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ABSTRACT: In the last decade, the analytical progress achieved in the New Keynesian literature has been remarkable. Many of the early assumptions have been relaxed, leading to medium-scale macroeconomic models that are now able to capture many features of real-world data. Nevertheless, modern-day New Keynesian models still assume, as did their early counterparts, that firms compete in the market with no tools other than their relative prices. In particular, this literature has so far neglected the consequences of extending competition between firms to the non-price dimension. This paper tries to fill this gap by enriching the canonical New Keynesian framework to include both price and non-price competition. This has important consequences for the analysis of inflation dynamics, modifying in particular the inflation-marginal cost relationship. As a general result, we show that any activity by firms that boosts demand for their products, without directly affecting their prices, dampens the overall degree of real rigidities in price-setting.
FEDEA, Working Papers. 01/2008;
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ABSTRACT: This article provides a preliminary analysis of the employment and occupational assimilation of recent immigrant waves to the Spanish labour market as their residencies lengthen. Using Spanish data from the 2001 Population Census and the 2002 Earnings Structure Survey, we find evidence of immigrant employment and occupational assimilation significantly varying by gender, origin and educational attainment. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd/London School of Economics 2007.
British Journal of Industrial Relations 02/2007; 45(2):257-284. · 0.75 Impact Factor
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02/2007;
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ABSTRACT: Chile has been at the forefront of pension reform, having switched in 1980 from a pay-as-you-go system to a fully funded privatized accounts system. The Chilean system served as a model for reform in many other Latin American countries and has also been considered by U.S. policy makers as a possible prototype for social security reform. Some of the criticisms of the Chilean system are low coverage rates and contributions rates among certain segments of the population. In 2006, the Chilean government proposed some reforms aimed at increasing coverage and contribution rates and expanding the safety net provided by the system to poor households. This study evaluates how changes in pension system rules affect working behavior and pension contribution patterns using data from a new Chilean household survey administered in 2002 and 2004 linked with administrative data from the pension regulatory agency. It develops and estimates a dynamic model of decision-making about working in the covered or uncovered sectors of the economy and studies implications for pension accumulations. The estimated model is used to simulate behavior under different pension system rules, such as a change in the number of years of contributions required for the minimum pension or a change in pension plan fees.
FEDEA, Working Papers. 01/2007;
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents new evidence on the role of gender segregation and pay structure in explaining gender wage differentials of full-time salaried workers in Spain. Data from the 1995 and 2002 Wage Structure Surveys reveal that raw gender wage gaps decreased from 0.24 to 0.14 over the seven-year period. Average differences in the base wage and wage complements decreased from 0.09 to 0.05 and from 0.59 to 0.40, respectively. However, the gender wage gap is still large after accounting for workers' human capital, job and pay structure characteristics, and female segregation into low-paying industries, occupations, establishments, and occupations within establishments.
Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy 02/2006; 5(1):1498-1498.
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ABSTRACT: Chile has been at the forefront of pension reform, having switched in 1980 from a pay-as-you-go system to a fully funded privatized accounts system. The Chilean system served as a model for reform in many other Latin American countries and has also been considered by U.S. policy makers as a possible prototype for social security reform. Some of the criticisms of the Chilean system are low coverage rates and contributions rates among certain segments of the population. In 2006, the Chilean government proposed some reforms aimed at increasing coverage and contribution rates and expanding the safety net provided by the system to poor households. This study evaluates how changes in pension system rules affect working behavior and pension contribution patterns using data from a new Chilean household survey administered in 2002 and 2004 linked with administrative data from the pension regulatory agency. It develops and estimates a dynamic model of decision-making about working in the covered or uncovered sectors of the economy and studies implications for pension accumulations. The estimated model is used to simulate behavior under different pension system rules, such as a change in the number of years of contributions required for the minimum pension or a change in pension plan fees.
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), IZA Discussion Papers. 01/2006;
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents new evidence on the role of gender segregation and pay structure in explaining gender wage differentials of full-time salaried workers in Spain. Data from the 1995 and 2002 Wage Structure Surveys reveal that raw gender wage gaps decreased from 0.24 to 0.14 over the seven-year period. Average differences in the base wage and wage complements decreased from 0.09 to 0.05 and from 0.59 to 0.40, respectively. However, the gender wage gap is still large after accounting for workers’ human capital, job and pay structure characteristics, and female segregation into low-paying industries, occupations, establishments, and occupations within establishments.
10/2005;
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents new evidence on the role of gender segregation within industry, occupation, establishment, and occupation-establishment cells in explaining gender wage differentials of full-time salaried workers in Spain during 1995 and 2002. Using data from the Spanish Wage Structure Surveys, we find that the raw gender wage gap decreased from 0.26 to 0.22 over the course of seven years. However, even after accounting for workers’ human capital, job characteristics, and female segregation into lower-paying industries, occupations, establishments, and occupations within establishments, women still earned approximately 13 percent and 16 percent less than similar male counterparts as of 1995 and 2002, respectively. Most of the gender wage gap is attributable to workers’ sex. Yet, female segregation into lower-paying occupations within establishments, establishments and industries accounted for a sizable and growing fraction of the female-male wage differential.
