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ABSTRACT: Mechanisms of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix formation are primary processes in the interaction with the material surface of an implant which are controlled by integrin receptors. The aim of our study was to find out whether beta1- and beta3-integrins of osteoblastic cells sense the surface topography of titanium, and if structural alterations of integrin adhesions were involved in the organization of fibronectin. Pure titanium surfaces were modified by polishing (P), machining (NT), blasting with glass spheres (GB), and blasting with corundum particles (CB) resulting in increasing roughness. Confocal microscopic investigations revealed fibrillar adhesions of beta1- and alpha5-integrins on P, NT, and GB, but on CB with its sharp edges these integrin subunits did not form fibrillar adhesions. beta3 generally appeared in focal adhesions. We observed aligned fibrillar structures of fibronectin on NT not only on the basal site but interestingly, also on the apical cell surface. In contrast, on CB, fibronectin appeared apically clustered. We suggest that this alignment of fibronectin fibrils depends on the directed actin cytoskeleton and in particular, on the capability of the beta1-integrins to form fibrillar adhesions, which is affected by the surface roughness of titanium.
Biomaterials 06/2005; 26(15):2423-40. · 7.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The mechanisms of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) which are of fundamental importance for function, survival, and growth of cells involve the formation of focal adhesions to facilitate integrin signaling. Recently, it became evident that focal adhesions are not stable but move to enable cell migration and ECM formation. We examined the number, size, and dynamic behavior of focal adhesions in living MG-63 osteoblastic cells, which were cultured on titanium surfaces with different roughnesses and on stainless steel (SS). As a marker for focal adhesions we used GFP-tagged vinculin, a cytoskeletal protein. Focal adhesions were smaller on titanium and on SS than on collagen-coated glass coverslips. The corundum-blasted rough surface of titanium induced the smallest adhesions. On all the surfaces that we have tested, we observed a mobility of focal adhesions. On collagen-coated coverslips focal adhesions moved with a speed of 60 nm/min. The speed was reduced on titanium and still more restricted on SS. The topography did not affect the mobility of focal adhesions. We conclude that on the material surfaces that we have studied a reduced mobility of focal adhesions may strengthen the linkages between cell and ECM but impair the ability to dynamically organize and remodel the ECM. The results may have a great impact in the functional evaluation of tailored biomaterial surfaces for the application in tissue engineering.
Biomaterials 03/2005; 26(4):383-92. · 7.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Electrochemically deposited calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings are fast resorbable and existent only during the first period of osseointegration. In the present study, composite coatings with varying solubility (hydroxyapatite (HA), brushite with less HA and monetite (M) with less HA) were prepared and the influence of the degradation and the reprecipitation of CaP on osteoblastic cells were investigated. On the brushite composite coating a new precipitated, finely structured CaP phase was observed during immersion in cell culture medium with or without osteoblastic cells. The surface morphology of monetite and HA coatings were entirely unmodified under the same conditions. So it could be assumed that electrochemically deposited brushite with less HA acts as a precursor for new precipitated CaP. On this surface osteoblastic cells revealed a well-spread morphology with pronounced actin cytoskeleton and demonstrated good proliferation behaviour. Thus we suggest that brushite seems to be especially suitable for coating of implants as a matrix for nucleation and growth of new bone.
Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 05/2004; 15(4):437-40. · 2.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Mechanisms of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix formation are primary processes in the interaction with the material surface of an implant which are controlled by integrin receptors. The aim of our study was to find out whether β1- and β3-integrins of osteoblastic cells sense the surface topography of titanium, and if structural alterations of integrin adhesions were involved in the organization of fibronectin. Pure titanium surfaces were modified by polishing (P), machining (NT), blasting with glass spheres (GB), and blasting with corundum particles (CB) resulting in increasing roughness. Confocal microscopic investigations revealed fibrillar adhesions of β1- and α5-integrins on P, NT, and GB, but on CB with its sharp edges these integrin subunits did not form fibrillar adhesions. β3 generally appeared in focal adhesions. We observed aligned fibrillar structures of fibronectin on NT not only on the basal site but interestingly, also on the apical cell surface. In contrast, on CB, fibronectin appeared apically clustered. We suggest that this alignment of fibronectin fibrils depends on the directed actin cytoskeleton and in particular, on the capability of the β1-integrins to form fibrillar adhesions, which is affected by the surface roughness of titanium.
Biomaterials.
