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ABSTRACT: This study compared the efficacy and safety of single oral doses of 60 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg paracetamol in fit young adult patients undergoing third molar extractions. The study was a randomised, blinded, crossover design on 20 young, fit adults. Paracetamol was administered 30 minutes prior to the surgical extraction of the teeth, which was done under intravenous sedation and local anaesthesia. There were no clinically or statistically significant differences in the pain scores between 60 mg/kg or 90 mg/kg doses until the intake of rescue analgesics. There was a reduction in factor VII activity with 90 mg/kg dose compared to 60 mg/kg dose. It may be concluded that the 90 mg/kg dose, though safe, does not offer any advantages over 60 mg/kg dose of paracetamol in young fit adults undergoing third molar surgery.
Anaesthesia and intensive care 09/2007; 35(4):544-9. · 1.28 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to lecithin was investigated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Lecithin films were prepared by casting aliquots of 3.2 microg lecithin in methanol onto ZnSe ATR prisms. Surface morphology and the thickness of the films were investigated by laser scanning confocal electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and the thickness of the films used for adsorption studies was estimated to be 40 A. The dependency of the CO peak area on the lecithin mass in the calibration curve confirms that the thickness of the film is below the penetration depth of the infrared evanescent wave. Size exclusion HPLC and fluorescence spectroscopy show that BSA conformation in up to 1M NaCl and CaCl(2) solutions is similar to that in water with no aggregation or changes in protein conformation seen over 4h. The kinetics of BSA adsorption on the lecithin film from water, NaCl and CaCl(2) solutions demonstrates that ions promote the protein adsorption. BSA bound more in the presence of NaCl compared to CaCl(2) at equivalent concentrations. The adsorption appeared greatest at a 0.1M concentration for both NaCl and CaCl(2). The results are explained in terms of absorptive reactivity of BSA and lecithin surfaces upon salt addition.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics 07/2007; 337(1-2):40-7. · 3.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Two methods for the determination of sample volumes between 0.2 and 0.6 μl were compared by preparing standard curves for volumes over this range. The first method used a Periotron and the second the sample mass. A linear model was fitted and 95% confidence limits for volumes estimated by each method were calculated. This showed that use of either the maximum Periotron reading or the sample mass allowed estimation of volumes to within ±0.056 mUl and ±0.047 mUl respectively. It is proposed that measurement of sample mass provides a simple and accurate method to determine sample volume when analysing drug concentrations at specific sites in the oral cavity.
Journal of Periodontal Research 06/2006; 30(2):144 - 146. · 1.69 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: FT-Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate interactions between lecithin and cholesterol. Raman spectra of lecithin show multiple peaks which can be classified into three regions: hydrophobic chain, interfacial, and headgroup regions. Binary lipid mixtures (1:1, w/w, lecithin:cholesterol) were prepared by physical mixing, granulation, coprecipitation, hydration and heating (65 degrees C), and heating (120 degrees C). Regardless of the preparation method, no changes in the spectra were observed in the hydrophobic region. A shift in the wavenumber of the choline methyl asymmetric stretching mode was observed when the samples were prepared by coprecipitation, hydration and heating (65 degrees C), and heating (120 degrees C). This may indicate a modification of phospholipids in the headgroup region in these samples. The difference in degrees of frequency shift (physical mixing approximately granulation<coprecipitation approximately hydration and heating (65 degrees C)<heating (120 degrees C)) suggests that different levels of hydrogen bonding may have occurred in mixtures prepared with these methods. Multivariate analysis utilizing partial least squares regression based on selected wavenumber ranges was applied for the quantitative analysis of the amount of lecithin in lipid mixtures. Calibration models from physical mixing and heating (120 degrees C) exhibited lower R2 and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) values compared to the other models suggesting lower sample homogeneity for these preparation methods. Low values of the mean absolute residues and mean Mahalanobis distances imply that the calibration model generated from physical mixing samples may be appropriate for quantitative analysis of lecithin in lipid mixtures prepared by any of the other techniques.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 05/2006; 41(2):476-84. · 2.97 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Films containing 20% w/w chlorhexidine base (particle size 63-125 microm) in poly(epsilon-caprolactone), MW 35,000-45,000, were prepared by solvent evaporation and sections attached to the mesio-lingual and mesio-buccal surfaces of the lower first molar in healthy volunteers. Saliva (<1.5 microl) was collected on Periopaper and chlorhexidine concentrations measured by HPLC were typically higher in the area immediately adjacent to the tooth-bonded film sections and lower at more distant sites. Analysis of variance of chlorhexidine concentrations, adjacent to the film sections, showed concentrations were significantly different on the buccal and lingual sides of the tooth and depended on the time of sampling (n=5, P<0.05).
