Publications (9)14.11 Total impact
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Article: Outcomes Associated With Treatments for Medial, Lateral, and Multidirectional Shoulder Instability in Dogs.
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: To describe demographic factors, treatments, and outcomes associated with shoulder instability in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Multi-center, retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS: Dog (n = 130) with shoulder instability. METHODS: Medical records (October 2007-2010) from 4 hospitals of dogs with shoulder instability were reviewed to document age, breed, weight, and gender, categorize them into diagnosis cohorts of medial (MSI), lateral (LSI), or multidirectional (MDI) instability, determine treatments, and document outcomes. Treatment cohorts were defined as nonsurgical management, radiofrequency-induced thermal capsulorrhaphy (RITC), or shoulder reconstruction. Outcomes based upon clinician reevaluation and owner input >1 year after diagnosis were used to determine success, failure, and complication rates. RESULTS: Most dogs were diagnosed with MSI, but 23% had LSI or MDI. Dogs with MSI treated by reconstruction were more likely than dogs treated without surgery to have a successful outcome (odd's ratio = 3.0; P = .01). Similarly, treatment of MDI with reconstruction was more likely to be associated with a successful outcome than nonsurgical management (odd's ratio = 5.0; P = .007). Success with surgical and nonsurgical management was equivocal between LSI treatment cohorts, but the number of dogs with LSI was small. Complication rates for all treatment cohorts were <10%. CONCLUSIONS: In dogs with shoulder instability, LSI and MDI are less common than MSI. Surgical reconstruction for treatment of MSI and MDI appears to produce a higher likelihood of achieving successful outcomes than nonsurgical management and surgical complication rates were low but these conclusions are tempered by the limitations of the study.Veterinary Surgery 02/2013; · 1.26 Impact Factor -
Article: The Relationship of the Canine Femoral Head to the Femoral Neck: An Anatomic Study with Relevance for Hip Arthroplasty Implant Design and Implantation.
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: (1) To evaluate a novel method for characterizing the relationship of the canine femoral head to the femoral neck and (2) to determine whether the femoral head is symmetrically positioned upon the femoral neck. STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Cadaveric dog femurs (16 dogs, 32 femurs) METHODS: Femurs were photographed in frontal and sagittal planes simultaneously using 2 cameras positioned orthogonally. Ten measurements were made by 2 independent observers and agreement assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Repeatability in specimen positioning was assessed by repositioning and imaging a single femur10 times. RESULTS: ICC values exceeded 0.6 for 8 of the 10 different measurements made. Mean ± SD femoral head offset ratios in the frontal and sagittal planes were 0.14 ± 0.08 and 2.66 ± 1.16. The mean specimen positioning error (±SD) for the single specimen that was repositioned 10 times was 0.93° ± 1.92° and 2.39° ± 1.13° in the frontal and sagittal planes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Correlations between observers were moderately strong or strong for 8 of 10 measurements. Specimen positioning was repeatable. The offset ratios indicate that dogs have a substantial cranial and ventral offset of the femoral head from the femoral neck.Veterinary Surgery 12/2011; · 1.26 Impact Factor -
Article: What is the evidence? Surgical treatment of large dogs with hip joint osteoarthritis.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 02/2011; 238(4):440-2. · 1.79 Impact Factor -
Article: Ocelots on Barro Colorado Island are infected with feline immunodeficiency virus but not other common feline and canine viruses.
