-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A conceptual experimental method for providing a new measurement of the
underlying beta decay spectra from fission products is presented. The goal is
to provide additional information related to the prediction of the antineutrino
emission spectra from fission reactors and assist evaluation of the reactor
neutrino anomaly.
04/2013;
-
R. M. Bonicalzi,
J. I. Collar,
J. Colaresi,
J. E. Fast,
N. E. Fields,
E. S. Fuller,
M. Hai,
T. W. Hossbach,
M. S. Kos,
J. L. Orrell,
C. T. Overman,
D. J. Reid, B. A. VanDevender,
C. Wiseman,
K. M. Yocum
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We describe the experimental design of C-4, an expansion of the CoGeNT dark
matter search to four identical detectors each approximately three times the
mass of the p-type point contact germanium diode presently taking data at the
Soudan Underground Laboratory. Expected reductions of radioactive backgrounds
and energy threshold are discussed, including an estimate of the additional
sensitivity to low-mass dark matter candidates to be obtained with this search.
10/2012;
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) will detect tritium beta-
decay electrons that pass through its electromagnetic spectrometer with a
highly- segmented monolithic silicon pin-diode focal-plane detector (FPD). This
pin-diode array will be on a single piece of 500-{\mu}m-thick silicon, with
contact between titanium nitride (TiN) coated detector pixels and front-end
electronics made by spring-loaded pogo pins. The pogo pins will exert a total
force of up to 50N on the detector, deforming it and resulting in mechanical
stress up to 50 MPa in the silicon bulk. We have evaluated a prototype
pin-diode array with a pogo-pin connection scheme similar to the KATRIN FPD. We
find that pogo pins make good electrical contact to TiN and observe no effects
on detector resolution or reverse-bias leakage current which can be attributed
to mechanical stress.
02/2012;
-
SNO Collaboration,
B. Aharmim,
S N Ahmed,
A E Anthony,
N. Barros,
E W Beier,
A Bellerive,
B. Beltran,
M. Bergevin,
S D Biller, [......],
P. J. S. Watson,
J Wendland,
N West,
J. F. Wilkerson,
J R Wilson,
J.M. Wouters,
A. Wright,
M Yeh,
F Zhang,
K Zuber
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report results from a combined analysis of solar neutrino data from all
phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. By exploiting particle
identification information obtained from the proportional counters installed
during the third phase, this analysis improved background rejection in that
phase of the experiment. The combined analysis resulted in a total flux of
active neutrino flavors from 8B decays in the Sun of (5.25 \pm
0.16(stat.)+0.11-0.13(syst.))\times10^6 cm^{-2}s^{-1}. A two-flavor neutrino
oscillation analysis yielded \Deltam^2_{21} = (5.6^{+1.9}_{-1.4})\times10^{-5}
eV^2 and tan^2{\theta}_{12}= 0.427^{+0.033}_{-0.029}. A three-flavor neutrino
oscillation analysis combining this result with results of all other solar
neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment yielded \Deltam^2_{21} =
(7.41^{+0.21}_{-0.19})\times10^{-5} eV^2, tan^2{\theta}_{12} =
0.446^{+0.030}_{-0.029}, and sin^2{\theta}_{13} =
(2.5^{+1.8}_{-1.5})\times10^{-2}. This implied an upper bound of
sin^2{\theta}_{13} < 0.053 at the 95% confidence level (C.L.).
