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ABSTRACT: Regardless of age, a marked elevation in circulating IL-6 levels correlates with increased mortality after injury or an inflammatory challenge. We previously reported that aged IL-6 knockout mice given LPS have improved survival and reduced inflammatory response than LPS-treated aged wild type (WT) mice. Herein, we analyzed the effects of aging and IL-6 on the hepatic inflammatory response in two models of systemic injury: dorsal scald (burn) injury versus intraperitoneal LPS administration. At 24 h after burn injury, circulating alanine aminotransferase and hepatic neutrophil accumulation were comparable regardless of age or IL-6 deficiency. However, at this same time point, these indicators of liver damage, in addition to hepatic levels of KC, a neutrophil chemoattractant, were increased in aged WT mice given LPS relative to young WT mice given LPS. The hepatic injury was drastically reduced in aged IL-6 knockout mice given LPS as compared with LPS-exposed aged WT mice. Our results suggest that the nature of the insult will determine the degree of remote injury in aged animals. In addition, the role of IL-6 as a contributing factor of tissue injury may be insult specific.
Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 02/2009; 31(2):178-84. · 2.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Synovial sarcoma in its classic biphasic form can be distinguished readily from other soft tissue lesions; however, monophasic and poorly differentiated forms are diagnostically more problematic. For this reason, we assessed the efficacy of immunostaining for SYT and SSX1 proteins, the gene products resulting from unique synovial sarcoma translocation, to distinguish synovial sarcoma from other soft tissue lesions. A total number of 146 cases were analyzed, including 47 synovial sarcoma cases (all of which were verified by FISH to have t(X; 18) translocation and SYT-SSX fusion gene) and 99 soft tissue tumors of various types. A polyclonal IgG antibody against SYT was used to stain formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Forty-one out of 47 (87%) synovial sarcoma displayed strong positive nuclear staining (ranging from 80 to 90% of the tumor cells) for SYT antibody. Nineteen of 99 (19%) non-synovial sarcoma cases showed variable nuclear and cytoplasmic staining with SYT, which ranged from 20 to 60% of tumor nuclei, and included malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (5/25), solitary fibrous tumor (2/14), Ewing sarcoma (2/6), low grade fibromyxoid tumor (2/4), extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (2/6), gastrointestinal tumor (4/17), epithelioid sarcoma (2/2). The remaining non-synovial sarcomas were negative. This is the first study demonstrating SYT protein expression in tissue sections of synovial sarcoma. This method could provide an easy, rapid and widely applicable means of assisting in the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, particularly when material and/or resources are unavailable for PCR or FISH-based testing. However, as variable weak staining for SYT may be encountered in a small percentage of non-synovial sarcoma sarcomas, a positive interpretation should be made only when the staining is strong, nuclear and present in the majority of cells.
Modern Pathology 06/2007; 20(5):522-8. · 4.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aged population is at a higher risk of mortality as a result of complications of injury or infection, such as acute lung injury. The objective of this study was to analyze pulmonary inflammatory responses in young and aged mice after administration of lipopolysaccharide.
Prospective, controlled laboratory study.
Animal resource facilities and research laboratory.
Young (2-3 months old) and aged (18-20 months old) female BALB/c mice.
Animals received intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Control mice received saline alone. After 24 hrs, mice were killed. Pulmonary neutrophil infiltration was assessed histologically and by myeloperoxidase activity. Pulmonary levels of the CXC chemokines, monocyte inflammatory protein-2 and KC, and cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta, were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Lungs of aged mice given lipopolysaccharide showed a six-fold higher neutrophil infiltration and three-fold higher level of myeloperoxidase activity than lungs of young mice given lipopolysaccharide. Pulmonary levels of monocyte inflammatory protein-2 and KC were significantly higher in the lungs of aged mice given lipopolysaccharide, compared with younger mice. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in the lung were analyzed as well. After lipopolysaccharide treatment, there was no difference in the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lungs of young and aged animals, but interleukin-1beta was two-fold higher in the lungs of the aged group. These data suggest that at this time point, interleukin-1beta may contribute to the higher production of CXC chemokines observed in lungs of aged mice vs. young mice receiving lipopolysaccharide.
The hyperreactive systemic inflammatory response seen in aged individuals after lipopolysaccharide administration is accompanied by an exacerbated pulmonary inflammatory response, which may contribute to the higher mortality seen in the aged given an inflammatory insult.
Critical Care Medicine 02/2007; 35(1):246-51. · 6.33 Impact Factor
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Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 05/2004; 128(4):e63-4. · 2.58 Impact Factor
