Publications (53)9.11 Total impact
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Article: Decadal record of satellite carbon monoxide observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 01/2013; 13(2):837-850. -
Article: Infrared measurements in the Arctic using two Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers
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ABSTRACT: The Extended-range Atmospheric Emitted Ra-diance Interferometer (E-AERI) is a moderate resolution (1 cm −1) Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for mea-suring the absolute downwelling infrared spectral radiance from the atmosphere between 400 and 3000 cm −1 . The ex-tended spectral range of the instrument permits monitoring of the 400–550 cm −1 (20–25 µm) region, where most of the infrared surface cooling currently occurs in the dry air of the Arctic. Spectra from the E-AERI have the potential to provide information about radiative balance, trace gases, and cloud properties in the Canadian high Arctic. Calibra-tion, performance evaluation, and certification of the E-AERI were performed at the University of Wisconsin Space Sci-ence and Engineering Centre from September to October 2008. The instrument was then installed at the Polar Envi-ronment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) Ridge Lab (610 m altitude) at Eureka, Nunavut, in October 2008, where it acquired one year of data. Measurements are taken every seven minutes year-round, including polar night when the solar-viewing spectrometers at PEARL are not operated. A similar instrument, the University of Idaho's Polar AERI (P-AERI), was installed at the Zero-altitude PEARL Auxil-iary Laboratory (0PAL), 15 km away from the PEARL Ridge Lab, from March 2006 to June 2009. During the period of overlap, these two instruments provided calibrated radiance measurements from two altitudes. A fast line-by-line radia-tive transfer model is used to simulate the downwelling ra-diance at both altitudes; the largest differences (simulation-measurement) occur in spectral regions strongly influenced by atmospheric temperature and/or water vapour. The two AERI instruments at close proximity but located at two dif-ferent altitudes are well-suited for investigating cloud forc-ing. As an example, it is shown that a thin, low ice cloud resulted in a 6 % increase in irradiance. The presence of clouds creates a large surface radiative forcing in the Arctic, particularly in the 750–1200 cm −1 region where the down-welling radiance is several times greater than clear-sky radi-ances, which is significantly larger than in other more humid regions.01/2012; 5:329-344. -
Article: Validation of ACE and OSIRIS ozone and NO2 measurements using ground-based instruments at 80° N
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ABSTRACT: The Optical Spectrograph and Infra-Red Imager System (OSIRIS) and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) have been taking measurements from space since 2001 and 2003, respectively. This paper presents intercomparisons between ozone and NO2 measured by the ACE and OSIRIS satellite instruments and by ground-based instruments at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL), which is located at Eureka, Canada (80° N, 86° W) and is operated by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC). The ground-based instruments included in this study are four zenith-sky differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments, one Bruker Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and four Brewer spectrophotometers. Ozone total columns measured by the DOAS instruments were retrieved using new Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) guidelines and agree to within 3.2%. The DOAS ozone columns agree with the Brewer spectrophotometers with mean relative differences that are smaller than 1.5%. This suggests that for these instruments the new NDACC data guidelines were successful in producing a homogenous and accurate ozone dataset at 80° N. Satellite 14-52 km ozone and 17-40 km NO2 partial columns within 500 km of PEARL were calculated for ACE-FTS Version 2.2 (v2.2) plus updates, ACE-FTS v3.0, ACE-MAESTRO (Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation) v1.2 and OSIRIS SaskMART v5.0x ozone and Optimal Estimation v3.0 NO2 data products. The new ACE-FTS v3.0 and the validated ACE-FTS v2.2 partial columns are nearly identical, with mean relative differences of 0.0 ± 0.2% for ozone and -0.2 ± 0.1% for v2.2 minus v3.3 NO2. Ozone columns were constructed from 14-52 km satellite and 0-14 km ozonesonde partial columns and compared with the ground-based total column measurements. The satellite-plus-sonde measurements agree with the ground-based ozone total columns with mean relative differences of 0.1-7.3%. For NO2, partial columns from 17 km upward were scaled to noon using a photochemical model. Mean relative differences between OSIRIS, ACE-FTS and ground-based NO2 measurements do not exceed 20%. ACE-MAESTRO measures more NO2 than the other instruments, with mean relative differences of 25-52%. Seasonal variation in the differences between partial columns is observed, suggesting that there are systematic errors in the measurements, the photochemical model corrections, and/or in the coincidence criteria. For ozone spring-time measurements, additional coincidence criteria based on stratospheric temperature and the location of the polar vortex were found to improve agreement between some of the instruments. For ACE-FTS v2.2 minus Bruker FTIR, the 2007-2009 spring-time mean relative difference improved from -5.0 ± 0.4% to -3.1 ± 0.8% with the dynamical selection criteria. This was the largest improvement, likely because both instruments measure direct sunlight and therefore have well-characterized lines-of-sight compared with scattered sunlight measurements. For NO2, the addition of a ±1° latitude coincidence criterion improved spring-time intercomparison results, likely due to the sharp latitudinal gradient of NO2 during polar sunrise. The differences between satellite and ground-based measurements do not show any obvious trends over the missions, indicating that both the ACE and OSIRIS instruments continue to perform well.Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions. 12/2011; 5:517-588. -
