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ABSTRACT: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis (UC), are life-long and recurrent disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown etiology. The present study is designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Bauhinia tomentosa during ulcerative colitis (UC). Three groups of animals (n=6) were treated with B. tomentosa (5, 10, 20mg/kgB.wt respectively) for 5 consecutive days before induction of UC. UC was induced by intracolonic injection of 3% acetic acid. The colonic mucosal injury was assessed by macroscopic scoring and histological examination. Furthermore, the mucosal content of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity confirms that B. tomentosa could significantly inhibit colitis in a dose dependent manner. The myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression studies and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay also supported that B. tomentosa could significantly inhibit experimental colitis. The effect was comparable to the standard drug sulfasalazine. Colonic mucosal injury parallels with the result of histological and biochemical evaluations. The extracts obtained from B. tomentosa possess active substances, which exert marked protective effects in acute experimental colitis, possibly by regulating the antioxidant and inflammatory mediators.
International immunopharmacology 03/2013; · 2.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the present study, we have conducted a dose- and duration-dependent response of phytochemical extract of Thespesia populnea (Malvaceae) plant native of costal forest of India. Our earlier studies revealed the anti-oxidant and chemoprotective effect of this plant extract. In the present study, we have attempted to study the anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory response of T. populnea using experimental mouse models. Our studies revealed that administration of T. populnea methanol extract was shown to inhibit the solid tumor development in mice. T. populnea treatment significantly reduced tumor cell glutathione (GSH) levels as well as serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the tumor-bearing animals (p < 0.01). The total white blood cell count and hemoglobin levels were also significantly increased in extract-treated hosts (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The use of T. populnea substantially reduced the acute inflammation (assessed as paw edema) induced by carrageenan and also reduced inflammation edema induced by formalin. These studies suggest that T. populnea extract could be used as a (natural) anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 10/2012; · 1.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A methanolic extract of Rhizophora apiculata was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity against B16F10 melanoma cells in BALB/c mice. The administration of R. apiculata extract was shown to inhibit the solid tumor development in mice. R. apiculata treatment significantly reduced tumor cell glutathione (GSH) levels as well as serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the tumor-bearing animals. The total white blood cell count and hemoglobin levels were also significantly increased in extract-treated hosts. The use of R. apiculata substantially reduced the acute inflammation (assessed as paw edema) induced by carrageenan and also reduced inflammation edema induced by formalin. Analysis of this methanolic extract revealed a high content of 4-pyrrolidinyl, pyrazole, and ketone derivatives. These studies suggest that R. apiculata extract could be used as a (natural) anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent.
Journal of Immunotoxicology 07/2012; · 1.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Research on medicinal plants began to focus on discovery of natural products as potential active principles against various diseases. Medicinal plants are very interesting, have the ability to produce remarkable chemical structures with diverse biological activities. Biophytum sensitivum is used as traditional medicine to cure variety of diseases. During the last few decades, extensive research has been carried out to elucidate the chemistry, biological activities, and medicinal applications of B. sensitivum. Phytochemical analysis have shown that the plant parts are rich in various beneficial compounds which include amentoflavone, cupressuflavone, and isoorientin. Extracts and its bioactive compounds have been known to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, radioprotective, chemoprotective, antimetastatic, antiangiogenesis, wound-healing, immunomodulation, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective activity. The present review has been carried out to shed light on the diverse role of this plant in the management of various ailments facing us.
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research 04/2012; 3(2):83-91.
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ABSTRACT: A methanolic extract of Rhizophora apiculata was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity against B16F10 melanoma cells in BALB/c mice. The administration of R. apiculata extract was shown to inhibit the solid tumor development in mice. R. apiculata treatment significantly reduced tumor cell glutathione (GSH) levels as well as serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the tumor-bearing animals. The total white blood cell count and hemoglobin levels were also significantly increased in extract-treated hosts. The use of R. apiculata substantially reduced the acute inflammation (assessed as paw edema) induced by carrageenan and also reduced inflammation edema induced by formalin. Analysis of this methanolic extract revealed a high content of 4-pyrrolidinyl, pyrazole, and ketone derivatives. These studies suggest that R. apiculata extract could be used as a (natural) anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent.
