Zbigniew Szyguła

Publications of Zbigniew Szyguła

• The influence of single whole body cryostimulation treatment on the dynamics and the level of maximal anaerobic power.

  Authors: Andrzej T Klimek, Anna Lubkowska, Zbigniew Szyguła, Barbara Frączek, Monika Chudecka

  International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 06/2011; 24(2):184-91.

  The objective of this work was to determine the dynamics of maximal anaerobic power (MAP) of the lower limbs, following a single whole body cryostimulation treatment (WBC), in relation to theThe objective of this work was to determine the dynamics of maximal anaerobic power (MAP) of the lower limbs, following a single whole body cryostimulation treatment (WBC), in relation to the temperature of thigh muscles. The subjects included 15 men and 15 women with an average age (± SD) of 21.6 ± 1.2 years. To evaluate the level of anaerobic power, the Wingate test was applied. The subjects were submitted to 6 WBC treatments at -130°C once a day. After each session they performed a single Wingate test in the 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90th min after leaving the cryogenic chamber. The order of the test was randomized. All Wingate tests were preceded by an evaluation of thigh surface temperature with the use of a thermovisual camera. The average thigh surface temperature (T(av)) in both men and women dropped significantly after the whole body cryostimulation treatment, and next increased gradually. In women T(av) remained decreased for 75 min, whereas in men it did not return to the basal level until 90th min. A statistically insignificant decrease in MAP was observed in women after WBC. On the contrary, a non-significant increase in MAP was observed in men. The course of changes in MAP following the treatment was similar in both sexes to the changes in thigh surface temperature, with the exception of the period between 15th and 30th min. The shorter time to obtain MAP was observed in women till 90th min and in men till 45 min after WBC compared to the initial level. A single whole body cryostimulation may have a minor influence on short-term physical performance of supramaximal intensity, but it leads to improvement of velocity during the start as evidenced by shorter time required to obtain MAP.

• The effect of prolonged whole-body cryostimulation treatment with different amounts of sessions on chosen pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels in healthy men.

  Authors: Anna Lubkowska, Zbigniew Szyguła, Dariusz Chlubek, Giuseppe Banfi

  Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. 05/2011; 71(5):419-25.

  Cryotherapy is used in the early treatment of acute injuries (sprains, strains, fractures) yet only a few papers discuss the possible influence of whole-body cryostimulation on inflammationCryotherapy is used in the early treatment of acute injuries (sprains, strains, fractures) yet only a few papers discuss the possible influence of whole-body cryostimulation on inflammation mechanisms or immunology. It is postulated that cold exposure can have an immunostimulating effect related to enhanced noradrenaline response and can be connected with paracrine effects. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different sequences of whole-body cryostimulations on the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in healthy individuals. The research involved 45 healthy men divided into three groups. The groups were subjected to 5, 10 or 20, 3-minute long whole-body cryostimulations each day at -130°C. Blood was collected for analysis before the stimulations, after completion of the whole series, and 2 weeks after completion of the series, for the examination of any long-term effect. The analysis of results showed that in response to cryostimulation, the level of ani-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 increased while Il-1α cytokine level decreased. It seems that the most advantageous sequence was the series of 20 cryostimulations due to the longest lasting effects of stimulation after the completion of the whole series of treatments.

• Changes in blood pressure with compensatory heart rate decrease and in the level of aerobic capacity in response to repeated whole-body cryostimulation in normotensive, young and physically active men.

  Authors: Anna Lubkowska, Zbigniew Szyguła

  International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 01/2010; 23(4):367-75.