Article: Simultaneous trace gas measurements using two Fourier transform spectrometers at Eureka, Canada during spring 2006, and comparisons with the ACE-FTS
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ABSTRACT: The 2006 Canadian Arctic ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) Validation Campaign collected mea-surements at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL, 86.42 • W, 80.05 • N, 610 m a.s.l.) at Eu-reka, Canada from 17 February to 31 March 2006. Two of the ten instruments involved in the campaign, both Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs), were operated simultane-ously, recording atmospheric solar absorption spectra. The first instrument was an ABB Bomem DA8 high-resolution infrared FTS. The second instrument was the Portable At-mospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the In-frared (PARIS-IR), the ground-based version of the satellite-borne FTS on the ACE satellite (ACE-FTS). From the mea-surements collected by these two ground-based instruments, total column densities of seven stratospheric trace gases (O 3 , HCl, ClONO 2 , HF, HNO 3 , NO 2 , and NO) were retrieved using the optimal estimation method and these results were compared. Since the two instruments sampled the same por-tions of atmosphere by synchronizing observations during the campaign and used consistent retrieval parameters, the biases in retrieved columns from the two spectrometers rep-resent the instrumental differences. Mean differences in total column densities of O 3 , HCl, ClONO 2 , HF, HNO 3 , and NO 2 from the observations between PARIS-IR and the DA8 FTS are 2.8 %, −3.2 %, −4.3 %, −1.5 %, −1.9 %, and −0.1 %, respectively. Partial column results from the ground-based Correspondence to: K. A. Walker (kwalker@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca) spectrometers were also compared with partial columns de-rived from ACE-FTS version 2.2 (including updates for O 3) profiles. Mean differences in partial column densities of O 3 , HCl, ClONO 2 , HF, HNO 3 , NO 2 , and NO from the mea-surements between ACE-FTS and the DA8 FTS are −5.9 %, −8.5 %, −11.8 %, −0.9 %, −6.6 %, −21.6 % and −7.6 % respectively. Mean differences in partial column densities of O 3 , HCl, ClONO 2 , HF, HNO 3 , NO 2 from the measurements between ACE-FTS and the PARIS-IR are −5.2 %, −4.6 %, −2.3 %, −4.7 %, 5.7 % and −11.9 %, respectively. This work provides further evidence of the reliability of ACE-FTS measurements from the first three years of on-orbit observa-tions. Column densities of O 3 , HCl, ClONO 2 , and HNO 3 from the three FTSs were normalized with respect to HF and used to compare the time evolution of the chemical con-stituents in the atmosphere over Eureka during spring 2006.Atmos. Chem. Phys. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 07/2011; 11(13):5383-5405. -
Article: Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT): Long-Term Measurements of Carbon Monoxide Across the Globe
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ABSTRACT: The MOPITT instrument was launched on the Terra satellite in December 1999. At the present time it is well on the way (9+ years) to providing a decade-long time series of carbon monoxide in the troposphere. This unique dataset has provided us with great insights into the production, distribution and transport of pollutants around the globe. With a long dataset comes the opportunity to look at multiple instances of events such as El Nino and to assess the longer term variations of carbon monoxide (CO) across the globe. This poster will look at what the MOPITT dataset tells us (and does not tell us) about the long-term issues for CO, whether there is such a thing as a "typical year" and how MOPITT is positioned as it begins a second decade of measurements. The MOPITT instrument was supplied to the Terra spacecraft by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The prime contractor for MOPITT was COMDEV of Cambridge, Ontario. Funding for MOPITT science analysis in Canada has been supplied by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the CSA. Data processing in the US has been supported by NASA who also funded the spacecraft.AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts. 04/2009; -1:20. -
Article: Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents extensive {bias determination} analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from nearly 20 satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the average values of the mean relative differences are nearly all within +1 to +8%. At higher altitudes (45–60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments, with mean relative differences of up to +40% (about +20% on average). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, mean relative differences are within ±10% (average values within ±6%) between 18 and 40 km for both the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (~35–55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (with mean relative differences down to −10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS, indicating a large positive bias (mean relative differences within +10 to +30%) in the 45–55 km altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant systematic difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 01/2009; · 4.88 Impact Factor -
