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ABSTRACT: : To review published studies that use an authentic community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach in child health to highlight the benefits, barriers, and scope of this approach with pediatric populations.
: Studies using CBPR in child health were identified using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through MeSH heading and keyword searches. Keywords included "community-based participatory research" and "child," "youth," and "adolescent." Literature reviews and community-placed articles were excluded.
: A total of 34 CBPR studies focused on child health were identified and analyzed for this review. The most common child health issue in these studies was obesity/diabetes. Other child health topics included health needs assessments, reproductive health, female health, HIV treatment, physical activity, mental health, maternal/child health, substance abuse, asthma, and youth with disabilities/special healthcare needs. IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSION:: CBPR offers a unique approach for translating evidence-based models and research knowledge from child health into effective and sustainable interventions.
MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing 01/2013; 38(1):48-53. · 0.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Research that partners with youth and community stakeholders increases contextual relevance and community buy-in and therefore maximizes the chance for intervention success. Concept mapping is a mixed-method participatory research process that accesses the input of the community in a collaborative manner. After a school-wide health needs assessment at a low-income, minority/immigrant K-8 school identified bullying and obesity as the most important health issues, concept mapping was used to identify and prioritize specific strategies to address these two areas. Stakeholders including 160 K-8 students, 33 college students working in the school, 35 parents, 20 academic partners, and 22 teachers/staff brainstormed strategies to reduce and prevent obesity and bullying. A smaller group of stakeholders worked individually to complete an unstructured sorting of these strategies into groups of similar ideas, once for obesity and again for bullying. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis was applied to the sorting data to produce a series of maps that illustrated the stakeholders' conceptual thinking about obesity and bullying prevention strategies. The maps for both obesity and bullying organized specific strategies into themes that included education, parental role, teacher/school supervision, youth role, expert/professional role, and school structure/support.
Health Promotion Practice 10/2012;
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ABSTRACT: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an orientation to research that places value on equitable collaborations between community members and academic partners, reflecting shared decision making throughout the research process. Although CBPR has become increasingly popular for research with adults, youth are less likely to be included as partners. In our review of the literature, we identified 399 articles described by author or MeSH keyword as CBPR related to youth. We analyzed each study to determine youth engagement. Not including misclassified articles, 27 % of percent of studies were community-placed but lacked a community partnership and/or participatory component. Only 56 (15 %) partnered with youth in some phase of the research process. Although youth were most commonly involved in identifying research questions/priorities and in designing/conducting research, most youth-partnered projects included children or adolescents in several phases of the research process. We outline content, methodology, phases of youth partnership, and age of participating youth in each CBPR with youth project, provide exemplars of CBPR with youth, and discuss the state of the youth-partnered research literature.
American Journal of Community Psychology 06/2012; · 1.74 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess Latino immigrant usage, access, and reason for coming to the pediatric emergency department (PED) and clarify parental perceptions, barriers, and concerns regarding Latino children's health.
Interviews and questionnaires were verbally administered to a convenience sample of newly immigrated (<10 years in the United States) Latino parents of 57 patients presenting to the PED.
Compared with those with higher levels of acculturation, Latinos with lower levels of acculturation were more likely to use the PED to meet their children's health care needs. It seems that our PED has higher usage by Latino families compared with non-Latino families, which may be related to the lack of Latino-focused health infrastructure in our city. Once these families present to the PED, they do not seem to differ from overall users at our ED and nationally with regard to reason for visit.
Similar to many other secondary migration hubs across the United States, our city has experienced dramatic growth in its Latino population in the last several years. Although health care providers anecdotally report increased service to Spanish-speaking populations, very little is known about the health care experience of Latino families in our area. To provide both equal and expert care to Latino children in the PED setting, it is essential that providers have this information specific to the context in which they work.
