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K Szymańska, R J Hung,
V Wünsch-Filho,
J Eluf-Neto,
M P Curado,
S Koifman,
E Matos,
A Menezes,
L Fernandez,
A W Daudt,
P Boffetta,
P Brennan
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ABSTRACT: Cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT; including oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and oesophagus) have high incidence rates all over the world, and they are especially frequent in some parts of Latin America. However, the data on the role of the major risk factors in these areas are still limited.
We have evaluated the role of alcohol and tobacco consumption, based on 2,252 upper aerodigestive squamous-cell carcinoma cases and 1,707 controls from seven centres in Brazil, Argentina, and Cuba.
We show that alcohol drinkers have a risk of UADT cancers that is up to five times higher than that of never-drinkers. A very strong effect of aperitifs and spirits as compared to other alcohol types was observed, with the ORs reaching 12.76 (CI 5.37-30.32) for oesophagus. Tobacco smokers were up to six times more likely to develop aerodigestive cancers than never-smokers, with the ORs reaching 11.14 (7.72-16.08) among current smokers for hypopharynx and larynx cancer. There was a trend for a decrease in risk after quitting alcohol drinking or tobacco smoking for all sites. The interactive effect of alcohol and tobacco was more than multiplicative. In this study, 65% of all UADT cases were attributable to a combined effect of alcohol and tobacco use.
In this largest study on UADT cancer in Latin America, we have shown for the first time that a prevailing majority of UADT cancer cases is due to a combined effect of alcohol and tobacco use and could be prevented by quitting the use of either of these two agents.
Cancer Causes and Control 07/2011; 22(7):1037-46. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT: oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, esophagus) have high incidence rates all over the world and they are especially frequent in some parts of Latin America. In this study, we have evaluated the role of the consumption of maté, a hot herb-based beverage, based on 1168 UADT squamous-cell carcinoma cases and 1,026 frequency-matched controls enrolled from four centers in Brazil and Argentina. The effect of maté drinking on the risk of head-and-neck cancers was borderline significant. A significant effect was observed only for cancer of the esophagus (OR 3.81 (95% CI 1.75-8.30)). While duration of maté drinking was associated with the risk of all UADT cancers, the association with cumulative maté consumption was restricted to esophageal cancer (p-value of linear trend 0.006). The analyses of temperature at which maté was drunk were not conclusive. The increased risk associated with maté drinking was more evident in never-smokers and never-alcohol drinkers than in other individuals. Our study strengthens the evidence of an association between maté drinking and esophageal cancer; the hypothesis of an association with other UADT cancers remains to be clarified.
Cancer Causes and Control 11/2010; 21(11):1799-806. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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S Karami,
P Brennan, R J Hung,
P Boffetta,
J Toro,
R T Wilson,
D Zaridze,
M Navratilova,
N Chatterjee,
D Mates, [......],
H Kollarova,
V Bencko,
N Szeszenia-Dabrowska,
I Holcatova,
A Moukeria,
R Welch,
S Chanock,
N Rothman,
W-H Chow,
L E Moore
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ABSTRACT: Previous studies investigated the role of vitamin D intake and cancer risk. The kidney is a major organ for vitamin D metabolism, activity, and calcium homeostasis; therefore, it was hypothesized that dietary vitamin D intake and polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may modify renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk. Three common VDR gene polymorphisms (BsmI, FokI, TaqI) were evaluated among 925 RCC cases and 1192 controls enrolled in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Central and Eastern Europe. Overall associations with RCC risk were not observed; however, subgroup analyses revealed associations after stratification by median age of diagnosis and family history of cancer. Among subjects over 60 yr, reduced risks were observed among carriers of the f alleles in the FokI single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61 for Ff and OR = 0.74 for ff genotypes) compared to subjects with the FF genotype (P trend = 0.04; P interaction = 0.004). Subjects with the BB BsmI genotype and a positive family history of cancer had lower risk compared to subjects with the bb allele (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.33-1.1; P trend = 0.05). Genotype associations with these subgroups were not modified when dietary sources of vitamin D or calcium were considered. Additional studies of genetic variation in the VDR gene are warranted.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 02/2008; 71(6):367-72. · 1.83 Impact Factor
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L E Moore,
P Brennan,
S Karami, R J Hung,
C Hsu,
P Boffetta,
J Toro,
D Zaridze,
V Janout,
V Bencko,
M Navratilova,
N Szeszenia-Dabrowska,
D Mates,
A Mukeria,
I Holcatova,
R Welch,
S Chanock,
N Rothman,
W-H Chow
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ABSTRACT: High consumption of cruciferous vegetables has been associated with reduced kidney cancer risk in many studies. Isothiocyanates, thought to be responsible for the chemopreventive properties of this food group, are conjugated to glutathione by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) before urinary excretion. Modification of this relationship by host genetic factors is unknown. We investigated cruciferous vegetable intake in 1097 cases and 1555 controls enrolled in a multicentric case-control study from the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Russia. To assess possible gene-diet interactions, genotyped cases (N = 925) and controls (N = 1247) for selected functional or non-synonymous polymorphisms including the GSTM1 deletion, GSTM3 3 bp deletion (IVS6 + 22-AGG) and V224I G>A substitution, GSTT1 deletion and the GSTP1 I105V A>G substitution. The odds ratio (OR) for low (less than once per month) versus high (at least once per week) intake of cruciferous vegetables was 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.62; P-trend = 0.03]. When low intake of cruciferous vegetables (less than once per month) was stratified by GST genotype, higher kidney cancer risks were observed among individuals with the GSTT1 null (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.07-3.23; P-interaction = 0.05) or with both GSTM1/T1 null genotypes (OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.08-5.77; P-interaction = 0.05). These data provide additional evidence for the role of cruciferous vegetables in cancer prevention among individuals with common, functional genetic polymorphisms.