09/2011;
-
B. Aharmim,
S N Ahmed,
J. F. Amsbaugh,
J. M. Anaya,
A E Anthony,
J. Banar,
N. Barros,
E W Beier,
A Bellerive,
B. Beltran, [......],
J Wendland,
N West,
J.B. Wilhelmy,
J. F. Wilkerson,
J R Wilson,
J.M. Wouters,
A. Wright,
M Yeh,
F Zhang,
K Zuber
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper details the solar neutrino analysis of the 385.17-day Phase-III
data set acquired by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). An array of $^3$He
proportional counters was installed in the heavy-water target to measure
precisely the rate of neutrino-deuteron neutral-current interactions. This
technique to determine the total active $^8$B solar neutrino flux was largely
independent of the methods employed in previous phases. The total flux of
active neutrinos was measured to be
$5.54^{+0.33}_{-0.31}(stat.)^{+0.36}_{-0.34}(syst.)\times 10^{6}$ cm$^{-2}$
s$^{-1}$, consistent with previous measurements and standard solar models. A
global analysis of solar and reactor neutrino mixing parameters yielded the
best-fit values of $\Delta m^2 = 7.59^{+0.19}_{-0.21}\times 10^{-5}{eV}^2$ and
$\theta = 34.4^{+1.3}_{-1.2}$ degrees.
07/2011;
-
H. M. O'Keeffe,
T. H. Burritt,
B. T. Cleveland,
G Doucas,
N Gagnon,
N A Jelley,
C. Kraus,
I T Lawson,
S Majerus,
S. R. McGee,
A. W. Myers,
A. W. P. Poon,
K. Rielage,
R. G. H. Robertson,
R. C. Rosten,
L. C. Stonehill, B. A. VanDevender,
T. D. Van Wechel
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Four methods for determining the composition of low-level uranium- and
thorium-chain surface contamination are presented. One method is the
observation of Cherenkov light production in water. In two additional methods a
position-sensitive proportional counter surrounding the surface is used to make
both a measurement of the energy spectrum of alpha particle emissions and also
coincidence measurements to derive the thorium-chain content based on the
presence of short-lived isotopes in that decay chain. The fourth method is a
radiochemical technique in which the surface is eluted with a weak acid, the
eluate is concentrated, added to liquid scintillator and assayed by recording
beta-alpha coincidences. These methods were used to characterize two `hotspots'
on the outer surface of one of the He-3 proportional counters in the Neutral
Current Detection array of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory experiment. The
methods have similar sensitivities, of order tens of ng, to both thorium- and
uranium-chain contamination.
03/2011;
-
B. Aharmim,
S. N. Ahmed,
A. E. Anthony,
N. Barros,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bellerive,
B. Beltran,
M. Bergevin,
S. D. Biller,
K. Boudjemline, [......],
H. Wan Chan Tseung,
D. L. Wark,
N. West,
J. F. Wilkerson,
J. R. Wilson,
J. M. Wouters,
A. Wright,
M. Yeh,
F. Zhang,
K. Zuber
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Results are reported from a joint analysis of Phase I and Phase II data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. The effective electron kinetic energy threshold used is Teff=3.5 MeV, the lowest analysis threshold yet achieved with water Cherenkov detector data. In units of 106 cm-2 s-1, the total flux of active-flavor neutrinos from 8B decay in the Sun measured using the neutral current (NC) reaction of neutrinos on deuterons, with no constraint on the 8B neutrino energy spectrum, is found to be ΦNC=5.140-0.158+0.160(stat)-0.117+0.132(syst). These uncertainties are more than a factor of 2 smaller than previously published results. Also presented are the spectra of recoil electrons from the charged current reaction of neutrinos on deuterons and the elastic scattering of electrons. A fit to the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory data in which the free parameters directly describe the total 8B neutrino flux and the energy-dependent νe survival probability provides a measure of the total 8B neutrino flux Φ8B=5.046-0.152+0.159(stat)-0.123+0.107(syst). Combining these new results with results of all other solar experiments and the KamLAND reactor experiment yields best-fit values of the mixing parameters of θ12=34.06-0.84+1.16 degrees and Δm212=7.59-0.21+0.20×10-5 eV2. The global value of Φ8B is extracted to a precision of -2.95+2.38%. In a three-flavor analysis the best fit value of sin2θ13 is 2.00-1.63+2.09×10-2. This implies an upper bound of sin2θ13<0.057 (95% C.L.).
Phys. Rev. C. 05/2010; 81(5).