  In Poland and all over the world, whole-body cryostimulation is becoming more and more popular in the treatment of different diseases and in sport. However, changes that occur in the human bodyIn Poland and all over the world, whole-body cryostimulation is becoming more and more popular in the treatment of different diseases and in sport. However, changes that occur in the human body subjected to cryogenic temperatures are still not completely understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in blood circulation and aerobic capacity induced by repeated exposure to whole-body cryostimulation of young and clinically healthy male subjects. The study included 25 young men, aged 21 ± 0.9 years, average body weight 74.65 ± 6.98 kg and height 179.5 ± 5.12 cm. The participants were exposed to extremely low temperatures in a cryogenic chamber once a day for 15 days. Each session lasted 3 min at -130°C and was preceded by 30-second, adaptation in a vestibule at -60°C. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before entering the chamber, immediately after exiting and 10 min later. We also calculated pulse pressure and the mean arterial blood pressure. Before and after the treatment the maximal oxygen uptake was measured. Our results showed a significant increase in systolic blood pressure after each cryostimulation (by an average of 19 mmHg) and an increase in diastolic blood pressure only after the first cryostimulation (by 6 mm Hg). The increase in systolic blood pressure was accompanied by a significant decrease in heart rate (by about 7 bpm). No adaptation changes were observed after 15 treatments. There were no changes in aerobic capacity after 15 sessions of WBC, however we observed a significant decrease in RBC and hemoglobin concentration. Due to the increase in systolic blood pressure after WBC, this kind of physiotherapy treatment is not recommended for people with advanced or not pharmacologically controlled hypertension.

• Changes in the lipid profile of blood serum in women taking sauna baths of various duration.

  Authors: Wanda Pilch, Zbigniew Szyguła, Andrzej T Klimek, Tomasz Pałka, Tomasz Cisoń, Paweł Pilch, Masafumi Torii

  International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 01/2010; 23(2):167-74.

  There is little information on lipid metabolism after sauna treatment in the literature. The present research is aimed to determine the influence of sauna baths on fat metabolism in youngThere is little information on lipid metabolism after sauna treatment in the literature. The present research is aimed to determine the influence of sauna baths on fat metabolism in young women. Twenty healthy, eumenhorreic, female volunteers (19-21 yr old) were exposed to Finnish sauna bath seven times every second day. In group I (n = 10) each time the sauna treatment lasted 30 min, whereas in group II (n = 10) 40 min with 5-minute break to cool down. Body mass, heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and after sauna bath. Rectal temperature was monitored during stay in sauna room. Prior to the sauna bath and during its last two minutes the minute oxygen uptake and the level of CO2 exhalation were analyzed in the exhaled air, and the respiratory quotient RQ was calculated. In the blood samples collected before the sauna bath and immediately afterwards hematocrit, hemoglobin, and lipid profile--total lipids, free fatty acids, total free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipids (HDL), low density lipids (LDL) were analyzed. Rectal temperature was lower in the last sauna bath than in the first one. Losses of plasma were greater during the seventh bath than during the first one. Acceleration of the metabolism of lipids occurs after every sauna bath. A reduced level of TC and LDLC and a raised level of HDL was observed after repeated sauna baths. After 2 weeks of repeated sauna session some changes in total cholesterol and concentration of LDLC were observed, while concentration of HDLC increased after 7th sauna bath in group I. Those kinds of changes may be good prognoses of ischemic heart disease prevention, but further research on the influence of sauna on fat metabolism is needed.

• Influence of the ten sessions of the whole body cryostimulation on aerobic and anaerobic capacity.

  Authors: Andrzej T Klimek, Anna Lubkowska, Zbigniew Szyguła, Monika Chudecka, Barbara Fraczek

  International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 01/2010; 23(2):181-9.

  The aim of this study was to determine the influence of whole body cryostimulation on aerobic and anaerobic capacities. To test the hypothesis that whole body cryostimulation improves physicalThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of whole body cryostimulation on aerobic and anaerobic capacities. To test the hypothesis that whole body cryostimulation improves physical capacity, thirty subjects (fifteen males and fifteen females) undertook two ergocycle trials before and after the ten sessions of cryogenic chamber treatment. To assess baseline aerobic capacity, the progressive cycle ergometer test was applied. This allowed determination of maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory thresholds. Twenty-second Wingate test was performed to assess baseline levels of anaerobic power. After finishing the treatments in the cryogenic chamber, the exercise protocol was repeated. Before the first, and after the last whole body cryostimulation, venous blood samples were drawn to determine basic blood values, including levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit. There were no changes in aerobic capacity, in both females and males, after ten sessions of 3-minute-long exposures to cryogenic temperature (-130 degrees C). Participation in the whole body cryostimulation caused an increase in maximal anaerobic power in males (from 11.1 to 11.9 W x kg(-1); P < 0.05), but not in females. It can be concluded that whole body cryostimulation can be beneficial, at least in males, for increasing anaerobic capacity in sport disciplines involving speed and strength.

