K V Tindall

Publications (6)8.22 Total impact

• Article: Impacts of seeding rate on interactions between rice and rice water weevils.

  M J Stout, D Harrell, K V Tindall, J Bond
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  ABSTRACT: The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is the most widely distributed and destructive early season insect pest of rice, Oryza sativa L., in the United States. Economic losses result primarily from feeding by the larval stage of this insect on the roots of flooded rice plants. Prior studies suggest that infestations of rice water weevil larvae are more severe at low plant densities. Moreover, because feeding by the rice water weevil reduces rice plant tillering, a process particularly important to yield at low seeding rates, infestations by weevil larvae may have a greater impact on rice yields when rice is seeded at low rates. In total, six experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period in Louisiana and Missouri to investigate the impacts of rice seeding rate on levels of infestations by, and yield losses from, the rice water weevil. An inverse relationship between seeding rate and densities of rice water weevil larvae and pupae on a per area basis was found in two of the six experiments. Furthermore, in two of the three experiments conducted with 'Bengal' (a susceptible cultivar) in Louisiana, percentages of yield loss were significantly higher at lower seeding rates than at higher seeding rates. Overall, these results indicate that rice sown at low rates is more vulnerable to infestation by rice water weevils and more susceptible to yield losses from weevil injury. The significance of these findings in light of recent trends toward the use of lower seeding rates in drill-seeded rice is discussed.
  Journal of Economic Entomology 10/2009; 102(5):1837-45. · 1.70 Impact Factor
• Article: Efficacy of Cry1Ac:Cry1F proteins in cotton leaf tissue against fall armyworm, beet armyworm, and soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

  K V Tindall, M Willrich Siebert, B R Leonard, J All, F J Haile
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  ABSTRACT: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., plants expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) were evaluated against selected lepidopteran pests including fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker). Studies were conducted in a range of environments, challenging various cotton tissue types from several varieties containing a combination of Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins. In fresh tissue bioassays of mature leaves and squares (flower buds) and in artificial field infestations of white flowers, plants containing Cry1Ac:Cry1F significantly reduced levels of damage (leaf defoliation, bract feeding, penetrated squares and bolls, and boll abscission) and induced significantly greater mortality (90-100%) of fall armyworm compared with that on non-Bt cotton plants. Plants containing Cry1Ac:Cry1F conferred high levels (100%) of soybean looper mortality and low levels (0.2%) of leaf defoliation compared with non-Bt cotton. Beet armyworm was relatively less sensitive to Cry1Ac:Cry1F cotton plants compared with fall armyworm and soybean looper. However, beet armyworm larval development was delayed 21 d after infestation (DAI), and ingestion of plant tissue was inhibited (14 and 21 DAI) on the Cry1Ac:Cry1F plants compared with that on non-Bt cotton plants. These results show Cry1Ac:Cry1F cotton varieties can be an effective component in a management program for these lepidopteran pest species. Differential susceptibility of fall armyworm, beet armyworm, and soybean looper larvae to Cry1Ac:Cry1F cotton reinforces the need to sample during plant development and respond with a foliar insecticide if local action thresholds are exceeded.
  Journal of Economic Entomology 09/2009; 102(4):1497-505. · 1.70 Impact Factor
• Article: Evaluation of the potential role of glufosinate-tolerant rice in integrated pest management programs for rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

  K V Tindall, M J Stout, B J Williams
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  ABSTRACT: The impact of a herbicide-tolerant rice, Oryza sativa L., variety was assessed for its resistance to rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and its place in current integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the resistance of a glufosinate-tolerant rice variety and its glufosinate-susceptible parent line Bengal to the rice water weevil in the presence and absence of glufosinate applications. The LC50 dose-response and behavioral effects of glufosinate on adult rice water weevils also were studied. Field studies investigated the impacts of glufosinate-tolerant rice on rice water weevil management in the presence and absence of glufosinate under early and delayed flood conditions. Greenhouse studies demonstrated that in the absence of glufosinate, oviposition was 30% higher on the glufosinate-tolerant rice line than on Bengal rice or on glufosinate-tolerant line treated with recommended rates of commercially formulated glufosinate. Applications of glufosinate to glufosinate-tolerant rice resulted in a 20% reduction in rice water weevil larval densities compared with nontreated glufosinate-tolerant rice. The LC50 of glufosinate against adult rice water weevil was nearly 2 times the concentration recommended for application to glufosinate-tolerant rice. There was no difference in the amount of leaf area consumed by adult rice water weevils on glufosinate-treated and nontreated foliage. The absence of direct toxicity of glufosinate to rice water weevil at recommended glufosinate use rates and lack of behavioral effects suggest that the reduction in rice water weevil densities observed after glufosinate applications resulted from herbicide-induced plant resistance. Field experiments showed that neither rice variety nor herbicide use affected larval densities; however, delaying flood and applying insecticide effectively reduced numbers of rice water weevil larvae.
  Journal of Economic Entomology 01/2005; 97(6):1935-42. · 1.70 Impact Factor
• Article: Effects of the Presence of Barnyardgrass on Rice Water Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rice Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Populations on Rice

