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C.S. Chen,
C.S. Liu,
C.H. Lee,
H.Y. Tsai,
H.P. Pu,
K.C. Hsu,
H.J. Kuo,
M.D. Cheng, C.Y. Wu,
S.L. Chiu,
K.C. Wu,
H.W. Chen,
C.W. Hsiao,
C.H. Tung,
M.J. Lii,
D.C.H. Yu
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ABSTRACT: The key technology challenges and solutions in the packaging and assembly of large dies and/or fine pitch on organic substrates for both the 40 and 28 nm technology nodes are reported. Both eutectic PbSn, Pb-free solders, and Cu pillar bumps were used in the flip chip packages. The key challenge of chip-package-integrations (CPI) due to the use of fragile extreme low-k (ELK) dielectric materials in the back-end-of-line (BEOL) layer has been resolved by the redesigning of the BEOL structure and optimizing the materials set including both the organic substrate and solder materials, along with process improvements.
Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), 2010 IEEE International; 01/2011
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ABSTRACT: The flow and segregation behaviours of the binary mixtures with different particle sizes during die filling in air and in a vacuum were investigated using a coupled discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in three dimensions (3D). Two types of computational setups were considered: i) a fully D model with real wall boundaries and ii) a thin sliced model with a slice of the full domain using two parallel periodic boundaries. Die filling with a stationary shoe and a moving shoe were simulated. It was found that the flow and segregation results obtained using the fully 3D and thin sliced models were essentially identical, implying that the thin sliced model can be used to simulate the die filling with a reduced computational time and good accuracy. It was also observed that, for die filling with a stationary shoe, the powder flow rate was reduced by the entrapped air in the die. For the die filling in a vacuum, vertical segregation occurred with a high concentration of fine particles at the bottom of the die as the fine particles can sift through the voids between coarse particles. The presence of air reduced the extent of this segregation by suppressing the percolation of fines through the voids. For die filling with a moving shoe, the effect of air on powder flow and segregation behaviours is negligible when the process is dominated by nose flow as considered in this study, since the air can readily escape from the die cavity. Segregation was also induced during die filling with a moving shoe, due to the free surface segregation and the filtration of fines through the voids between the coarse particles. Consequently, a high overall concentration of fines in the die was obtained, while the concentration of fines at the far end of the die was much lower than that at the near end.
Powder Technology - POWDER TECHNOL. 01/2011; 206(1):177-188.
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ABSTRACT: Chain-scattering-parameter matrices of equal-length multiple-section open stubs are developed in the z domain. All the zeros of the transfer scattering parameters of the multi-section stubs are examined in detail. The values of the characteristic impedances of the transmission lines synthesising the low-pass filter are adjusted according to the autoregressive process by optimisation algorithms. A Chebyshev-type II low-pass filter with high rejection is designed and implemented in the form of microstrip, and its frequency response is measured to validate the design method.
IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation 10/2010; · 0.68 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In 2001, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan Water Resources Agency, and Kaohsiung County Government jointly initiated an artificial wetland project by constructing a 120-ha multi-function wetland to improve the water quality and the ecosystems of the environment surrounding Kaoping River. The finished constructed wetland is located next to the famous old Kaoping River Rail Bridge at Kaohsiung County, and thus, it is named Kaoping River Rail Bridge Constructed Wetland. The major flowflow comes from the local drainage systems containing untreated domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastewater, and treated industrial wastewater from a paper mill. Based on the quarterly investigation results of water samples taken from 2008 to 2009, more than 96% of total coliforms (TC), 48% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and 40% of nutrients (e.g., total nitrogen, total phosphorus) were removed with the help of the constructed wetland system. Thus, the wetland system has a significant effect on the improvement of the water quality and is capable of removing most of the pollutants from the local drainage system before they are discharged into Kaoping River. The Kaoping River Rail Bridge Constructed Wetland has become one of the most successful multi-function constructed wetlands in Taiwan. The experience obtained from this project will be ICRM2010-Green Manufacturing, Ningbo, China helpful in designing similar natural water treatment systems for the improvement of the river water quality for other river basins.
Responsive Manufacturing - Green Manufacturing (ICRM 2010), 5th International Conference on; 02/2010
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ABSTRACT: Vertically self-aligned gallium nitride nanorod arrays grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy are shown to behave as subwavelength optical media in both their discrete and integrated forms, which have important implications for optoelectronic applications.