-
B. A. VanDevender
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Neutrino flavor oscillation experiments have demonstrated that the three Standard Model neutrino flavor eigenstates are mixed with three mass eigenstates whose mass eigenvalues are nondegenerate. The oscillation experiments measure the differences between the squares of the mass eigenvalues but tell us nothing about their absolute values. The unknown absolute neutrino mass scale has important implications in particle physics and cosmology. Beta decay endpoint measurements are presented as a model‐independent method to measure the absolute neutrino mass. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) is explored in detail.
AIP Conference Proceedings. 12/2009; 1182(1):64-67.
-
B. Aharmim,
S. N. Ahmed,
T. C. Andersen,
A. E. Anthony,
N. Barros,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bellerive,
B. Beltran,
M. Bergevin,
S. D. Biller, [......],
P. Watson,
J. Wendland,
N. West,
J. F. Wilkerson,
J. R. Wilson,
J. M. Wouters,
A. Wright,
M. Yeh,
F. Zhang,
K. Zuber
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Results are reported on the measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced muon flux at a depth of 2 kilometers below the Earth’s surface from 1229 days of operation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). By measuring the flux of through-going muons as a function of zenith angle, the SNO experiment can distinguish between the oscillated and unoscillated portion of the neutrino flux. A total of 514 muonlike events are measured between -1≤cosθzenith≤0.4 in a total exposure of 2.30×1014 cm2 s. The measured flux normalization is 1.22±0.09 times the Bartol three-dimensional flux prediction. This is the first measurement of the neutrino-induced flux where neutrino oscillations are minimized. The zenith distribution is consistent with previously measured atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters. The cosmic ray muon flux at SNO with zenith angle cosθzenith>0.4 is measured to be (3.31±0.01(stat)±0.09(sys))×10-10 μ/s/cm2.
Phys. Rev. D. 07/2009; 80(1).
-
M Bychkov,
D Pocanić, B A Vandevender,
V A Baranov,
W Bertl,
Yu M Bystritsky,
E Frlez,
V A Kalinnikov,
N V Khomutov,
A S Korenchenko, [......],
T Sakhelashvili,
S Scheu,
U Straumann,
I Supek,
Z Tsamalaidze,
A van der Schaaf,
E P Velicheva,
V P Volnykh,
Y Wang,
H-P Wirtz
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have measured the pi+-->e+ nugamma branching ratio over a wide region of phase space, based on a total of 65 460 events acquired using the PIBETA detector. Minimum-chi2 fits to the measured (E(e+), E(gamma) energy distributions result in the weak form factor value of F(A)=0.0119(1) with a fixed value of F(V)=0.0259. An unconstrained fit yields F(V)=0.0258(17) and F(A)=0.0117(17). In addition, we have measured a=0.10(6) for the dependence of F(V) on q2, the e+ nu pair invariant mass squared, parametrized as F(V)(q2)=F(V)(0)(1+aq(2)). The branching ratio for the kinematic region E(gamma)>10 MeV and theta(e(+)gamma)>40 degrees is measured to be B(expt)=73.86(54)x10(-8). Earlier deviations we reported in the high-E(gamma)-low-E(e+) kinematic region are resolved without a tensor term. We also derive new values for the pion polarizability alpha(E)=2.78(10)x10(-4) fm3 and neutral pion lifetime tau(pi0)=(8.5+/-1.1)x10(-17) s.
