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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Excessive weight gain has been observed in middle-aged cynomolgus monkeys. This study was designed to investigate the metabolic characteristics in overweight monkeys. METHODS: A total of 26 cynomolgus monkeys were grouped based on gender and body weight. Overweight was operationally defined as body weight heavier than 9.6 kg in males and 7.5 kg in females. They were monitored for glucose and insulin in fasting state, serum parameters, and somatometric measurements. RESULTS: Higher measurements of weight, body mass index (BMI), waist, hip, and waist/hip ratio (WHR) were the somatometric characteristics of overweight monkeys. Abdominal fat deposition was more prominent in females. Elevated total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and fasting glucose were observed in female overweight monkeys. Impaired insulin sensitivity occurred in overweight monkeys. CONCLUSION: Overweight could result in impaired insulin sensitivity. The metabolic changes were more prominent in female overweight monkeys.
Journal of Medical Primatology 08/2012; · 1.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Advanced human aging is associated with progressive declines of motor function and a risk factor for Parkinson's disease, which mainly involves central nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. The present study investigated age-related changes in motor behaviors and alterations of the number of nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminals in non-human primates. A total of 30 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) of age 3.5-15.5 years were studied. Motor behaviors including upper limb movement time and the amount of overall home cage activity were quantitatively assessed using a modified movement assessment panel and a newly developed webcam-based monitoring system. The function of the dopaminergic system was semi-quantitatively measured by (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 uptake rates, a dopamine transporter (DAT) specific radiopharmaceutical with SPECT imaging. The results showed a significant decline in motor behaviors associated with aging which were significantly correlated with age-related decreases of (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 uptake. A further partial correlation analysis independent of age indicated that age contributed to the relationship between striatal DAT levels and motor behaviors. Our results indicate that normal aging-related dopamine physiology influences certain aspects of motor behaviors and suggest that aging-associated dysfunction in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system may be an important factor contributing to the decline of motor behaviors in aging cynomolgus monkeys.
Acta Neurovegetativa 02/2012; 119(8):943-52. · 2.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study was designed to investigate the effect of aging on the glucose metabolism on cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys. A total of 33 cynomolgus monkeys in three aged groups were monitored for glucose levels, serum parameters in fasting state and somatometric measurements. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were also performed. Aging associated changes lies in the less secretion of insulin and C-peptide during IVGTT in cynomolgus monkeys. It was also found that impaired insulin sensitivity occurred in female monkeys during aging based on HOMA-IR and K(ITT) value. In addition, triglyceride level also rose with the increase of age. Less insulin secretion and impaired insulin sensitivity in female were the characteristic during the aging of cynomolgus monkeys in this study. Body mass index, weight and waist hip rate may be the relevant factors in insulin resistance of cynomolgus monkeys.
Biogerontology 11/2011; 13(2):147-55. · 3.34 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the effects of hyperoxia on inflammatory response in lung of infantile rats.
Forty 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: room-air control group and 12, 24, 48, 72 hours hyperoxia groups, with the rats continuously exposed to room-air and oxygen (92%-94%) respectively. The rats were sacrificed by depletion method, and lung tissue was obtained for bronchoalveolar lavage. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissue were assayed by thiobarbituric acid or chromometry, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The lung pathology was examined, and lung injury score was assessed.
Compared with the room-air control group, the contents of MDA [(2.24+/-0.43) mmol/g vs. (1.57+/-0.31) mmol/g] and the activities of MPO [(1.24+/-0.25) U/g vs. (0.69+/-0.22) U/g] from lung tissue were elevated at 12 hours and 24 hours of hyperoxia exposure, respectively, and they further increased with prolongation of hyperoxia exposure (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The values of TNF-alpha [(135.2+/-44.0) ng/L vs. (94.5+/-22.3) ng/L], IL-6 [(73.1+/-14.2) ng/L vs. (55.7+/-17.3) ng/L] and IL-10 [(67.9+/-21.7) ng/L vs. (48.2+/-7.6) ng/L] in BALF were all higher at 24 hours of hyperoxia exposure than those of the room-air control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but decreased at 48 hours of hyperoxia exposure compared with those of 24-hour hyperoxia exposure group [TNF-alpha: (105.4+/-17.0) ng/L, IL-6: (54.3+/-17.4) ng/L, IL-10: (50.9+/-6.9) ng/L, all P<0.05]. Lung injury scores were higher at 12 hours of hyperoxia exposure as compared with those of the room-air control group (4.5+/-1.4 vs. 1.3+/-0.5), and it further increased with prolongation of hyperoxia exposure (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
Hyperoxia can lead to lung inflammatory injury in infantile rats, and the expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 in BALF may reach the peak at 24 hours of hyperoxia exposure.
Zhongguo wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue = Chinese critical care medicine = Zhongguo weizhongbing jijiuyixue 07/2010; 22(7):389-92.
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ABSTRACT: The existence of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult nonhuman primates has been confirmed in recent years, however, the biological properties of adult neural stem cells or neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from this region remain to be extensively explored. The present work was to investigate on the expansion of NSCs/NPCs from the hippocampus of adult cynomolgus monkeys and the examination of their characteristics in vitro.
NPCs isolated from the hippocampus of adult cynomolgus monkeys were expanded in vitro in serum-free media containing growth factors, and were then allowed to differentiate by removing mitotic factors. The expansion capacity of NPCs and their differentiation potential were assayed by immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical analysis.
During primary culture, NPCs underwent cell division, proliferation and aggregation to form neurospheres that were growing in suspension. Without mitotic stimulation, most neurospheres adhered to the culture dish and started to differentiate. Eventually, nearly 12% of the differentiated cells expressed neuron specific marker-beta III-tubulin (Tuj1) and 84% expressed astrocyte specific marker-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In addition, the expression of a neural stem cell marker, nestin, was found both in NPCs and in the subgranular zone of adult monkey hippocampus, where NPCs were originally derived.
NPCs from the hippocampus of adult cynomolgus monkeys can be expanded to some extent in vitro and are capable of differentiating into neurons and astrocytes. Further experiments to promote the in vitro proliferation capacity of NPCs will be required before adult NPCs can be used as a useful cell model for studying adult neurogenesis and cell replacement therapy using adult stem cells.
Chinese medical journal 02/2006; 119(2):110-6. · 0.86 Impact Factor