Carcinogenesis 10/2007; 28(9):1960-4. · 5.70 Impact Factor
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T. Truong,
W. Sauter,
J.D. McKay,
Hosgood H.D,
C. Gallagher,
C. Amos,
M. Spitz,
J. Muscat,
P Lazarus,
T Illig, [......],
H Shen,
K Matsuo,
T Suzuki,
A Seow,
D.P. Ng,
Q. Lan,
D Zaridze,
P.H.M. Peeters,
x EPIC Lung Cancer Group, R J Hung
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J.D. McKay, R J Hung,
V Gaborieau,
P Boffetta,
A. Chabrier,
G.B. Byrnes,
D Zaridze,
A Mukeria,
N Szeszenia-Dabrowska,
J Lissowska, [......],
A. Boland,
M. Delepine,
M Foglio,
D Lechner,
F Matsuda,
H. Blanche,
I Gut,
S. Health,
M Lathrop,
P Brennan
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ABSTRACT: Time dependent animation of spherically shaped bubble sitting at one-side of the dewar container, which is spin-up from rest to certain rotating speed of interests, has been investigated. Time dependent deformation of bubble with or without a completion of wrapping around the inner well of the rotating dewar, are numerically studied and simulated. Some similarity parameters are considered for a completion of bubble wrapping around the dewar well. Illustrative examples show that the degree of the completion of bubble wrapping around the dewar well increases with increasing container rotating speed and Weber number.
Mechanics Research Communications.
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ABSTRACT: The formulation of sloshing dynamics for a Dewar partially filled with cryogenic superfluid helium II driven by both gravity gradient and jitter accelerations associated with spinning and/or slew motions in a microgravity environment is investigated. The jitter accelerations include slew motion, spinning motion, atmospheric drag on the spacecraft, spacecraft attitude motions arising from machinery vibrations, thruster firing, pointing control of spacecraft, and crew motion. The numerical computation of sloshing dynamics is carried out through the formulation of noninertial frame spacecraft-bound coordinates and the solution of three-dimensional formulations of time-dependent, partial differential equations subject to initial and boundary conditions. The examples given demonstrate how sloshing dynamics affects the liquid-vapor interface oscillations of cryogenic superfluid helium II driven by orbital accelerations of a spacecraft associated with spinning and/or slew motions.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of the cryogenic fluid management of the spacecraft propulsion system is to develop the technology necessary for acquisition or positioning of liquid and vapor within a tank in reduced gravity to enable liquid outflow or vapor venting. The requirement to settle or to position liquid fuel over the outlet end of the spacecraft propellant tank prior to main engine restart poses a microgravity fluid behavior problem. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the stability of the most efficient technique for propellant resettling through the minimization of propellant usage and weight penalties. In this study slosh wave excitation induced by the resettling flow field activated by 0.1 Hz low frequency, impulsive reverse gravity acceleration, during reorientation with the initiation of geyser for liquid fill levels of 30, 50, 65, 70 and 80%, have been studied. Characteristics of slosh waves with various frequencies excited are discussed. Slosh wave excitations shift the fluid mass distribution in the container which impose time dependent variations in spacecraft moment of inertia. This information is important for the spacecraft control during the course of liquid reorientation.
Acta Astronautica.
