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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experiences of stigma among mentally ill persons.
Phenomenological methodology was used for the study. Participants were twelve people with mental illness enrolled at the S community mental health center in GyeongGi-Do. Data were collected via in-depth interviews from August 30 to October 1, 2010 and analyzed using Colaizzi's framework.
Four themes and sixteen formulated meanings were identified for the stigma experiences of participants with mental illness. The four themes were 'Incapable of struggling against unfair treatment', 'Living as an outsider', 'Being constrained by oneself', 'Being in suspense over disclosure of oneself'.
The results from this study underscore the need for an educational and awareness programs to reduce public stigma among the general population and self-stigma among people with mental illness. In addition, efforts are also needed to prioritize mental illness stigma as a major public health issue at the government and community level.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 04/2012; 42(2):226-35. · 0.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) aimed at enhancing the resilience of high-risk adolescents with alcohol-dependent parents in Suwon, South Korea. The study used a randomized control group pretest and posttest design. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of CBT, and the scores on resilience increased significantly after the intervention, whereas the scores of self-concept and depression did not change. In the control group, none of the scores of outcome variables changed significantly after the intervention period. The results indicate that the developed CBT program might be effective for improving the resilience of adolescents with alcohol-dependent parents.
Archives of psychiatric nursing 06/2010; 24(3):202-11. · 0.90 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: This study was done to compare factors predicting depressive symptoms in single and married employed women. Methods: A comparative study using a cross-sectional survey design was used. The participants were 373 single and 355 married women. Measurements used for this study were demographic and work-related characteristics, physical conditions, self-efficacy, stressful life events, and depression. The SAS 9.1 program was used for descriptive statistics, x2 test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise- multiple regression. Results: Single employed women (SEW) had higher scores for stressful life events than married employed women (MEW), but there was no difference in depression between the groups. In examining the factors predicting depression, stressful life events and self-efficacy explained a portion of the variance in depression for both groups. Family monthly income and working hours were significant variables for SEW, while satisfaction with marriage and role as wife was significant for MEW. Conclusion: These results suggest that the mental health of MEW is not worse than it is for SEW, and they do not suffer from multi-role strain. Although different variables explained depression for these women, family-related factors are especially important to MEW.
Journal of Korean Academy Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. 01/2010; 19(3):339-347.
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ABSTRACT: This paper is a report of a study conducted to test the validity and reliability of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale - Second Edition in Korean culture.
Depression is a significant mental health problem in adolescents. The Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale - Second Edition has been shown to be a useful tool to assess depression in adolescents, with extensive research on this measure having been conducted in western cultures. Measures developed in western cultures need to be tested and validated before being used in Asian cultures.
The participants were a convenience sample of 440 Korean adolescents with a mean age of 13.78 years (sd = 0.95) from grades 7 to 9 in three public middle schools in South Korea. A cross-sectional design was used. Back-translation was used to create the Korean version, with additional testing for cultural meaning and comprehension. The data were collected at the end of 2004.
Internal consistency reliability for the Korean version of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale - Second Edition was 0.89, with subscale reliability ranging from 0.66 to 0.81. Evidence for criterion-related, convergent and discriminant validity for the Korean version of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale - Second Edition was found. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the 4-factor structure of Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale - Second Edition.
Our results support the validity and reliability for the Korean version of the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale - Second Edition as a measure of depression and suggest that it can be used to screen students and to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive interventions in school settings.
Journal of Advanced Nursing 04/2009; 65(3):642-51. · 1.48 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is an important screening tool but has never been administered to Korean Americans. This study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of a Korean version of the AUDIT referred to as AUDIT-K and to determine which cutoff score of the scale would perform better in Korean Americans.
Translation and backtranslation of the AUDIT-K were conducted to obtain a measure consistent with the Korean cultural understanding of alcohol use. Following satisfactory interrater agreements on each item about its Korean translation, the AUDIT-K was administered to 118 Korean American men (Time 1) and to 93 of the men approximately 1 month later (Time 2). Data were analyzed for internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and construct validity.
Approximately 47.5% of Korean American men who participated in the study were identified as having drinking problems when using the World Health Organization's recommended cutoff score of 8, whereas approximately 20.3% were found to have problems with alcohol when using the cutoff score of 12, the one recommended for Koreans. Cronbach's alpha was .82 at Time 1 and was .80 at Time 2. Test-Retest reliability assessed via the intraclass correlation coefficient for the total AUDIT scale was .85. Principal components factor analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation revealed a two-factor solution, alcohol consumption and drinking problems, resulting in 57% of the explained variance.
The AUDIT-K was found to be internally consistent and stable over time and should be used in primary health care settings to screen Korean American men for alcohol use disorders to facilitate early interventions.
Archives of psychiatric nursing 08/2008; 22(4):190-9. · 0.90 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cognitive behavioral anger management intervention in order to increase self-consciousness and decrease anger among Korean military men.
A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. Ninety two soldiers were screened for unhealthy anger expression using a questionnaire. Among them, 26 soldiers who showed unhealthy anger expression were selected for this study. They were matched by rank and assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received the intervention three consecutive times, once a week and for 120 minutes per session. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention for anger (the State-Trait Anger Scale) and self-consciousness (Self-consciousness Scale). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi- square-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcox on signed rank test.
There was no statistically significant decrease in anger or increase in self-consciousness between the two groups following treatment. However, there was a significant increase in private self-consciousness in the treatment group after the intervention(p=.006).
