polymyxa strains isolated from rhizospheres of various crops were clustered into five genotypic groups on the basis of BOX-PCR analysis. The characteristics of several plant growth-promoting factors among the isolates revealed the distinct attributes in each allocated group. Under gnotobiotic conditions, inoculation of pepper roots with P. polymyxa isolates significantly increased the biomass in 17 of total 29 treated plants with untreated plants. Experiments on induced systemic resistance (ISR) against bacterial spot pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria in pepper by P. polymyxa strains were conducted and only one isolate (KNUC265) was selected. Further studies into ISR mediation by the KNUC265 strain against the soft-rot pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in tobacco demonstrated that the tobacco seedlings exposed to either bacterial volatiles or diffusible metabolites exhibited a reduction in disease severity. In conclusion, ISR and plant growth promotion triggered by P. polymyxa isolates were systemically investigated on pepper for the first time. The P. polymyxa KNUC265 strain, which elicited both ISR and plant growth promotion, could be potentially used in improving the yield of pepper and possibly of other crops.
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 12/2010; 20(12):1605-13. · 1.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of mycelial extract and culture filtrate of Cordyceps sphecocephala J201 on airway hyper-responsiveness, pulmonary immune cell infiltration, and Th2 cytokine expression in animal models of asthma. After Concanavalin A (Con A) activation of mouse primary spleen cells, the IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine expression were significantly decreased in the presence of the mycelial extract and culture filtrate of Cordyceps sphecocephala J201. The asthma model was induced by sensitization to ovalbumin by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection treatment in mice. The Cordyceps sphecocephala J201 mycelial extract was injected in order to assess the effects of anti-asthmatic activity by comparing lung cell infiltration in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. The results revealed that the increased IL-4, IL-13 and IL-25 expression were controlled by the mycelial extract and culture filtrate of Cordyceps sphecocephala J201, indicating that the extracts reduced the undesirable immune responses and/or cytokine expression exhibited in asthma.
International Journal of Molecular Medicine 09/2010; 26(3):351-6. · 1.98 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Ahmad, Z.; Pandey, R.; Sharma, S. & Khuller, G.K. (2006). Alginate nanoparticles as antituberculosis drug carriers: formulation development, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic potential. Indian journal of chest diseases and allied sciences, Vol. 48, No. 3, (July-September) 171-176, ISSN 0377-9343 Alexander, B.D. & Perfect, J.R. (1997). Antifungal resistance trends towards the year 2000. Implications for therapy and new approaches. Drugs, Vol. 54, No. 5, (November) 657-678, ISSN 0012-6667
03/2010; , ISBN: 978-953-307-028-5
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Muhammad Hamayun,
Sumera Afzal Khan,
Nadeem Ahmad,
Dong-Sheng Tang,
Sang-Mo Kang,
Chae-In Na,
Eun-Young Sohn,
Young-Hyun Hwang,
Dong-Hyun Shin,
Byung-Hyun Lee, Jong-Guk Kim,
In-Jung Lee
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ABSTRACT: Endophytic fungi are plant symbionts that produce a variety of beneficial metabolites for plant growth and protection against
herbivory and pathogens. Fourteen fungal samples were isolated from the roots of soybean cultivar Daemangkong and screened
on waito-c rice for their plant growth-promoting capacity. Twelve of the fungal isolates promoted plant growth, while two
inhibited it. The fungal isolate DK-1-1 induced maximum plant growth in both waito-c rice and soybean. The plant growth promotion
capacity of DK-1-1 was higher than the wild type Gibberella fujikuroi. Gibberellin (GA) analysis of culture filtrate of DK-1-1 showed the presence of higher amounts of bioactive GA3, GA4, and GA7 (6.62, 2.1 and 1.26ng/mL, respectively) along with physiologically inactive GA5, GA15, GA19, and GA24. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence identified the fungal isolate as a new strain of Cladosporium sphaerospermum. Gibberellin production and plant growth-promoting ability of genus Cladosporium are reported for the first time in the present study.
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 03/2009; 25(4):627-632. · 1.53 Impact Factor
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Won-Hae Lee,
Ki-Woong Cho,
Soo-Young Park,
Kee-Sun Shin,
Dong-Sun Lee,
Seon-Kap Hwang,
Seok-Jong Seo,
Jong-Myeong Kim,
Sa-Youl Ghim,
Bang-Ho Song,
Sang-Han Lee, Jong-Guk Kim
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ABSTRACT: An isolate from holothurians was identified as an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-producing bacterium KMG427, which is characterized by EPA synthesis efficiency, by thin layer and gas chromatographic analyses. The EPA production was maximized to more than 10% of the total fatty acids by incubation at 4o degrees C after cell proliferation at 20 degrees C. The isolated bacterium was categorized as Gramnegative, rod-shaped, aerobic, and motile with a single polar flagellum. According to phylogenetic analysis based on morphological and physiological specificities as an EPA-producing bacterium, the isolate KMG427 was found to belong to the genus Shewanella. The 16S rDNA of KMG427 was revealed to have 100% of sequence identity to that of S. hanedai CIP 103207T. Therefore, the isolate might be classified and identified as Shewanella sp. KMG427.