Journal of Immunotoxicology 01/2012; · 1.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) is one of the major enzymes that play a key role in metastasis and angiogenesis. PHD regulates tumor progression by the degradation of hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF-α), an important factor associated with angiogenesis. This review will provide an overview of the role of PHD and HIF in tumor progression and how it can serve as potential targets for cancer therapy.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 01/2012; 33(3):568. · 1.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of A.nilotica extract against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma (DAL) induced solid and ascitic tumors in BALB/c mice. Experimental animals received A.nilotica extract (10 mg/kg.bw) intraperitoneally for 10 and 14 consecutive days before induction of solid and ascitic tumors, respectively. Treatment with A.nilotica extract significantly decreased the development of tumor and percentage increase in body weight when compared to DAL induced solid tumor control group, also increasing the life span, restoring the total white blood cell count and hemoglobin content and significantly decreasing the levels of serum aspartate transaminase (SGPT), alanine transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and nitric oxide (NO) when compared to DAL induced ascitic tumor controls. The treatment also reduced significantly the cellular glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide levels in treated animals. Histopathological studies also confirmed protective influence. The outcome of the present work indicates that A.nilotica extract could be used as natural anticancer agent for human health.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP 01/2012; 13(8):3989-95. · 0.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities caused by rapid and unexpected release of cellular components into the circulation as a result of massive destruction of rapidly proliferating malignant cells. It usually develops in patients with hematologic malignancies like acute lymphoid leukemia, non-Hodgkin and Burkitt's lymphoma after initiation of chemotherapy or may, rarely, occur spontaneously. Though TLS is seldom observed in relation to solid tumours, there have been reports of connections with examples such as lung, liver, breast, gastric carcinomas. The clinical manifestations of TLS include hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. These indications if untreated lead to life-threatening complications such as acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and eventually death due to multiorgan failure. Therefore early detection of TLS is of vital importance. This can be accomplished by identification of high risk patients, implementation of suitable prophylactic measures andmonitoring of the electrolyte levels in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP 01/2012; 13(8):3555-60. · 0.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Most of the synthetic chemotherapeutic agents used today are immunosuppressant and lead to numerous side effects. Plant based immunomodulators are employed as supportive therapy to counteract the undesirable side effects of chemotherapy. In the present study, the immunomodulatory and chemoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Acacia nilotica was investigated in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of the extract was found to significantly increase the Total WBC count, bone marrow cellularity and alpha-esterase positive cells. Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapeutic drug and induces acute myelosuppression but treatment with the extract was beneficial in ameliorating chemically induced toxicity. The administration of the extract considerably increased the Total WBC count (6800 +/- 733.9 cells/cm2), bone marrow cellularity (43.6 x 10(5) +/- 14.33 cells/femur) and alpha-esterase positive cells (808.6 +/- 8.57 cells/4000 cells) in CTX treated mice when compared to CTX alone treated control mice. Weight of lymphoid organs such as spleen and thymus reduced by CTX were enhanced by treatment with Acacia nilotica extract. It can be concluded that the extract possess immunostimulatory properties.
Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology 01/2012; 10(2):83-90.
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ABSTRACT: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are two conditions that have many features in common and are referred as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with IBD are predisposed to colorectal cancer (CRC). The present investigation evaluates the effect of marine mangrove Avicennia marina against acetic acid induced colitis. The treatment of A. marina extract significantly decreased the colonic lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and serum nitric oxide (NO) and significantly increased the colonic and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) level compared to colitis control. In addition A. marina extract significantly decreased the lesion score and wet colon weight compared to colitis control. The treatment with A. marina extract reflects its therapeutic activity against UC by minimal damage of colonic epithelial cells compared to colitis control during histopathology examination. These protective role of A. marina extract against UC could be attribute due to the presence of higher content of decanoic acid, diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA), pentanoic acid, pyrrolidine, 4-chlorophenyl, thiazolidinones and arabinopyranoside (flavonoid). These findings suggest that A. marina extract could be useful as a potential (natural) therapeutic agent for IBD.
Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology 01/2012; · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Mangrove plants are widely used folk remedies and ethno botanical literatures have described the usage of plant extracts to treat human diseases since time immemorial. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh (A. marina) commonly known as grey mangrove has been used as traditional medicine for decades with multifunctional biological activity. We have identified 60 different compounds in the methanolic extract of A. marina by GC/MS and LC/MS analysis. The methanolic extract of A. marina shows higher content of pentanoic acid, decanoic acid, diethylhydroxylamine,pyrrolidine, 4-chlorophenyl, octadecylisocyanate, thiazolidinones and arabinopyranoside (flavonoid) which could be used as an alternative herbal medicine with wide range of biological properties such as anti -oxidant,- tumor,-microbial, -inflammatory, -allergic, -ageing and -artherosclerotic with minimum risk of adverse effects and with maximum potency that ensure better quality of life during treatment.
Der Pharmacia Sinica. 01/2012; 3(1-2012, 3 (1):64-70):64-70.
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ABSTRACT: Chemotherapeutic drugs available today are immunosuppressant, cytotoxic and with variety of side effects in cancer chemotherapy. Plant based immunomodulators are often an auxiliary therapy to overcome the repulsive effects of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents and to restore immunity with normal health. Mangroves Rhizophora apiculata (R.apiculata) extract was found to protect mice from cyclophosphamide (CTX) induced leukopenia. The leukocyte counts in the R. apiculata extract treated animals was significantly increased (10425 ± 163 mm3) where the control group shows no significant increase (7855 ± 282 mm3). The leukocytes count in CTX induced group treated with R. apiculata extract shows significant increase (5235 ± 303 mm3) when compared with CTX induced group (3416 ± 172 mm3) on the same day. The hemoglobin level of CTX induced group treated with R. apiculata extract shows increase in the level compared with the CTX induced animals. The bone marrow cellularity and α-esterase activity was also significantly higher compared to normal group and CTX induced group. Moreover, R. apiculata extract prevented the loss of organ weight and is increased the organ weight in treated animals. This indicates the effciency of R. apiculata extract as an effective immunostimulant and better chemoprotectant against CTX induced toxicity in BALB/c mice.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 01/2012; · 1.83 Impact Factor
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Inflammopharmacology 06/2011;
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ABSTRACT: Chemotherapeutic drugs available today are immunosuppressant, cytotoxic and with variety of side effects in cancer chemotherapy. Plant based immunomodulators are often an auxiliary therapy to overcome the repulsive effects of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents and to restore immunity with normal health. Mangroves Rhizophora apiculata (R.apiculata) extract was found to protect mice from cyclophosphamide (CTX) induced leukopenia. The leukocyte counts in the R. apiculata extract treated animals was significantly increased (10425 ± 163 mm3) where the control group shows no significant increase (7855 ± 282 mm3). The leukocytes count in CTX induced group treated with R. apiculata extract shows significant increase (5235 ± 303 mm3) when compared with CTX induced group (3416 ± 172 mm3) on the same day. The hemoglobin level of CTX induced group treated with R. apiculata extract shows increase in the level compared with the CTX induced animals. The bone marrow cellularity and α-esterase activity was also significantly higher compared to normal group and CTX induced group. Moreover, R. apiculata extract prevented the loss of organ weight and is increased the organ weight in treated animals. This indicates the effciency of R. apiculata extract as an effective immunostimulant and better chemoprotectant against CTX induced toxicity in BALB/c mice.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 01/2011; · 1.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) is one of the major enzymes that play a key role in metastasis and angiogenesis. PHD regulates tumor progression by the degradation of hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF-α), an important factor associated with angiogenesis. This review will provide an overview of the role of PHD and HIF in tumor progression and how it can serve as potential targets for cancer therapy.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 01/2011; 33(3):568-75. · 1.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme- containing enzyme abundantly expressed in neutrophils. It catalyzes the reaction between chloride and hydrogen peroxide to generate a potent oxidant, hypochlorous acid (HOCl). It plays an important role in innate immune defense mechanism. However, excessive generation of MPO-derived oxidants has been linked to tissue damage and in the initiation and progression of diseases such as cancer which arise from chronic inflammation. The oxidant activity of MPO is believed to promote the metabolism of chemical carcinogens, cause DNA damage and compromise the repair process. It is also considered as important mediators of gastric ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) through its ability to catalyze the generation of reactive oxidants. A G-463 a polymorphism located in the promoter of the MPO gene plays an important role in its transcription. Moreover the reactive oxidants produced by neutrophilic enzyme have the potential to interact with tumour cells and contribute to their metastasis. There has been a considerable interest in the screening of plant extracts and compounds isolated from them for their potential use as HOCl scavengers. This review will discuss the role of MPO in tumour progression and provide an overview of its part in tumour metastasis and ulcer.
Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology 01/2011; 9(2):93-100.
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ABSTRACT: Lysyl oxidases (LysOX; EC 1.4.3.13, protein-lysine 6-oxidases) are extracellular copper enzymes that catalyze the cross-linking of collagens or elastin in the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby regulating the tensile strength of tissues. Recent implication of LysOX in cancer, wound healing, cell motility, chemotaxis, and differentiation reflects its remarkable functional diversity and also in the central nervous system pathologies. However, recent reports also demonstrated novel roles for LysOX, including the ability to regulate gene transcription, motility/migration, and cell adhesion. These diverse functions have led researchers to hypothesize that LysOX may have multiple roles affecting both extra- and intracellular cell function(s). Both down and up-regulation of LysOX in tumor tissues and cancer cell lines have been described, suggesting a dual role for LysOX as a tumor suppressor, as well as a metastasis promoter gene. In this review we explain in detail the role of lysyl oxidase in tumor progression and metastasis.
Inflammopharmacology 11/2010; 19(3):117-29.
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ABSTRACT: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an active metabolite of vitamin A under the family retinoid. Retinoids, through their cognate nuclear receptors, exert potent effects on cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, and have significant promise for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Differentiation therapy with ATRA has marked a major advance and become the first choice drug in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Conversions of 13-cis-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid to all-trans-retinoic acid is very rapid. Currently, two distinct families of retinoid responsive nuclear receptors have been identified and characterized: retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid receptors (RXRs), each of which include three isoforms, α,β,and γ. ATRA is being increasingly included in anti-tumour therapeutical schemes for the treatment of various tumoral diseases such as Kaposi's sarcoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, bladder cancer, neuroblastoma and has shown antiangiogenic effects in several systems, inhibiting proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and anti-inflammatory in rheumatoid arthritis. This review helps to understand in details about the ATRA and its role on cancer and it is predicted that modulating the activity of ATRA will soon provide novel prevention and treatment approaches for the cancer patients.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 10/2010; 33(2):241-9. · 1.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by NO synthase, is a mediator involved in different processes varying from neurotransmission, to affecting the vasculature. The role of NO in tumor development is multifaceted and depends on a variety of conditions that exist with in the cell. This review will discuss the pros and cons of NO in tumor progression and provide an overview of their significant part in metabolism, angiogenesis and their role in the activation of macrophages as well as tumor-associated macrophages. The role of natural products in the regulation of NO will also be discussed.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 09/2010; 32(3):387-92. · 1.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by NO synthase, is a mediator involved in different processes varying from neurotransmission, to affecting the vasculature. The role of NO in tumor development is multifaceted and depends on a variety of conditions that exist with in the cell. This review will discuss the pros and cons of NO in tumor progression and provide an overview of their significant part in metabolism, angiogenesis and their role in the activation of macrophages as well as tumor-associated macrophages. The role of natural products in the regulation of NO will also be discussed.
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 01/2010; 33(3):387. · 1.83 Impact Factor