Article: An extreme CO pollution event over Indonesia measured by the MOPITT instrument
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ABSTRACT: In the fall of 2006, the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument on the Terra satellite observed an extremely high Carbon monoxide (CO) concentration over Indonesia. This extreme event was caused by huge fire activity during the 2006 El Nino event. From our comparison with other high CO pollution events over Indonesia during similar and moderate El Nino events, we conclude that the 2006 fire activity, which caused large-scale pollution in this region, was probably amplified by an increase in frequency and/or intensity of lightning activity in a feedback mechanism. We also observed that after the fire episodes in El Nino years, the "lightning rate" was less than during the fire episode but displayed an increasing trend across the three events observed that might have been be caused by interactions with fire smoke plumes.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 01/2009; -
Article: The Potential for Solar Occultation Studies of the Atmosphere of Mars
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ABSTRACT: Solar occultation infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy has been successfully applied to the study of the composition of the Earth's atmosphere by many instruments including the free-flying Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the shuttle-based Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS). However, looking beyond the Earth it is possible, with surprisingly few instrumental changes, to consider probing the atmosphere of other planets such as Mars. Elucidation of the present composition and isotopic nature of the atmosphere of Mars is relevant to studies of the planet, past and present; to the landing of future missions through better understanding of the atmosphere that these landers must pass through; and to the question of the presence of life on the planet, either now or at some time in the past. This paper will discuss the instrument and mission requirements as well as the science goals for an infrared Fourier transform spectrometer for investigating the atmospheric composition of Mars.AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 11/2008; -1:0078. -
Article: Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents extensive validation analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE-MAESTRO) instrument. The ACE satellite instruments operate in the mid-infrared and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral regions using the solar occultation technique. In order to continue the long-standing record of solar occultation measurements from space, a detailed quality assessment is required to evaluate the ACE data and validate their use for scientific purposes. Here we compare the latest ozone data products from ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO with coincident observations from satellite-borne, airborne, balloon-borne and ground-based instruments, by analysing volume mixing ratio profiles and partial column densities. The ACE-FTS version 2.2 Ozone Update product reports more ozone than most correlative measurements from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. At altitude levels from 16 to 44 km, the mean differences range generally between 0 and +10% with a slight but systematic positive bias (typically +5%). At higher altitudes (45–60 km), the ACE-FTS ozone amounts are significantly larger than those of the comparison instruments by up to ~40% (typically +20%). For the ACE-MAESTRO version 1.2 ozone data product, agreement within ±10% (generally better than ±5%) is found between 18 and 40 km for the sunrise and sunset measurements. At higher altitudes (45–55 km), systematic biases of opposite sign are found between the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise and sunset observations. While ozone amounts derived from the ACE-MAESTRO sunrise occultation data are often smaller than the coincident observations (by as much as −10%), the sunset occultation profiles for ACE-MAESTRO show results that are qualitatively similar to ACE-FTS and indicate a large positive bias (+10 to +30%) in this altitude range. In contrast, there is no significant difference in bias found for the ACE-FTS sunrise and sunset measurements. These systematic effects in the ozone profiles retrieved from the measurements of ACE-FTS and ACE-MAESTRO are being investigated. This work shows that the ACE instruments provide reliable, high quality measurements from the tropopause to the upper stratosphere and can be used with confidence in this vertical domain.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 01/2008; -
Article: Validation of NO<sub>2</sub> and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)