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ABSTRACT: Transmission of pathogens from domestic animals to wildlife populations (spill-over) has precipitated local wildlife extinctions in multiple geographic locations. Identifying such events before they cause population declines requires differentiating spillover from endemic disease, a challenge complicated by a lack of baseline data from wildlife populations that are isolated from domestic animals. We tested sera collected from 12 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) native to Barro Colorado Island, Panama, which is free of domestic animals, for antibodies to feline herpes virus, feline calicivirus, feline corona virus, feline panleukopenia virus, canine distemper virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), typically a species-specific infection. Samples also were tested for feline leukemia virus antigens. Positive tests results were only observed for FIV; 50% of the ocelots were positive. We hypothesize that isolation of this population has prevented introduction of pathogens typically attributed to contact with domestic animals. The high density of ocelots on Barro Colorado Island may contribute to a high prevalence of FIV infection, as would be expected with increased contact rates among conspecifics in a geographically restricted population.Journal of wildlife diseases 08/2008; 44(3):760-5. · 1.08 Impact Factor -
Article: Variability in assays used for detection of lentiviral infection in bobcats (Lynx rufus), pumas (Puma concolor), and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis).
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ABSTRACT: Although lentiviruses similar to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are known to infect numerous felid species, the relative utility of assays used for detecting lentiviral infection has not been compared for many of these hosts. We tested bobcats (Lynx rufus), pumas (Felis concolor), and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) for exposure to lentivirus using five different assays: puma lentivirus (PLV), African lion lentivirus (LLV), and domestic cat FIV-based immunoblots, a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Puma lentivirus immunoblots identified more seropositive individuals than the other antibody-detection assays. The commercial ELISA provided a fair ability to recognize seropositive samples when compared with PLV immunoblot for screening bobcats and ocelots, but not pumas. Polymerase chain reaction identified fewer positive samples than PLV immunoblot for all three species. Immunoblot results were equivalent whether the sample tested was serum, plasma, or whole blood. The results from this study and previous investigations suggest that the PLV immunoblot has the greatest ability to detect reactive samples when screening wild felids of North America and is unlikely to produce false positive results. However, the commercial ELISA kit may provide an adequate alternative for screening of some species and is more easily adapted to field conditions.Journal of wildlife diseases 11/2007; 43(4):700-10. · 1.08 Impact Factor -
Article: Tree and forest characteristics influence sleeping site choice by golden lion tamarins.
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ABSTRACT: Lion tamarin monkeys are among a small number of primates that repeatedly use a few tree holes for the majority of their sleeping sites. To better understand why lion tamarins rely on tree holes as sleeping sites, we compared the physical characteristics of frequently used sleeping sites, infrequently used sleeping sites, and randomly selected forest locations at multiple spatial scales. From 1990 to 2004, we recorded 5,235 occurrences of sleeping site use by 10 groups of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) in Poço das Antas Reserve, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Of those, 63.6% were tree holes. Bamboo accounted for an additional 17.5% of observations. Frequently used tree holes were more likely to be found in living trees and their entrances were at lower canopy heights than infrequently used tree holes. We also found that frequently used sleeping sites, in comparison to random sites, were more likely to be found on hillsides, be close to other large trees, have a lower percent of canopy cover, and have larger diameter at breast height. Topography and small-scale variables were more accurate than were habitat-level classifications in predicting frequently used sleeping sites. There are ample tree holes available to these lion tamarins but few preferred sites to which they return repeatedly. The lion tamarins find these preferred sites wherever they occur including in mature forest and in relics of older forest embedded in a matrix of secondary forest.American Journal of Primatology 10/2007; 69(9):976-88. · 2.22 Impact Factor -
Article: Golden lion tamarin sleeping-site use and pre-retirement behavior during intense predation.