OptoElectronics and Communications Conference, 2009. OECC 2009. 14th; 08/2009
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Y.L. Huang,
Y.J. Chen,
M.W. Lin, C.Y. Wu,
P.C. Liu,
T.J. Chen,
Y.C. Chen,
J.S. Jih,
C.C. Chen,
D.D. Lee,
Y.T. Chang,
W.J. Wang,
H.N. Liu
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ABSTRACT: Background Previous studies showed that idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) carried an increased risk of cancers. However, no large-scale study of IIM has been conducted in the Chinese population.Objectives We sought to delineate the association of IIM and various cancer types from a nationwide database in Taiwan.Methods We analysed the published national data from records of National Health Insurance claims. Cases of dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) from 2000 to 2005 and cancers registered in the catastrophic illness profile from 1997 to 2006 were collected. A nationally representative cohort of 1 000 000 enrollees was included for comparison.Results In total, 136 patients (12·8%) among 1059 cases of DM and 46 persons (7·0%) among 661 cases of PM carried internal malignancies. Patients with DM tended to have cancers of nasopharynx, lung and breast. On the other hand, patients with PM tended to have breast, uterine cervix and lung cancers. Compared with the general population, DM gave a 10-fold increased risk for cancers, in which a 66-fold increased risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a 31-fold increased risk for lung cancer were the two most significant. For patients with PM, a 6-fold increased risk for cancer was observed. Juvenile DM had a 16-fold increased risk for haematopoietic or lymphoid malignancy. Two thirds of comorbid malignancies were detected shortly after the diagnoses of IIM, within a mean of 1–2 years. Overall, younger patients with IIM carried the highest risk for malignancies, especially those in their twenties and thirties.Conclusions This is the first large-scale study to report the associated malignancies and the cancer risk of IIM in Taiwan.
British Journal of Dermatology 04/2009; 161(4):854 - 860. · 3.67 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Die filling from a stationary shoe in a vacuum and in the presence of air was numerically analyzed using an Eulerian-Lagrangian model, which employs a discrete element method (DEM) for the particles and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the air with a two-way air-particle interaction coupling term. Monodisperse and polydisperse powder systems have been simulated to explore the effect of the presence of air on the die filling process. For die filling with monodisperse powders, the influences of particle size and density on the flow behavior were explored. The numerical simulations revealed that the presence of air has a significant impact on the powder flow behavior, especially for systems with smaller and/or lighter particles. Flow has been characterized in terms of a dimensionless mass flow rate, and it has been shown that for die filling in a vacuum this is constant. The flow characteristics for die filling in air can be classified into two regimes. There is an air-inert regime in which the particle size and density are sufficiently large that the effect of air flow becomes negligible, and the dimensionless mass flow rate is essentially identical to that obtained for die filling in a vacuum. There is also an air-sensitive regime, for smaller particle sizes and lower particle densities, in which the dimensionless mass flow rate increases as the particle size and density increase. The effects of particle-size distribution and adhesion on the flow behavior have also been investigated. It was found that, in a vacuum, the dimensionless mass flow rate for polydisperse systems is nearly identical to that for monodisperse systems. In the presence of air, a lower dimensionless mass flow rate is obtained for polydisperse systems compared to monodisperse systems, demonstrating that air effects become more significant. Furthermore, it has been shown that, as expected, the dimensionless mass flow rate decreases as the surface energy increases (i.e., for more cohesive powders). © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
AIChE Journal 12/2008; 55(1):49 - 62. · 2.26 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A novel 2-to-l optical FIFO multiplexer under a simple packet routing policy, with maximum buffer size 2<sup>(n-2)</sup>-1, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using an nxn arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) wavelength converters and fiber delay lines at 10 Gbps.
Optical Fiber communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2008. OFC/NFOEC 2008. Conference on; 03/2008
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ABSTRACT: With the increasing pervasiveness of wireless computing technologies, users will benefit from the automatic interactions among personal devices and environments. However, current interaction systems have some limitations in terms of the problems with a centralized server, assumption of wide area wireless connectivity, or designated services instead of the universal ad hoc interaction. In this paper, we proposed a software framework for heterogeneous Bluetooth enabled devices and environments to interact with each other, based on minimum assumptions on the capabilities and infrastructure on devices & environments. The key elements of framework include Ad Hoc Sensing & Discovery Code, Mobile Code and Applications. With the framework built on Java and mobile code, we realize easily the ad hoc interactions between heterogeneous devices and environments. To demonstrate our concept, we implemented the blueremote which uses a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) to control a PC (Personal Computer) and alert system which allows applications in PC to make use of SMS (Short Message Service) application on PDA.