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ABSTRACT: Vertical profiles of NO<sub>2</sub> and NO have been obtained from solar occultation measurements by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), using an infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer, ACE-FTS, and an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrometer, MAESTRO (Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation). In this paper, the quality of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 NO<sub>2</sub> and NO and the MAESTRO version 1.2 NO<sub>2</sub> data are assessed using other solar occultation measurements (HALOE, SAGE II, SAGE III, POAM III, SCIAMACHY), stellar occultation measurements (GOMOS), limb measurements (MIPAS, OSIRIS), nadir measurements (SCIAMACHY), balloon measurements (SPIRALE, SAOZ) and ground-based measurements (UV-VIS, FTIR). Time differences between the comparison measurements were reduced using either a tight coincidence criterion, or where possible, chemical box models. ACE-FTS NO<sub>2</sub> and NO and the MAESTRO NO<sub>2</sub> are generally consistent with the correlative data. The ACE-FTS NO<sub>2</sub> VMRs agree with the satellite data sets to within about 20% between 25 and 40 km, and suggest a negative bias between 23 and 40 km of about extminus10%. In comparisons with HALOE, ACE-FTS NO VMRs typically agree to ±8% from 22 to 64 km and to +10% from 93 to 105 km. Partial column comparisons for NO<sub>2</sub> show that there is fair agreement between the ACE instruments and the FTIRs, with a mean difference of +7.3% for ACE-FTS and +12.8% for MAESTRO.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 01/2008; -
Article: Validation of water vapour profiles from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)
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ABSTRACT: The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) mission was launched in August 2003 to sound the atmosphere by solar occultation. Water vapour (H2O), one of the most important molecules for climate and atmospheric chemistry, is one of the key species provided by the two principal instruments, the infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and the MAESTRO UV-Visible spectrometer (ACE-MAESTRO). The first instrument performs measurements on several lines in the 1362–2137 cm−1 range, from which vertically resolved H2O concentration profiles are retrieved, from 7 to 90 km altitude. ACE-MAESTRO measures profiles using the water absorption band in the near infrared part of the spectrum at 926.0–969.7 nm. This paper presents a comprehensive validation of the ACE-FTS profiles. We have compared the H2O volume mixing ratio profiles with space-borne (SAGE II, HALOE, POAM III, MIPAS, SMR) observations and measurements from balloon-borne frostpoint hygrometers and a ground based lidar. We show that the ACE-FTS measurements provide H2O profiles with small retrieval uncertainties in the stratosphere (better than 5% from 15 to 70 km, gradually increasing above). The situation is unclear in the upper troposphere, due mainly to the high variability of the water vapour volume mixing ratio in this region. A new water vapour data product from the ACE-MAESTRO (Measurement of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation) is also presented and initial comparisons with ACE-FTS are discussed.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 01/2008; -
Article: Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 01/2008; 8:2513-2656. -
Article: Validation of ozone measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE)
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 01/2008; 8(8):2513-2656. -
Article: Intercomparison of ground-based ozone and NO<sub>2</sub> measurements during the MANTRA 2004 campaign
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ABSTRACT: The MANTRA (Middle Atmosphere Nitrogen TRend Assessment) 2004 campaign took place in Vanscoy, Saskatchewan, Canada (52° N, 107° W) from 3 August to 15 September, 2004. In support of the main balloon launch, a suite of five zenith-sky and direct-Sun-viewing UV-visible ground-based spectrometers was deployed, primarily measuring ozone and NO<sub>2</sub> total columns. Three Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) that were part of the balloon payload also performed ground-based measurements of several species, including ozone. Ground-based measurements of ozone and NO<sub>2</sub> differential slant column densities from the zenith-viewing UV-visible instruments are presented herein. They are found to partially agree within NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) standards for instruments certified for process studies and satellite validation. Vertical column densities of ozone from the zenith-sky UV-visible instruments, the FTSs, a Brewer spectrophotometer, and ozonesondes are compared, and found to agree within the combined error estimates of the instruments (15%). NO<sub>2</sub> vertical column densities from two of the UV-visible instruments are compared, and are also found to agree within combined error (15%).Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 01/2007; -
Article: Intercomparison of UV-visible measurements of ozone and NO2 during the Canadian Arctic ACE validation campaigns: 2004-2006