Physical Review Letters 07/2009; 103(5):051802. · 7.37 Impact Factor
-
B. Aharmim,
S. N. Ahmed,
A. E. Anthony,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bellerive,
M. Bergevin,
S. D. Biller,
M. G. Boulay,
Y. D. Chan,
M. Chen, [......],
D. L. Wark,
J. Wendland,
N. West,
J. F. Wilkerson,
J. R. Wilson,
J. M. Wouters,
A. Wright,
M. Yeh,
F. Zhang,
and K. Zuber
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A search has been made for neutrinos from the hep reaction in the Sun and from the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) using data collected during the first operational phase of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, with an exposure of 0.65 ktons yr. For the hep neutrino search, two events are observed in the effective electron energy range of 14.3 MeV < Teff < 20 MeV, where 3.1 background events are expected. After accounting for neutrino oscillations, an upper limit of 2.3 × 104 cm-2 s-1 at the 90% confidence level is inferred on the integral total flux of hep neutrinos. For DSNB neutrinos, no events are observed in the effective electron energy range of 21 MeV < Teff < 35 MeV, and, consequently, an upper limit on the νe component of the DSNB flux in the neutrino energy range of 22.9 MeV < Eν < 36.9 MeV of 70 cm-2 s-1 is inferred at the 90% confidence level. This is an improvement by a factor of 6.5 on the previous best upper limit on the hep neutrino flux and by 2 orders of magnitude on the previous upper limit on the νe component of the DSNB flux.
The Astrophysical Journal 12/2008; 653(2):1545. · 6.02 Impact Factor
-
B Aharmim,
S N Ahmed,
J F Amsbaugh,
A E Anthony,
J Banar,
N Barros,
E W Beier,
A Bellerive,
B Beltran,
M Bergevin, [......],
J Wendland,
N West,
J B Wilhelmy,
J F Wilkerson,
J R Wilson,
J M Wouters,
A Wright,
M Yeh,
F Zhang,
K Zuber
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) used an array of 3He proportional counters to measure the rate of neutral-current interactions in heavy water and precisely determined the total active (nu_x) 8B solar neutrino flux. This technique is independent of previous methods employed by SNO. The total flux is found to be 5.54_-0.31;+0.33(stat)-0.34+0.36(syst)x10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), in agreement with previous measurements and standard solar models. A global analysis of solar and reactor neutrino results yields Deltam2=7.59_-0.21;+0.19x10(-5) eV2 and theta=34.4_-1.2;+1.3 degrees. The uncertainty on the mixing angle has been reduced from SNO's previous results.
Physical Review Letters 10/2008; 101(11):111301. · 7.37 Impact Factor
-
M. Bychkov,
D. Počanić, B. A. VanDevender,
V. A. Baranov,
W Bertl,
Yu. M. Bystritsky,
E. Frlež,
V. A. Kalinnikov,
N. V. Khomutov,
A. S. Korenchenko, [......],
T. Sakhelashvili,
S. Scheu,
U. Straumann,
I. Supek,
Z. Tsamalaidze,
A. van der Schaaf,
E. P. Velicheva,
V. P. Volnykh,
Y Wang,
H. P. Wirtz
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have measured the $\pi^+\to {\rm e}^+\nu\gamma$ branching ratio over a wide region of phase space, based on a total of 65,460 events acquired using the PIBETA detector. Minimum-$\chi^2$ fits to the measured $(E_{e^+},E_\gamma)$ energy distributions result in the weak form factor value of $F_A=0.0119(1)$ with a fixed value of $F_V=0.0259$. An unconstrained fit yields $F_V=0.0258(17)$ and $F_A=0.0117(17)$. In addition, we have measured $a=0.10(6)$ for the dependence of $F_V$ on $q^2$, the ${\rm e}^{+}\nu$ pair invariant mass squared, parametrized as $F_V(q^2)=F_V(0)(1+a\cdot q^2)$. The branching ratio for the kinematic region $E_\gamma > 10 $MeV and $\theta_{{\rm e^+}\gamma} > 40^\circ $ is measured to be $B^{\rm exp}=73.86(54) \times 10^{-8}$. Earlier deviations we reported in the high-$E_\gamma$/low-$E_{{\rm e}^+}$ kinematic region are resolved, and we find full compatibility with CVC and standard $V$$-$$A$ calculations without a tensor term. We also derive new values for the pion polarizability, $\alpha_E = \rm 2.78(10) \times 10^{-4} fm^3$, and neutral pion lifetime, $\tau_{\pi 0} = (8.5 \pm 1.1) \times 10^{-17} $s. Comment: 4 pages, 2 PDF figures