Information, Communications & Signal Processing, 2007 6th International Conference on; 01/2008
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents a dual-band unequal-arms dipole antenna. The proposed antenna applied a chip inductor to prevent the inverted current from occurring and has dual-band omni-directional radiation patterns on H-plane. Results show the proposed antenna operates at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz WLAN bands, and the gain level at lower and higher bands are 2.5 and 3.5 dBi, respectively.
TENCON 2007 - 2007 IEEE Region 10 Conference; 12/2007
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ABSTRACT: The pre-injector of the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) is consists of a 140 kV thermionic gun and a 50 MeV travelling wave type linear accelerator (linac) system. A linac control system has been renewed to avoid obsolescence. It is also utilized to improve performance, decouple the vacuum interlock logic from the linac control system, and provide a better control functionality for top-up operation. One VME crate system is dedicated for the linac control, the new hardware equipped with high resolution of analogue interface to provide better control. Vacuum interlock logic will be done via a dedicated programmable logic controller (PLC). The remained linac devices, which are necessary for sequential control such as door access interlock, klystron warm up, gun warm up, trigger interlock, gun high voltage interlock, klystron modulator high voltage interlock, water flow interlock, will be done by another PLC. Both interlock and sequential control of PLC will be controlled by the VME crate. All of the other functions without interlock or sequence requirement will be controlled by the VME crate directly as well. New control system is expected to provide better control functionality, better performance, easy for maintenance, and useful easy to add new hardware equipments.
Particle Accelerator Conference, 2007. PAC. IEEE; 07/2007
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ABSTRACT: In this paper, a sequential color light emitting diode (LED) backlight driving system for liquid crystal display (LCD) panels with area control is proposed. Due to improvement on luminous efficacy, fast response, long life, mercury free, and wide color gamut, LED has gradually substituted for cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) as backlight. Although some novel CCFLs with low content of mercury and wide color gamut have been proposed, it is difficult to shorten their on-off transition. Recently, a novel display technique, namely area control, requiring backlights with fast response has been proposed to improve the contrast ratio of LCD and reduce power consumption of the backlights. With the area control, a panel is partitioned into several areas, and the backlight brightness of each area is controlled individually. In addition, color sequential display (CSD) is introduced to further reduce the power consumption. A sequential color LED backlight driving system with area control has been built, from which experimental measurements have verified the feasibility of the proposed driving system.
Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2007. PESC 2007. IEEE; 07/2007
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ABSTRACT: The fabrication is reported of large-area (73 μm in diameter) front-illuminated planar InGaAs PIN photodiodes on S-doped InP substrates through the prebake process and investigations are made of various Zn diffusion times on a 2.9-μm thick absorption layer. As a result of the best tuning of the Zn diffusion time, the large-area planar InGaAs PIN photodiodes achieve a lowest capacitance of 0.43 pF, a lowest dark current of 39 pA, a highest responsivity of 0.99 A/W (79% quantum efficiency) at λ=1.55 μm, and a highest 3-dB bandwidth of 6.98 GHz for a bare chip and 4.53 GHz for the device packaged in a TO can, respectively. Furthermore, the developed PIN photodiodes possess high breakdown voltage (less than -25 V) and provide the P and N electrodes located at different sides of the photodiodes, thus improving the devices for easy bonding and packaging.