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ABSTRACT: The first three Canadian Arctic ACE validation campaigns were held during polar sunrise at Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80° N, 86° W) from 2004 to 2006 in support of validation of the ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) satellite mission. Three or four zenith-sky viewing UV-visible spectrometers have taken part in each of the three campaigns. The differential slant column densities and vertical column densities from these instruments have been compared following the methods of the UV-visible Working Group of the NDACC (Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change). The instruments are found to partially agree within the required accuracies for both species, although both the vertical and slant column densities are more scattered than required. This might be expected given the spatial and temporal variability of the Arctic stratosphere in spring. The vertical column densities are also compared to integrated total columns from ozonesondes and integrated partial columns from the ACE-FTS (ACE-Fourier Transform Spectrometer) and ACE-MAESTRO (ACE-Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation) instruments on board ACE. For both species, the columns from the ground-based instruments and the ozonesondes are found to generally agree within their combined error bars. The ACE-FTS ozone partial columns and the ground-based total columns agree within 4.5%, averaged over the three campaigns. The ACE-MAESTRO ozone partial columns are generally smaller than those of the ground-based instruments, by an average of 9.9%, and are smaller than the ACE-FTS columns by an average of 14.4%. The ACE-FTS NO2 partial columns are an average of 13.4% smaller than the total columns from the ground-based instruments, as expected. The ACE-MAESTRO NO2 partial columns are larger than the total columns of the ground-based instruments by an average of 2.5% and larger than the partial columns of the ACE-FTS by an average of 15.5%.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 01/2007; 71(6):16283-16347. -
Article: MOPITT Observations of Large Horizontal Gradients in Atmospheric CO at the Synoptic Scale
09/2005; -
Article: Atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE): mission overview
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ABSTRACT: 1] SCISAT-1, also known as the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), is a Canadian satellite mission for remote sensing of the Earth's atmosphere. It was launched into low Earth circular orbit (altitude 650 km, inclination 74°) on 12 Aug. 2003. The primary ACE instrument is a high spectral resolution (0.02 cm À1) Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) operating from 2.2 to 13.3 mm (750– 4400 cm À1). The satellite also features a dual spectrophotometer known as MAESTRO with wavelength coverage of 285– 1030 nm and spectral resolution of 1 –2 nm. A pair of filtered CMOS detector arrays records images of the Sun at 0.525 and 1.02 mm. Working primarily in solar occultation, the satellite provides altitude profile information (typically 10– 100 km) for temperature, pressure, and the volume mixing ratios for several dozen molecules of atmospheric interest, as well as atmospheric extinction profiles over the latitudes 85°N to 85°S. This paper presents a mission overview and some of the first scientific results.Geophys. Res. Lett. 01/2005; 32:15-1. -
Article: Climatology and predictability of the late summer stratospheric zonal wind turnaround over Vanscoy, Saskatchewan
Atmosphere-Ocean. 01/2005; 43(4):301-313. -
Article: Increased Northern Hemispheric Tropospheric CO Burden in 2002 And 2003 Detected From the Ground and From a Satellite
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ABSTRACT: Carbon monoxide total column amounts in the atmosphere have been measured between January 2002 and December 2003 in the High Northern Hemisphere (30°-90° N, HNH) using infrared spectrometers of high and moderate resolutions. They were compared to the mixing ratios measured in the surface layer and to the total column amounts measured by the Terra/MOPITT instrument. All the data reveal increased CO abundances in comparison with other years. Maximum anomalies (deviations from the "normal" monthly means, averaged over 2000- 2001 or over 1996 - 2001) were observed in October 2002 and August 2003. Nonetheless, these enhancements were twice as little comparing to the record high CO anomaly in October 1998. Most likely, CO emissions from the strong boreal forest fires in Russia and in Canada induced increasing CO burdens.AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts. 04/2004; -1:01. -
Article: Increased Northern Hemispheric carbon monoxide burden in the troposphere in 2002 and 2003 detected from the ground and from space
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ABSTRACT: Carbon monoxide total column amounts in the atmosphere have been measured in the High Northern Hemisphere (30°–90° N, HNH) between January 2002 and December 2003, based on the analysis of infrared solar spectra recorded with spectrometers of high and moderate resolution. They are compared to ground-level CO mixing ratios and to total column amounts measured from space by the Terra/MOPITT instrument. In comparison to the unperturbed 2000–2001 period, all these databases reveal increased CO abundances in 2002–2003 summer-autumn times, with maximum anomalies observed in September 2002 and August 2003. Using a simple two-box model, the corresponding annual CO emission anomalies have been found equal to 98 Tg in 2002 and 142 Tg in 2003, thus close to those for 1996 and 1998. It is most likely that strong boreal forest fires in the HNH induced the increased CO burdens.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 01/2004;
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1994–2011
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University of Toronto
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Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2007–2009
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Dalhousie University
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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