10/2005;
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ABSTRACT: To identify relative wage impacts of immigration, we make use of licensing requirements in the Norwegian construction sector that give rise to exogenous variation in immigrant employment shares across trades. Individual panel data reveal substantially lower wage growth for workers in trades with rising immigrant employment than for other workers. Selective attrition from the sector masks the causal wage impact unless accounted for by individual fixed effects. For low and semi-skilled workers, effects of new immigration are comparable for natives and older immigrant cohorts, consistent with perfect substitutability between native and immigrant labor within trade. Finally, we present evidence that immigration reduces price inflation, as price increases over the sample period were significantly lower in activities with growth in the immigrant share than in activities with no or small change in immigrant employment.
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), IZA Discussion Papers. 01/2005;
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ABSTRACT: Learning about the impact of immigration on the labor market outcomes of natives is a topic of major concern for immigrant-receiving countries. There exists an extensive literature evaluating the impact of immigration on the employment and wages of natives in the U.S. Yet, despite the significant degree of occupational segregation by gender regardless of workers' origin, the literature has traditionally treated male and female immigrants as a homogenous group when examining the impact of immigration on native workers. Instead, using data from Spain, where the immigrant population has risen from 4 percent to 10 percent of the population within a decade, we allow for male and female foreign-born workers to have distinct impacts on the employment patterns of native men and women. This proves to be important as foreign-born workers only seem to have a significant impact on the employment pattern of native workers of the same sex. Furthermore, foreign-born male (female) workers do not appear to be perfect substitutes of similarly skilled native male (female) workers, which may help explain the null or small impacts of immigration on native employment and wages. Instead, immigration appears to have affected the task specialization and occupational distribution of natives of the same gender.
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ABSTRACT: España, como otros países del Sur de Europa, se caracteriza por la existencia de la jornada laboral partida. Este tipo de jornada consiste típicamente en cinco horas de trabajo por la mañana (de 9 a 2, por ejemplo), seguido de una parada de dos horas (para comer) después de la cual se retoma el trabajo durante otras tres horas (típicamente de 4 a 7). El hecho de terminar tan tarde la jornada laboral conlleva un conflicto entre la vida laboral y la familiar a medida que la participación laboral de la mujer aumenta. Nuestro propósito en este trabajo es examinar quién tiene una jornada laboral partida en España y por qué. Nos restringimos al análisis de mujeres que trabajan a tiempo completo y cuyos compañeros también trabajan a tiempo completo. La elección de esta muestra se basa en que es precisamente para este colectivo para el cual la necesidad de conciliar familia y trabajo es más importante. Encontramos en primer lugar que las mujeres sin niños, así como aquellas cuyos compañeros tienen jornada laboral partida son las más propensas a tener también jornada partida. Sin embargo, a pesar de que la mayoría de las mujeres con jornada partida preferirían tener una jornada continua, no encontramos ninguna evidencia a favor de la existencia de Diferenciales Salariales Compensatorios por tener un horario de trabajo más "inconveniente". Al tratar de entender por qué algunas mujeres trabajan en régimen de jornada laboral partida encontramos evidencia de que la mayoría de ellas están restringidas en sus posibilidades de elección de un trabajo mejor, dado que son las más jóvenes y las menos educadas quienes más afectadas se ven por este tipo de jornada.
Documentos de trabajo ( FEDEA ), ISSN 1696-7496, Nº. 35, 2009, pags. 1-41.
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ABSTRACT: Using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey (Encuesta de Población Activa) from 1999 through 2004, we explore the role of regional employment opportunities in explaining the increasing immigrant flows of recent years despite the limited internal mobility on the part of natives. Subsequently, we investigate the policy question of whether immigration has helped reduced unemployment rate disparities across Spanish regions by attracting immigrant flows to regions offering better employment opportunities. Our results indicate that immigrants choose to reside in regions with larger employment rates and where their probability of finding a job is higher. In particular, and despite some differences depending on their origin, immigrants appear generally more responsive than their native counterparts to a higher likelihood of informal, self, or indefinite employment. More importantly, insofar the vast majority of immigrants locate in regions characterized by higher employment rates, immigration contributes to greasing the wheels of the Spanish labor market by narrowing regional unemployment rate disparities.
DFAE-II WP Series, ISSN 1988-088X, Nº. 3, 2005.
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ABSTRACT: Uno de los temas que mayor interés despierta en las naciones que atraen inmigrantes es medir el impacto de la inmigración sobre su mercado de trabajo. España no es una excepción si se tiene en cuenta el el impresionante flujo migratorio que ha experimentado en la última década. En este trabajo, medimos el impacto de la inmigración sobre las rentas de los nativos en España por medio de la estimación del Excedente Neto de Inmigración que se produce a nivel nacional así como en las regiones que más inmigración atraen en España, teniendo en cuenta que los inmigrantes y nativos incluso con similares niveles de capital humano no son perfectamente sustitutivos. Nuestros resultados revelan que el Excedente de Inmigración es del 0.04 por ciento del Producto Interior Bruto a nivel nacional y que en regiones como Cataluña, Valencia, Madrid y Murcia, el incremento en renta para los nativos debido a la inmigración es incluso mayor.
Documentos de trabajo ( FEDEA ), ISSN 1696-7496, Nº. 17, 2008, pags. 1-32.