• The influence of ambient temperature on power at anaerobic threshold determined based on blood lactate concentration and myoelectric signals.

  Authors: Aleksander Tyka, Tomasz Pałka, Anna Tyka, Tomasz Cisoń, Zbigniew Szyguła

  International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 01/2009; 22(1):1-6.

  Objectives: To compare the mechanical power and physiological parameters in males at the lactate (LAAT) and integrated electromyographic (IEMGAT) anaerobic thresholds during exercise testing at 23Objectives: To compare the mechanical power and physiological parameters in males at the lactate (LAAT) and integrated electromyographic (IEMGAT) anaerobic thresholds during exercise testing at 23 degrees C, 31 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Materials and Methods: Fifteen men aged 21.9+/-1.80 years performed an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer at pedal frequency of 60 rpm. The test began at the power output of 120 W which was increased by 30 W every 3 min. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide in expired air and minute ventilation were monitored. Venous blood samples were collected at 30 s before termination of each 3-min stage of test to determine the lactate anaerobic threshold. IEMGAT for vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were regarded as the inflection point at which a non-linear increase in IEMGAT occurred. Results: IEMGAT for VL and RF were similar for all the three temperatures. IEMGAT (VL and RF) correlated closely with LAAT at ambient temperatures of 23 degrees C (r = 0.91), 31 degrees C (r = 0.96) and 37 degrees C (r = 0.97). Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mechanical power at LAAT and IEMGAT was higher at 23 degrees C (202+/-26.5 W vs. 205+/-22.9 W) than at 31 degrees C (186+/-20.2 W vs. 186.2+/-20.2 W) and 37 degrees C (175.5+/-25.2 W vs. 175.3+/-20.0 W) for LAAT and IEMGAT respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Higher ambient temperature induced a decrease in the mechanical power at which the anaerobic threshold occurred. The high correlation between LAAT and IEMGAT (r = 0.91-0.97) indicated that IEMGAT can be used as a practical and reliable, non-invasive method for assessment of the anaerobic threshold.

• [The influence of diet and physical activity therapy on the body's composition of medium obesity women and men]

  Authors: Zbigniew Szyguła, Wanda Pilch, Zygmunt L Borkowski, Andrzej Bryła

  Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny. 02/2006; 57(3):283-94.

  In 56 women and 15 men the efficiency of two weeks diet and physical activity therapy was evaluated. The following parameters before and after the therapy were measured: BM, BMI, LBM, WHR and the fatIn 56 women and 15 men the efficiency of two weeks diet and physical activity therapy was evaluated. The following parameters before and after the therapy were measured: BM, BMI, LBM, WHR and the fat mass (FATkg and FAT%). The subjects were divided into four groups depending on sex: (group of men and group of women), and value of BMI (group of persons with BMI lower than 27 and group of persons with BMI higher than 27). Both, body mass, content of fat and BMI decreased in all groups after two weeks of therapy.

• Acute effect of a single whole-body cryostimulation on prooxidant–antioxidant balance in blood of healthy, young men

  Authors: Anna Lubkowska, Monika Chudecka, Andrzej Klimek, Zbigniew Szyguła, Barbara Frączek

  Journal of Thermal Biology.

  1.We have examined the prooxidative–antioxidative reaction to extremely low temperatures (−130 °C) during a one-time cryostimulation in 15 young, clinically healthy individuals.2.The total lipid1.We have examined the prooxidative–antioxidative reaction to extremely low temperatures (−130 °C) during a one-time cryostimulation in 15 young, clinically healthy individuals.2.The total lipid peroxides as the total oxidative status (TOS) and the total antioxidative status (TAS) were measured in blood plasma collected in the morning of the day of cryostimulation, 30 min after the cryostimulation, and on the following morning.3.The level of stress expressed by total oxidative status in plasma, resulting from exposure to extremely low temperatures, was statistically significantly lowered 30 min after leaving the cryochamber than prior to the exposure. The next day, the TOS level still remained lower than the initial values. The TAS level decreased after leaving the cryochamber and remained elevated the following day.