The cognitive behavioral anger management program improves private self-consciousness in soldiers. However, Additional research is needed to explore whether long-term intervention is more effective for anger control in the military setting. The findings from this study suggest that more attention should be given to mental health care for Korean soldiers.
Taehan Kanho Hakhoe chi 11/2006; 36(6):1076-84.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to explore the sociocultural context wherein Korean male immigrants learned and maintained smoking behavior. Participants were 11 current and 11 former cigarette smokers who resided in New York City. The participants attended one of four focus groups and talked about their experiences of smoking initiation, changes in smoking behavior over time, smoking in Korea and the United States, strategies used for smoking cessation, and suggestions for a smoking cessation program. The focus group interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Themes were identified from answers to the five topic questions and then compared across the four focus groups. Smoking is a common thread in Korean men's social world and a prime component of Korean men's gender identity. In contrast, smoking in the United States is increasingly being stigmatized.
Western Journal of Nursing Research 09/2005; 27(5):604-23;comment 624-7. · 1.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify factors influencing Korean American men's smoking behavior. Focus-group research method was used, and participants were 22 Korean male smokers in New York City. They talked about their experiences of smoking and smoking cessation. Addiction, health, and age emerged as major personal factors affecting Korean men's smoking behavior. Their experiences in relation to addiction were similar to those reported in other racial/ethnic groups, whereas the dramatic change in the perception of smoking-related health risks coming with their forties, some cessation strategies used by former smokers, and preference for group meetings over individual counseling appeared to be specific to Korean men.
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 03/2005; 19(1):35-41. · 0.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purposes of this descriptive study were to: (a) describe the identifiable characteristics of the population of battered women; (b) examine mental health aspects by means of measuring level of anxiety, self-esteem, and depression.
A convenience sample of 96 battered women was recruited from women who were admitted to a shelter.
Data from this study supported the assertion that many battered women were exposed to severe physical abusive situations. Also the major finding was that the levels of anxiety and depression were high and the level of self-esteem was low in battered women living in shelters.
Taehan Kanho Hakhoe chi 12/2003; 33(7):981-9.
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ABSTRACT: The nursing diagnoses of 163 schizophrenic patients in case reports were analyzed. The 489 nursing diagnoses were again classified by the framework of classification of nursing diagnoses by human responses patterns. Through this a comprehensive analysis, 'the social interaction, impaired' was described the highest frequency nursing problems of schizophrenic patients in students' case reports. Also 'self-esteem disturbance', 'violence(actual)/risk for, directed at self/others', 'noncompliance' and 'coping, individual, ineffective' were used to explain patients' problems. But 'thought process, altered' and 'sensory/perceptual alteration' were used in low frequency. From this result, it could be assumed that the selection of specific related factors in 'thought process, altered' and 'sensory/perceptual alteration' were very difficult for nursing students. If the clarification of nursing diagnoses in Korean is accomplished, it will be more veracious to describe the nursing problems of schizophrenic patients.
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 01/2003; 12(2):191-203.
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a school-based comprehensive smoking cessation program and to test its effectiveness. Method: The study design was quasiexperimental with pre and three posttests. Total 43 high school students participated in the study, 22 in experimental group and 21 in control group. To identify the long-time effectiveness of the program, participants were followed after 3 and 6 months. The program was made up total 9 sessions, took 40-50 minutes for one session and was provided twice a week. To test the effectiveness of the program, nicotine dependency, urine cotinine level,
self-efficacy, and stress level were used as dependent variables. Results: Nicotine dependency, self-efficacy,
and stress level did not significantly changed after the program. However, urine cotinine level was significantly decreased after the program and after six month. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that
the program was not effective to change self-efficacy and stress but smoking amount. Further programs need to be developed to influence on psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy and stress.
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 01/2002; 11(4):462-473.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this secondary data analysis is to report Korean male smokers' perceptions of tobacco control policies in the United States. Descriptive data from four focus groups held in New York City in 2003 are presented. Focus group interviews were used to collect data, and the two investigators independently analyzed all four recorded group sessions. Korean male immigrants living in New York City area were recruited, and 22 volunteered to participate. Exclusion criteria included immigration to the United States before age 12, no smoking history, and use of chemical substance other than tobacco. Korean men differed in perceptions of the policies based on smoking status and length of U.S. residency. Among current smokers, recent immigrants had difficulty understanding smoking restrictions, whereas longtime residents complained of price increases. Both groups suggested that policies target the tobacco industry and do not target smokers. In contrast, former smokers supported more regulation of public smoking and suggested use of more aggressive antismoking campaigns. Public policymakers should take into consideration cultural attitudes and beliefs about smoking behavior in the design and implementation of tobacco control policies that affect ethnic groups whose cultural and value orientations may differ from the mainstream.
Public Health Nursing 22(3):221-9. · 0.72 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This descriptive study examined the role of coping strategies as predictors of physical function and social adjustment in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). A sample of 128 community-residing individuals with SCI completed the structured questionnaire that included demographic characteristics and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) to measure participants' coping, physical function, and social adjustment, respectively. Among the eight factors of the WCQ, planful problem solving was used most frequently by the participants. The remaining coping strategies, except escape-avoidance, were positively correlated with social adjustment, whereas no significant correlations were found between coping and physical function. Positive reappraisal, accepting responsibility, and distancing accounted for 33.5% of the social adjustment for people with SCI. Results highlight the importance of considering coping strategies in designing interventions to facilitate social adjustment and rehabilitation in this population.
Rehabilitation nursing: the official journal of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses 35(1):8-15. · 0.55 Impact Factor