04/2008;
-
J. F. Amsbaugh,
J. M. Anaya,
J. Banar,
T. J. Bowles,
M. C. Browne,
T V Bullard,
T. H. Burritt,
G. A. Cox-Mobrand,
X Dai,
H Deng, [......],
N Tolich, B. A. VanDevender,
T. D. Van Wechel,
B L Wall,
H. Wan Chan Tseung,
J Wendland,
N West,
J.B. Wilhelmy,
J. F. Wilkerson,
J.M. Wouters
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: An array of Neutral-Current Detectors (NCDs) has been built in order to make a unique measurement of the total active flux of solar neutrinos in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). Data in the third phase of the SNO experiment were collected between November 2004 and November 2006, after the NCD array was added to improve the neutral-current sensitivity of the SNO detector. This array consisted of 36 strings of proportional counters filled with a mixture of $^3$He and CF$_4$ gas capable of detecting the neutrons liberated by the neutrino-deuteron neutral current reaction in the D$_2$O, and four strings filled with a mixture of $^4$He and CF$_4$ gas for background measurements. The proportional counter diameter is 5 cm. The total deployed array length was 398 m. The SNO NCD array is the lowest-radioactivity large array of proportional counters ever produced. This article describes the design, construction, deployment, and characterization of the NCD array, discusses the electronics and data acquisition system, and considers event signatures and backgrounds.
06/2007;
-
E Frlez,
D Pocanić,
V A Baranov,
W Bertl,
M Bychkov,
N V Khomutov,
A S Korenchenko,
S M Korenchenko,
T Kozlowski,
N P Kravchuk, [......],
A M Rozhdestvensky,
V V Sidorkin,
L C Smith,
I Supek,
Z Tsamalaidze, B A VanDevender,
E P Velicheva,
Y Wang,
H-P Wirtz,
K O H Ziock
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have studied radiative pion decays pi(+)-->e(+)nugamma in three broad kinematic regions using the PIBETA detector and a stopped pion beam. Based on Dalitz distributions of 41 601 events we have evaluated absolute pi-->enugamma branching ratios in the three regions. Minimum chi(2) fits to the integral and differential (E(e(+)),E(gamma)) distributions result in the axial-to-vector weak form factor ratio of gamma identical with F(A)/F(V)=0.443(15), or F(A)=0.0115(4) with F(V)=0.0259. However, deviations from standard model predictions in the high-E(gamma)-low-E(e(+)) kinematic region indicate the need for further theoretical and experimental work.
Physical Review Letters 10/2004; 93(18):181804. · 7.37 Impact Factor
-
D Pocanić,
E Frlez,
V A Baranov,
W Bertl,
Ch Brönnimann,
M Bychkov,
J F Crawford,
M Daum,
N V Khomutov,
A S Korenchenko, [......],
S Ritt,
A M Rozhdestvensky,
V V Sidorkin,
L C Smith,
I Supek,
Z Tsamalaidze, B A VanDevender,
Y Wang,
H-P Wirtz,
K O H Ziock
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Using a large acceptance calorimeter and a stopped pion beam we have made a precise measurement of the rare pi(+)-->pi(0)e(+)nu (pi(beta)) decay branching ratio. We have evaluated the branching ratio by normalizing the number of observed pi(beta) decays to the number of observed pi(+)-->e(+)nu (pi(e2)) decays. We find the value of Gamma(pi(+)-->pi(0)e(+)nu)/Gamma(total)=[1.036+/-0.004(stat)+/-0.004(syst)+/-0.003(pi(e2))]x10(-8), where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is the pi(e2) branching ratio uncertainty. Our result agrees well with the standard model prediction.