Pediatric emergency care 03/2012; 28(4):345-50. · 0.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study examines frequent attenders of a pediatric primary care clinic at a large urban children's hospital--who they are and their reasons for frequent attendance to the clinic. The literature suggests that some visits by frequent attenders may not be medically necessary, and these additional appointments may impair others' access to medical care within the same system. The key to eliminating excessive primary care visits is to determine if it is a problem in the primary care practice (quantify the problem), explore the reasons for the visits (from the patients' perspective), and then provide educational interventions that address the various causes for the extra visits and encourage the use of available resources, either ancillary services in the practice itself or resources and agencies available in the community (e.g. social service, legal aid).
Journal of Child Health Care 08/2011; 15(3):175-86. · 0.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The causes attributed to childhood health and illness across cultures (cultural health attributions) are key factors that are now more frequently identified as affecting the health outcomes of children. Research suggests that the causes attributed to an event such as illness are thought to affect subsequent motivation, emotional response, decision making, and behavior. To date, there is no measure of health attributions appropriate for use with parents of pediatric patients. Using the Many-Facets approach to Rasch analysis, this study assesses the psychometrics of a newly developed instrument, the Pediatric Health Attributions Questionnaire (Pedi-CHAQ), a measure designed to assess the cultural health attributions of parents in diverse communities. Results suggest acceptable Rasch model statistics of fit and reliability for the Pedi-CHAQ. A shortened version of the questionnaire was developed as a result of this study and next steps are discussed.
Journal of Prevention & Intervention Community 07/2011; 39(3):223-242.
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ABSTRACT: Although there is substantial literature documenting the challenges of pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) for children and their parents, there is limited research identifying how parents prioritize their needs and use their social networks to manage information regarding their child's SCD in terms of physical and mental health. We examined parents' perceived needs regarding child health issues as they relate to SCD; who and what sources of information are utilized by parents regarding SCD; the frequency with which they consult these resources; and the level at which they trust them. Parents in this study reported that mothers, physicians, the Internet, and books were key sources of support, guidance, and counsel regarding the health needs of children with SCD. These three sources were rated high in importance, trust, frequency of contact, and perceived supportiveness toward mental and physical health needs.
Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 01/2011; 22(3):1014-29. · 1.10 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Traditionally, medical education does not specifically address the social determinants of health or how to advocate for families' cultural, social or economic needs in spite of our increasingly diverse society.
This article describes a new social-legal curriculum added to a Pediatric Resident's Advocacy course.
Pediatric interns completed 'Memos To Myself' after the Advocacy rotation.
The curriculum impacted residents' (1) realization regarding family circumstances; (2) reflections regarding self and personal practice; and (3) knowledge about advocacy issues and community partnerships for solutions.
This curriculum raised awareness about topics that are traditionally not covered in medical education.
Medical Teacher 01/2010; 32(9):754-9. · 1.22 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Health attributions influence health beliefs and subsequent health behaviors. Health attributions are partly shaped by culture. In turn, cultural health attributions affect beliefs about disease, treatment, and health practices. Like-wise, culture influences health and healing practices. Certain cultures have culture-bound syndromes about which medical practitioners should be trained. Other sociocultural factors such as immigration, acculturation, and social support play sig-nificant roles in health attributions and medical adherence. Culturally diverse patient populations require that medical educators learn new methods of cultural assessment and treatment in order to be effective. Medical educators also need teaching and learning approaches and philosophies that consider health attributions, beliefs, and practices of patients.
The Open Medical Education Journal 01/2009; 2:64-74.
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ABSTRACT: Positive interpersonal relationships between teachers and learners increase the quality of learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological size (perceived status) and psychological distance (perceived emotional connectedness) in medical teaching interactions and their impact on the teaching and learning process.
A total of 45 paediatric preceptor/resident pairs engaged in longitudinal continuity training experiences at different sites were surveyed about teaching effectiveness, satisfaction with teaching, and the psychological size and distance in the relationship between each pair.
Both residents and preceptors perceived the resident as having a smaller psychological size compared to the preceptor. Residents perceived greater psychological distance in the relationship than did preceptors, and this distance was significantly related to both residents' satisfaction with particular preceptors and their perception of the preceptors' effectiveness.