  K. V. Tindall, M. J. Stout, B. J. Williams
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  ABSTRACT: Both the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, and rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), are important pests of rice, Oryza sativa L., in the United States. The host ranges of both insects primarily consist of monocotyledonous plants. Previous research has shown that the rice water weevil prefers barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv., over rice for feeding and oviposition. Barnyardgrass is also a preferred host for rice stink bug. Thus, presence of barnyardgrass in rice fields may alter populations of one or both insects. Field experiments were conducted to determine how the presence of a preferred host influences rice water weevil and rice stink bug populations on rice. Mixed plots of barnyardgrass and rice were cultivated such that either rice was surrounded by barnyardgrass or barnyardgrass was surrounded by rice. Insects were collected from rice portions of mixed plots and compared with numbers collected from whole plots of rice in the same location. Presence of barnyardgrass had little impact on rice water weevil densities on rice. In contrast, presence of barnyardgrass influenced rice stink bug populations on rice. Rice stink bugs were found on barnyardgrass in mixed plots before panicle emergence of rice. After panicle emergence of rice, results varied from 2001 and 2002. In 2001 and 2003, rice stink bugs were up to 9 times more abundant on rice in mixed plots of barnyardgrass and rice compared with whole plots of rice. Rice stink bugs were up to 4 times greater on rice in whole plots of rice than in mixed plots in 2002. Differences are likely a result of the developmental stage of barnyardgrass relative to rice. Data suggest the presence and developmental stage of barnyardgrass can influence the severity and timing of rice stink bug infestations.
  Environmental Entomology 05/2004; 33(3):720-726. · 1.56 Impact Factor
• Article: Use of Common Weeds of Rice as Hosts for the Rice Water Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

  K. V. Tindall, M. J. Stout
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  ABSTRACT: The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is the most important insect pest in rice, Oryza sativa L., in the United States. Prior research indicates that rice water weevils feed primarily on monocotyledonous plants. Many monocot weeds occur in rice fields, but little is known about rice water weevil-weed interactions in rice. Host utilization of the rice water weevil was evaluated on rice, cultivar `Cocodrie', and seven weeds commonly found in rice fields in preference and life cycle compatibility tests in the greenhouse. Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv., yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L., broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla Nash., and fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., were more preferred for oviposition than rice. More neonate larvae eclosed on barnyardgrass and yellow nutsedge than eclosed on rice. Densities of late instars feeding on roots of yellow nutsedge and broadleaf signalgrass were significantly lower than densities on rice. Barnyardgrass was also more preferred for adult feeding than rice and all other weeds. Rice water weevils were able to complete their life cycle on all plants examined except hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Rafin.) Cory, the only dicotyledonous plant species tested in the greenhouse. Several new hosts can be added to an existing list of host plants for the rice water weevil. Field surveys confirmed larvae infested roots of all weed species sampled in the greenhouse, as well as several other weed species. Many of the plants infested with larvae were dicotyledonous plants, suggesting that the host range of rice water weevil is much broader than previously reported.
  Environmental Entomology 09/2003; 32(5):1227-1233. · 1.56 Impact Factor
• Article: Yield components and quality of rice in response to graminaceous weed density and rice stink bug populations

  K.V. Tindall, B.J. Williams, M.J. Stout, J.P. Geaghan, B.R. Leonard, E.P. Webster
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  ABSTRACT: Field experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to investigate weed density, its relationship to rice stink bug (Oebalus pugnax, F.) populations, and damage to rice caused by stink bugs. Graminaceous weeds examined were barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv., Amazon sprangletop, Leptochloa panicoides (Presl.) Hitchc., broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla Nash., and large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis, (L.). Rice seed weight, percent filled seed, percent pecky rice, milling quality, and yield were measured. Data showed that 13–23 weeds/1 m2 was associated with an increase of one rice stink bug per plot. Weeds served as hosts of rice stink bugs prior to panicle emergence of rice; consequently, rice stink bugs infested rice early in the grain filling process and reduced the percentage of filled seeds. One hundred weeds/1 m2 caused a 1% increase in pecky rice, and for every 1% pecky rice, milling quality was reduced by 0.5%. Plots not treated with insecticide had significantly more non-filled seeds, pecky rice, and broken kernels than treated plots. Neither weeds nor insects at the densities observed in this test appeared to effect seed weight. Rice stink bug damage did not significantly contribute to yield losses greater than weeds in the absence of rice stink bugs. Rice stink bugs had more of an affect on the quality of rice rather than the yield. Results reported here suggest that late season weed control may be important in terms of indirect losses in grain quality associated with increased populations of rice stink bug.
  Crop Protection. 24(11):991-998.