IEE Proceedings - Circuits Devices and Systems 01/2006; · 0.36 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this letter, we demonstrate a novel photodiode at a 1.55- $muhbox m$ wavelength: the near-ballistic uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD). After a p $^+$ delta-doped layer was inserted into the collector of a UTC-PD, near-ballistic transport of photogenerated electrons under high reverse bias voltage ( $-$ 5 V) and a high output photocurrent ( $sim$ 30 mA) was observed. The demonstrated device has been combined with an evanescently coupled optical waveguide to attain high responsivity and high saturation power performance. Extremely high responsivity (1.14 A/W), a high electrical bandwidth (around 40 GHz), and a high saturation current-bandwidth product (over 1280 mA $,cdot,$ GHz, at 40 GHz) with high saturation radio-frequency power (over 12 dBm at 40 GHz) have been achieved simultaneously at a 1.55- $muhbox m$ wavelength.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 10/2005; · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: An analysis is presented for wave propagation in infinite homogeneous elastic plates of piezoelectric materials. The analysis is an extension to the work by Shuvalov [1] on wave propagation in general anisotropic elastic plates. A real form of dispersion equation is provided for a piezoelectric plate subjected to different boundary conditions on the plate surfaces. Perturbation theory [2] is exploited to obtain long-wavelength low-frequency approximation for physical quantities of wave propagation, including wave amplitude, stress, electric potential, electric displacement and velocity.
Journal of Mechanics. 05/2005; 21(02):103 - 108.
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S-C Chen,
L-L Liaw,
H-Y Su,
S-C Ko, C-Y Wu,
H-C Chaung,
Y-H Tsai,
K-L Yang,
Y-C Chen,
T-H Chen,
G-R Lin,
S-Y Cheng,
Y-D Lin,
J-L Lee,
C-C Lai,
Y-J Weng,
S-Y Chu
Journal of Fish Diseases 12/2002; 25(12):727 - 732. · 2.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Crystalline orientations of Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x grains in magnetron sputtered films on MgO (001), SrTiO 3 (001), and LaAlO 3 (001) substrates were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In contrast to the nearly single crystalline films on the lattice matched substrates SrTiO 3 and LaAlO 3 , films on the MgO (001) substrate, being polycrystalline in nature, exhibit several preferred in‐plane grain orientations. These orientations agree well with a simplified theory of near‐coincidence site lattices between Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x and MgO.
Applied Physics Letters 07/1992; · 3.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A modeling approach to calculate the rise, fall, and delay times
for short-channel CMOS inverters with interconnection lines is
presented. Extensive comparisons between model calculations and SPICE
simulations have shown that the analytic model has a maximum error of
16% on the delay times for CMOS inverters with interconnections of
different gate sizes, device parameters, and even input excitation
waveforms. Reasonable accuracy, wide applicable range, and high
computation efficiency make the developed timing models quite attractive
in MOS VLSI timing verification and automatic sizing
Circuits and Systems, 1988., IEEE International Symposium on; 07/1988
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ABSTRACT: A new general experimental method for timing macromodel parameter extraction is proposed and investigated. Based on the general timing models developed and the measured timing data of CMOS inverters, the critical field exponent UEXP of carrier mobilities in transient operation, the optimal gate/source voltage and pn-junction voltage, and the capacitances associated with a logic gate are extracted by using the proposed method. It is shown that the extracted value of UEXP is twice the conventional value owing to the integration effect on the drain currents in delay calculations. The optimal linearisation gate/source voltage is about 0.7 VDD, whereas the pn-junction voltage is approximately VDD/2. By using the extracted timing parameters, the accuracy of the timing macromodels developed is improved and experimentally verified. The possibility of accuracy improvement and experimental verification makes the proposed method quite helpful in developing efficient timing macromodels for digital VLSI.
Communications, Speech and Vision, IEE Proceedings I [see also IEE Proceedings-Communications] 05/1988;
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ABSTRACT: Interface properties of plasma‐enhanced chemical‐vapor‐deposited dielectric SiON on GaAs systems pretreated by NH 3 plasma were studied. The effects of the process parameters in the NH 3 plasma pretreatment, such as total pressure, radio‐frequency power, substrate temperature, NH 3 flow rate and pretreatment time, were investigated by the measurements of Auger electron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, current‐voltage, and capacitance‐voltage characteristics. The transient region width and the surface strain field, surface leakage current, hysteresis, and degree of Fermi‐level pinning evidently related to interface properties, are increased with increasing total pressure, decreased with increasing radio‐frequency power, substrate temperature, and pretreatment time, and independent of NH 3 flow rate. The physical and electrical properties of SiON/GaAs interface have been significantly improved under an optimum NH 3 plasma pretreatment condition. The correlation of these parameters in pretreatment process with the interface properties including interdiffusion, surface strain field, surface leakage current, hysteresis, and Fermi‐level pinning are discussed.
Journal of Applied Physics 10/1986; · 2.17 Impact Factor
