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ABSTRACT: A unified evaluation integrating various forms of energy sources and natural resources, products and services, and imports and exports is carried out systematically at the national scale for the booming Chinese economy 1978-2005, based on the ecological measure of solar emergy. The development of the economy is shown heavily dependent on the consumption of nonrenewable natural resources. Of the total resources use, the indigenous resources contribute the most, along with the increasing imports of nonrenewable resources. The development of the Chinese economy is characterized with the recovery stage during 1978-1981, transformation stage during 1981-1991, steady growth stage during 1991-2000, and accelerated increase stage after 2000, with specific distinctive systems indications.
Energy Policy. 01/2010; 38(2):875-886.
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Energy Policy. 02/2007; 35(7):3843-3855.
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Energy Policy. 02/2007; 35(3):1599-1609.
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ABSTRACT: On the basis of Odum's ecological economic measure of emergy as embodied solar energy, a system account of biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China 2004 is developed in this paper, which supplements a former study on corresponding long-term historical trends during 1978 to 2000 (Chen et al., 2006. Emergy-based analysis of the Chinese agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 115, 161–173). The aggregate fluxes and indicators for biomass resource exploitation in China 2004 are calculated and illustrated when compared with those for 2000 to elucidate the latest status of the Chinese agriculture as the exploitation sector for biomass resource. Data sources and algorithm are presented in detail as basic references for related analysis involving the ecological economy of biomass exploitation in agriculture.
Energy Policy.
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ABSTRACT: For decision making in terms of environmental economics for wetland construction, restoration and preservation, net ecosystem services values of constructed, human-interfered and natural wetlands are explored in the present work as a comparative study. The ecosystem services values of a pilot constructed wetland in Beijing, China in different discount rates and time horizons are accounted and compared with those of the natural wetlands all over the world as a mean and of a typical human-interfered wetland in Wenzhou, China. Results show that in both finite and infinite time horizons considered, the constructed wetland has the largest net services value in a reasonable discount rate.
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation.
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ABSTRACT: Based on the resource exergy theory, a unified exergetic index is proposed to assess both the quantity and quality of the water of the mainstream Yellow River, thus verifying the real available quantity of the river water in an ecological thermodynamics view. The chemical exergy, thermal exergy, potential exergy and sediment exergy of the river water as partial exergies are, respectively, calculated with the field river water intake data of the mainstream Yellow River. Exergetic potential is also defined to describe different working capacities of the river water along the mainstream. Finally, the temporal and spatial variation of the water resources of the mainstream Yellow River is illuminated with the proposed exergetic measure.
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 14(1):331-344. · 2.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Presented in this paper for the spread of a lock-release oil slick is a numerical analysis based on the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε model for turbulence closure, the volume of fluid (VOF) method for tracking the oil–water interface, and a rigid-cover approximation for the open surface. In agreement with theoretical analyses and experimental observations, numerical results show that the spread of the oil slick passes through three phases: the initial inertial slumping phase in which the inertial force and the horizontal buoyancy are dominant and the front speed is constant, the transitional phase in which the viscous force begins to play an important role instead of the inertial force and the front speed declines, and the viscous self-similar phase in which the viscous force and the horizontal buoyancy are dominant and the front speed declines as t-5/8. Typical flow and pressure distributions are illustrated.
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 15(8):2222-2230. · 2.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Based on the thermodynamic concept of exergy as a unified measure for environmental resources and economic products, a framework for systems assessment is presented for ecological economies. With a typical systems diagram devised for a general ecological economy with four arm fluxes for free local natural resources, purchased economic investment, environmental impact and economic yield, system indices of the renewability index, exergy yield ratio, exergy investment ratio, environmental resource to yield ratio, system transformity and environmental stress index are defined for a congregated systems ecological assessment with essential implications to sustainability. As a detailed case study to the Chinese agriculture from 1980 to 2000 with cropping, forestry, stockbreeding and fishery sectors, extensive exergy account and systems assessment are carried out with emphasis on annual and structural variations against social political transitions. For the overall agriculture as a congregated ecological stage, the value of the system transformity is found around 10, the typical value for the general ecological hierarchy as well devised by Odum associated with Lindeman's Tenth Law.
Ecological Modelling 220(3):397-410. · 2.33 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Based on the water resource exergy including chemical exergy, thermal exergy, potential exergy and sediment exergy, the allocation of water resource exergy along the mainstream Yellow River is illuminated. The water resource exergy for different anthropocentric water uses is also classified as agricultural irrigation exergy, industrial exergy, urban domestic exergy and rural domestic exergy. Aquatic exergetic ecotope (AEE) index is proposed as an indicator of the river ecosystem status in view of resource characteristic of exergetic assessment. Finally, the influences of the intake water on the AEE indices are well illustrated to reveal the possible impacts of water allocation on the river ecosystem status.
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 14(4):1721-1728. · 2.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: An integrated ecological evaluation of the Beijing economy was presented in the paper based on the emergy accounting with the data in 2004. Through calculating environmental and economic inputs within and outside the Beijing economy, this paper discusses the Beijing’s resource structure, economic situation and trade status based on a series of emergy indicators. Through the comparison of the systematic indicators of Beijing with those of the selected Chinese cities, the general status of the Beijing economy in China is identified. The results also show that most indicators of Beijing are located at middle levels among the selected Chinese cities. Particularly, the environmental impacts, expressed by the ratio of waste to the renewable emergy, and the ratio of waste to the total emergy use, are 84.2 and 0.26, respectively in Beijing in 2004, which indicate that the Beijing economy is greatly reliant on the imported intensive fuels, goods and services with high empower density and environmental loading.
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation.
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ABSTRACT: The resource accounting of the Chinese economy in 2000 is presented based on exergy as a unified quantifier for natural resources. Major resources entering the economic production include sunlight, wind power, tidal power, wave power, geothermal power, nuclear power, biomass, straw, hydropower, coal, oil, natural gas, wood, ores, agricultural and aquatic products. The resource conversion embracing the paper, food, iron and steel, nonferrous metal, chemical and other industries as well as transportation, household and commerce sectors are illustrated. The efficiencies of the thermal conversion procedures including lighting, mechanical work, space heating, cooking, water heating and process heating are also estimated. The total exergy input of the Chinese economy was 64.76 EJ, which was 51.0 GJ/cap, whereas the total exergy output contained 12.8 EJ or 10.1 GJ/cap, indicating the exergy efficiency was 20%. The present study illustrates the possibilities of increasing exergy efficiencies of different conversion sectors and provides theoretical foundation for policymakers in establishing effective regulatory mechanism of economic production.
Ecological Modelling.
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ABSTRACT: Presented in this paper is an overview of energy consumption in rural China in view of temporal and spatial variations. Characterized by steadily decreased proportion of biomass use and increased percentage of coal and electricity use, coal and biomass are still the major energy sources in rural areas, accounting for nearly 80% of the total rural energy consumption. Moreover, the energy consumption varies significantly across provinces both in total sum and by fuel types due to diversities of geographic features, economic development levels and local energy source availability. Three statistical groups are clustered associated with quantitative change and structural change, exhibiting evident transition from noncommercial energy pattern to commercial energy pattern. Much more work need to be done to cope with the forthcoming dramatic changes associated with booming rural economy and newly released policy from the points of both energy security and environmental pressure in China.
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation.