Psychological size and distance contribute to effective and satisfactory teaching. Investigating additional aspects of the teaching-learning relationship should help identify optimal educational conditions.
Medical Education 11/2004; 38(10):1053-60. · 3.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Certain teaching style (TS) and learning style (LS) combinations may enhance learning.
The objective was to examine the effects of combinations of TS and LS in preceptor-resident (PR-RE) dyads in a long-term teaching-learning environment.
Forty-four pediatric PR-RE pairs responded to Grasha's TS and LS inventories, the Clinical Teacher Characteristics Instrument (CTCI) and the Preceptor-Resident Relationship Inventory (PRPRI). Combined CTCI and PRRI means were compared using the t test.
The facilitator or personal model TS and collaborative LS pairs supported a healthy teaching-learning environment. Independent learners rated their preceptors' teaching characteristics positively. Competitive LS residents rated the relationship with the preceptor and preceptor teaching effectiveness less favorably. Residents overall indicated a less favorable relationship and clinical teaching characteristics than preceptors.
Certain combinations of TS with LS are perceived by preceptors and residents as more positive than others. This suggests TS and LS should be considered when pairing residents and preceptors.
Teaching and Learning in Medicine 20(3):239-47. · 0.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study examined whether or not the length of a media literacy intervention had an impact on awareness of sociocultural ideals, internalization of sociocultural ideals, and body dissatisfaction. Fifty-four traditional-aged undergraduate females were assigned to a control condition (25.9%), a video only condition (22.4%), a short-term single session intervention condition (22.4%), or a long-term multi-session intervention condition (29.3%). The long-term intervention did decrease body dissatisfaction and both the short- and long-term intervention conditions decreased internalization of sociocultural ideals. It appears that longer term media literacy interventions have more potential to reduce body dissatisfaction than shorter term media literacy interventions and both short- and long-term media literacy interventions reduce internalization of socio cultural ideals.
Eating Disorders 14(5):385-400.
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ABSTRACT: School-based health programs have a unique and powerful potential to meet the health needs of children because students spend more time in schools than in any other environment away from home. We conducted a participatory needs assessment called a Group Level Assessment (GLA) in collaboration with an economically disadvantaged and ethnically diverse school to facilitate the students' identification of and subsequent action toward important health needs. A total of 68 students in Kindergarten through eighth grade participated in the GLA. Four major themes emerged: the desire for more sports and after-school activities, better school lunches, enjoyment of friends and families, and overall happiness. Other health issues identified by the students included limited health/medical care, stress resulting from schoolwork and grades, positive self-image, and the desire for more art opportunities. The salient themes identified by students are consistent with many factors identified in the academic literature as important in child socioemotional functioning.
Family & community health 34(1):72-84. · 0.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: While breast-feeding initiation and duration among US Latina women appear to decrease with acculturation, health care providers in the Greater Cincinnati area have noted lower rates of breast-feeding among even first-generation Latina immigrants. This study's purpose was to identify determinants of breast-feeding for Latina mothers in Cincinnati through qualitative interviews and Spanish Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale ratings. Our findings suggest that, along with similar levels of breast-feeding self-confidence, foreign-born Latina women in the Greater Cincinnati area share similar breast-feeding determinants with the general population. However, characteristics of these determinants and their impact vary because of unique pressures experienced by this community.
Family & community health 33(4):318-28. · 0.99 Impact Factor
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Lisa M Vaughn
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ABSTRACT: In healthcare, there is an undeniable need for cultural competence in order to address the health needs of our growing, pluralistic families, eliminate existing health disparities, mend a fragmented system of care where some receive better services than others, and meet the required standards of accreditation bodies within health training programs. This review addresses the foundation, history, and complexity of cultural competency in healthcare and medicine. There is a description of current training in and evaluation of cultural competency, models of cultural competence, and future directions in research and training in the area of cultural competency.
Family & community health 32(3):247-56. · 0.99 Impact Factor