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 01/2009; 18(12):1869-73. · 1.38 Impact Factor
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Sumera Afzal Khan,
Muhammad Hamayun,
Hyeokjun Yoon,
Ho-Youn Kim,
Seok-Jong Suh,
Seon-Kap Hwang,
Jong-Myeong Kim,
In-Jung Lee,
Yeon-Sik Choo,
Ung-Han Yoon,
Won-Sik Kong,
Byung-Moo Lee, Jong-Guk Kim
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ABSTRACT: Endophytic fungi are known plant symbionts. They produce a variety of beneficial metabolites for plant growth and survival, as well as defend their hosts from attack of certain pathogens. Coastal dunes are nutrient deficient and offer harsh, saline environment for the existing flora and fauna. Endophytic fungi may play an important role in plant survival by enhancing nutrient uptake and producing growth-promoting metabolites such as gibberellins and auxins. We screened roots of Ixeris repenes (L.) A. Gray, a common dune plant, for the isolation of gibberellin secreting endophytic fungi.
We isolated 15 endophytic fungi from the roots of Ixeris repenes and screened them for growth promoting secondary metabolites. The fungal isolate IR-3-3 gave maximum plant growth when applied to waito-c rice and Atriplex gemelinii seedlings. Analysis of the culture filtrate of IR-3-3 showed the presence of physiologically active gibberellins, GA1, GA3, GA4 and GA7 (1.95 ng/ml, 3.83 ng/ml, 6.03 ng/ml and 2.35 ng/ml, respectively) along with other physiologically inactive GA5, GA9, GA12, GA15, GA19, GA20 and, GA24. The plant growth promotion and gibberellin producing capacity of IR-3-3 was much higher than the wild type Gibberella fujikuroi, which was taken as control during present study. GA5, a precursor of bioactive GA3 was reported for the first time in fungi. The fungal isolate IR-3-3 was identified as a new strain of Penicillium citrinum (named as P. citrinum KACC43900) through phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequence.
Isolation of new strain of Penicillium citrinum from the sand dune flora is interesting as information on the presence of Pencillium species in coastal sand dunes is limited. The plant growth promoting ability of this fungal strain may help in conservation and revegetation of the rapidly eroding sand dune flora. Penicillium citrinum is already known for producing mycotoxin citrinin and cellulose digesting enzymes like cellulase and endoglucanase, as well as xylulase. Gibberellins producing ability of this fungus and the discovery about the presence of GA5 will open new aspects of research and investigations.
BMC Microbiology 01/2009; 8:231. · 3.04 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: CW-270031 is a novel synthesized carbapenem antibiotic with a broad antimicrobial activity. Carbapenem antibiotics are well known for their nephrotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated the nephrotoxicity potential of this compound in rabbits, which are known for being more sensitive than other animals to renal insult. CW-270031 was administered to NZW male rabbits via an ear vein (200 mg/kg, single injection). Blood samples were collected on 2, 3, and 4 days after treatment. Urea nitrogen and creatinine in plasma were quantified. Four days after the treatment, all animals were autopsied and histopathological examinations were performed on their kidneys, revealing that cephaloridine and imipenem were highly nephrotoxic, and cefazolin had mild renal toxicity, whereas CW-270031 as well as meropenem and tienam had no toxicity to the kidney. The present findings suggest that CW-270031 is a potential carbapenem antibiotic with no nephrotoxicity.
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 12/2008; 18(11):1768-72. · 1.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Plant growth-promoting endophytic fungi with gibberellin-producing ability were isolated from the roots of Carex kobomugi Ohwi, a common sand-dune plant, and bioassayed for plant growth-promotion. A new strain, Arthrinium phaeospermum KACC43901, promoted growth of waito-c rice and Atriplex gemelinii. Analysis of its culture filtrate showed the presence of bioactive GA(1) (0.5 ng/ml), GA(3) (8.8 ng/ml), GA(4) (4.7 ng/ml) and GA(7) (2.2 ng/ml) along with physiologically inactive GA(5) (0.4 ng/ml), GA(9) (0.6 ng/ml), GA(12) (0.4 ng/ml), GA(15) (0.4 ng/ml), GA(19) (0.9 ng/ml) and GA(24) (1.8 ng/ml). The fungal isolate was identified through sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA (internal transcribed region).
Biotechnology Letters 11/2008; 31(2):283-7. · 1.68 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Spherical silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) were synthesized and their antifungal effects on fungal pathogens of the skin were investigated. Nano-Ag showed potent activity against clinical isolates and ATCC strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida species (IC80, 1-7 microg/ml). The activity of nano-Ag was comparable to that of amphotericin B, but superior to that of fluconazole (amphotericin B IC80, 1-5 microg/ml; fluconazole IC80, 10- 30 microg/ml). Additionally, we investigated their effects on the dimorphism of Candida albicans. The results showed nano-Ag exerted activity on the mycelia. Thus, the present study indicates nano-Ag may have considerable antifungal activity, deserving further investigation for clinical applications.
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 09/2008; 18(8):1482-4. · 1.38 Impact Factor
