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ABSTRACT: Built-in self-repair (BISR) technique has been widely used to repair embedded random access memories (RAMs). This paper presents a reconfigurable BISR (ReBISR) scheme for repairing RAMs with different sizes and redundancy organizations. An efficient redundancy analysis algorithm is proposed to allocate redundancies of defective RAMs. In the ReBISR, a reconfigurable built-in redundancy analysis (ReBIRA) circuit is designed to perform the redundancy algorithm for various RAMs. Also, an adaptively reconfigurable fusing methodology is proposed to reduce the repair setup time when the RAMs are operated in normal mode. Experimental results show that the ReBISR scheme can achieve high repair rate (i.e., the ratio of the number of repaired RAMs to the number of defective RAMs). The area cost of the ReBISR is very small, which is only about 2.7% for four RAMs (one 4 Kbit RAM, one 16 Kbit RAM, one 128 Kbit RAM, and one 512 Kbit RAM). Moreover, the time overhead of redundancy analysis is very small. For example, the ratio of the redundancy analysis time to the test time for a 512 Kbit RAM tested by a March-14 test with solid data backgrounds is only about 0.25%. On the other hand, the proposed fusing scheme can achieve about 86.94% reduction of repair setup time in comparison with a typical fusing scheme for 20 512 ?? 16 ?? 64-bit RAMs of which each RAM has one spare row and one spare column.
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 07/2010; · 1.22 Impact Factor
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IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. 01/2010; 18:921-932.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the stock wealth effect of consumption exhibits structural change(s) or behaves asymmetrically over business cycles. We first perform a general test of linearity for the behavior of aggregate consumption in response to changes in stock wealth based on Hamilton's (2001) approach. When a nonlinear relation is discovered, we move on to investigate the source(s) of this nonlinearity. We consider two types of nonlinearity: structural break and asymmetry. It is of interest to policy makers whether the sensitivity of consumption to changes in households' financial wealth shows a significant shift over time due to institutional and policy changes, and whether consumption is likely to decline more due to stock wealth shrinkage when the economy is in a downturn, as has been found in investme
09/2004;
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ABSTRACT: This paper presents efficient testing methodologies for conditional sum adders. A conditional sum adder consists of conditional cells and selection cells. We propose a design-for-testability (DFT) technique to modify the conditional cells of a conditional sum adder. Then a test scheme is used for detecting the conditional sum adder with single cell fault model (CFM). The proposed test scheme only needs very low-test complexity to test a conditional sum adder. For example, the number of test patterns for a 64-bit conditional sum adder is only 9. The ratio of the number of test patterns of the proposed test scheme to the number of the test patterns of the previous scheme (Becker et al., 1995) is only about 1%. Also, experimental results show that the area overhead is only about 2.8% for a 64-bit conditional sum adder with the DFT scheme.
Test Symposium, 2004. 13th Asian; 02/2004
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13th Asian Test Symposium (ATS 2004), 15-17 November 2004, Kenting, Taiwan; 01/2004