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ABSTRACT: Sleeping sites, their patterns of use, and cryptic pre-retirement behavior mitigate predation risk at sleeping sites and could influence prey fitness. We evaluated sleeping-site usage for 10 groups of golden lion tamarins (GLTs) from a population that recently suffered a substantial decline due to predation at sleeping sites. We recorded the average number of nights that groups spent at their different sleeping sites to determine whether patterns of sleeping-site use were influenced by predation risk, as measured by the rate of encounters with predators, or the availability of suitable sleeping sites, as measured by the size of a group's home range and amount of mature forest within their home range. In addition, we measured travel speed to sleeping sites and compared this speed with that recorded at other times of day. GLT groups spent more nights on average at each of their sleeping sites compared to other callitrichid species for which data are available. Predation risk and habitat characteristics were not significant predictors of how many times groups used each of their different sleeping sites. Groups significantly increased their travel speed just before entering the sleeping site. Rapid locomotion to secure tree cavities may help GLTs avoid crepuscular and nocturnal predators; however, we speculate that this strategy failed numerous GLTs in our study population during the previous decade because they used sleeping sites that were accessible to predators.American Journal of Primatology 04/2007; 69(3):325-35. · 2.22 Impact Factor -
Article: Do cavity-nesting primates reduce scent marking before retirement to avoid attracting predators to sleeping sites?
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ABSTRACT: The largest population of endangered golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia, GLTs) decreased from approximately 330 to 220 individuals between 1995 and 2000 due to a dramatic increase in predation at sleeping sites. We used behavioral data from eight social groups in this population to test two hypotheses: First, if GLTs attempt to mitigate the risk of predation at sleeping sites, they should reduce their rates of scent marking just prior to retirement. Second, if the benefits of scent marking prior to entering the sleeping site merit an increase in the rate of marking, then tamarins should increase their rate of pre-retirement scent marking during the breeding season, when such behavior would have its greatest impact on reproductive fitness. We used a generalized linear model (GLM) repeated-measures analysis to compare rates of daytime scent marking with rates of marking just prior to retirement for males and females. In addition, we compared scent marking prior to retiring in the nonbreeding season to marking rates before retirement in the breeding season for males and both sexes considered concurrently. Contrary to our expectations, GLTs significantly increased their rates of scent marking during the 30 min prior to entering their sleeping site-an observation driven by an increase in male (but not female) rates of marking. Rates of marking before entering the sleeping site were greater in the nonbreeding season compared to the breeding season, when both sexes were considered concomitantly and when males were evaluated alone. We conclude that GLTs do not attempt to minimize predation risk by decreasing scent marking in the period before they enter their sleeping site, and that tamarins do not scent mark at this time of day in order to transmit information about reproductive status or to control reproduction of subordinates. We speculate that scent marking in the 30 min prior to entering sleeping sites may serve to reduce predation risk by enabling tamarin groups to return quickly to favored sleeping sites in the evening when crepuscular predators are active.American Journal of Primatology 04/2007; 69(3):255-66. · 2.22 Impact Factor -
Article: Metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal osteoarthritis in 49 dogs.
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ABSTRACT: Although osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and debilitating condition in the canine patient, few data are available on OA of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Review of medical records of 49 dogs with a radiographic diagnosis of MCP or MTP OA presented over a 7-year period demonstrated that OA was an "incidental finding" for the majority of animals (n=35), while 14 dogs were identified as clinically lame as a result of MCP or MTP OA. Dogs that were clinically lame as a result of MCP or MTP OA were significantly more likely to have visible swelling over the affected digits. Five times as many dogs were diagnosed with MCP OA than with MTP OA, and the majority of dogs had radiographic changes on multiple digits. Review and scoring of radiographs (n=44 dogs) for six radiographic signs of OA followed by logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the two lateral digits of the front limb were significantly more likely to have osteophytosis and enthesophytosis than the two medial digits. Osteoarthritis of MCP and MTP joints has unique radiographic features that are not seen in the stifle, hip, shoulder, or elbow; these features can complicate accurate diagnosis, particularly differentiation from primary bone neoplasia. These data underscore the clinical relevance of this condition and provide useful information detailing which and how many digits are most commonly affected, potentially assisting discrimination between OA and neoplasia.Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 45(3):112-7. · 0.96 Impact Factor
Top co-authors
Top Journals
Institutions
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2011–2013
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University of Missouri
Columbia, MO, USA
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2007–2008
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Colorado State University
- Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology
Fort Collins, CO, USA -
University of Maryland, College Park
- Department of Biology
College Park, MD, USA
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