Physical Review Letters 10/2004; 93(18):181803. · 7.37 Impact Factor
-
E. Frlez,
D Pocanic,
V. A. Baranov,
W Bertl,
M. Bychkov,
N. V. Khomutov,
A. S. Korenchenko,
S. M. Korenchenko,
T. Kozlowski,
N P Kravchuk, [......],
A M Rozhdestvensky,
V. V. Sidorkin,
L C Smith,
I. Supek,
Z. Tsamalaidze, B. A. VanDevender,
E. P. Velicheva,
Y Wang,
H. P. Wirtz,
K. O. H. Ziock
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have studied radiative pion decays Pi+ -> e+ nu gamma in three broad kinematic regions using the PIBETA detector and a stopped pion beam. Based on Dalitz distributions of 42,209 events we have evaluated absolute Pi -> e nu gamma branching ratios in the three regions. Minimum chi^2 fits to the integral and differential (E(e+),E(gamma)) distributions result in the axial-to-vector weak form factor ratio of gamma = F_A/F_V = 0.443(15),or F_A = 0.0115(4) with F_V = 0.0259. However, deviations from Standard Model predictions in the high-E(gamma)/low-E(e+) kinematic region indicate the need for further theoretical and experimental work.
01/2004;
-
E. Frlez,
D Pocanic,
K. A. Assamagan,
Yu. Bagaturia,
V. A. Baranov,
W Bertl,
Ch Broennimann,
M. A. Bychkov,
J. F. Crawford,
M Daum, [......],
P. L. Slocum,
L C Smith,
N. Soic,
W. A. Stephens,
I. Supek,
Z. Tsamalaidze, B. A. VanDevender,
Y Wang,
H. P. Wirtz,
K. O. H. Ziock
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We describe the design, construction and performance of the PIBETA detector built for the precise measurement of the branching ratio of pion beta decay, pi+ -> pi0 e+ nu, at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The central part of the detector is a 240-module spherical pure CsI calorimeter covering 3*pi sr solid angle. The calorimeter is supplemented with an active collimator/beam degrader system, an active segmented plastic target, a pair of low-mass cylindrical wire chambers and a 20-element cylindrical plastic scintillator hodoscope. The whole detector system is housed inside a temperature-controlled lead brick enclosure which in turn is lined with cosmic muon plastic veto counters. Commissioning and calibration data were taken during two three-month beam periods in 1999/2000 with pi+ stopping rates between 1.3*E3 pi+/s and 1.3*E6 pi+/s. We examine the timing, energy and angular detector resolution for photons, positrons and protons in the energy range of 5-150 MeV, as well as the response of the detector to cosmic muons. We illustrate the detector signatures for the assorted rare pion and muon decays and their associated backgrounds. Comment: 117 pages, 48 Postscript figures, 5 tables, Elsevier LaTeX, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A
12/2003;
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) aims to measure directly the mass of the neutrino, an open question in physics. The experiment will measure the integrated tritium beta-decay electron energy spectrum near the 18.6 keV endpoint, where the shape is most sensitive to neutrino mass. In order to reach the proposed sensitivity to neutrino mass of 0.2 eV (90% CL) the detector backgrounds in the endpoint energy region must be limited to 1 mHz. Extensive Geant4 simulations of the KATRIN detector region have identified the largest contributions to the background and guided the detector design. For this experiment, at the surface of the earth, the major backgrounds will be cosmic ray induced photons as well as betas and high-energy gammas from natural radioactivity. Cosmic rays and their secondaries can be vetoed with an active shield. Careful material selection can reduce natural radioactivity, and a passive shield can mitigate radioactivity-induced backgrounds. Post-acceleration of electrons emerging from the KATRIN spectrometer can raise the signal energy to lower background regions. Armed with an understanding of the major background mechanisms, the detector design has been optimized to reduce the total background to the 1 mHz goal.
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2007. NSS '07. IEEE;
-
S. N. O. Collaboration,
B. Aharmim,
S. N. Ahmed,
T. C. Andersen,
A. E. Anthony,
N. Barros,
E. W. Beier,
A. Bellerive,
B. Beltran,
M. Bergevin, [......],
P. Watson,
J. Wendland,
N. West,
J. F. Wilkerson,
J. R. Wilson,
J. M. Wouters,
A. Wright,
M. Yeh,
F. Zhang,
K. Zuber
Physical Review D. 80(1):012001.