Journal of Controlled Release 10/1999; 61(3):337-43. · 5.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The effect of dilution of parenteral vehicles (organic cosolvent and 0.1 M cyclodextrin solutions) on cultured endothelial cells (HUV-EC) were compared in vitro. Cell morphology was observed by phase contrast light microscopy and cell viability by measuring 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction or intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and total protein. Disruption of the HUV-EC monolayer was observed at dilutions of 1 in 20 for the melphalan and PEP cosolvents, 1 in 100 for an investigational drug cosolvent, and 1 in 10 for 0.1 M dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin. In comparison, 0.1 M SBE7M- and HP-beta-cyclodextrin caused only minor disruption at a 1 in 5 dilution. MTT reduction, intracellular LDH, and total protein were decreased following exposure to 1 in 10 dilution of the melphalan cosolvent. For other test solutions, intracellular LDH activity and total protein were measured, and reductions were observed following exposure to 1 in 10, 20, and 50 dilutions of the investigational drug cosolvent and 1 in 5 dilution of DM-beta-cyclodextrin (0.1 M). At a dilution of 1 in 10, no delayed toxicity was observed for cosolvents or cyclodextrin solutions. Hence, 0.1 M SBE7M- or HP-beta-cyclodextrin formulations may be less damaging to the venous endothelium at the site of injection than organic cosolvent formulations.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 10/1998; 87(9):1138-43. · 3.06 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Two methods for the determination of sample volumes between 0.2 and 0.6 microliters were compared by preparing standard curves for volumes over this range. The first method used a Periotron and the second the sample mass. A linear model was fitted and 95% confidence limits for volumes estimated by each method were calculated. This showed that use of either the maximum Periotron reading or the sample mass allowed estimation of volumes to within +/- 0.056 microliter and +/- 0.047 microliter respectively. It is proposed that measurement of sample mass provides a simple and accurate method to determine sample volume when analysing drug concentrations at specific sites in the oral cavity.
Journal of Periodontal Research 04/1995; 30(2):144-6. · 1.69 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to lecithin was investigated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Lecithin films were prepared by casting aliquots of 3.2 μg lecithin in methanol onto ZnSe ATR prisms. Surface morphology and the thickness of the films were investigated by laser scanning confocal electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and the thickness of the films used for adsorption studies was estimated to be 40 Å. The dependency of the CO peak area on the lecithin mass in the calibration curve confirms that the thickness of the film is below the penetration depth of the infrared evanescent wave. Size exclusion HPLC and fluorescence spectroscopy show that BSA conformation in up to 1 M NaCl and CaCl2 solutions is similar to that in water with no aggregation or changes in protein conformation seen over 4 h. The kinetics of BSA adsorption on the lecithin film from water, NaCl and CaCl2 solutions demonstrates that ions promote the protein adsorption. BSA bound more in the presence of NaCl compared to CaCl2 at equivalent concentrations. The adsorption appeared greatest at a 0.1 M concentration for both NaCl and CaCl2. The results are explained in terms of absorptive reactivity of BSA and lecithin surfaces upon salt addition.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics.
