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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA) on cultured primary rat hepatocytes treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels, and liver micronucleus rates. ASTA (2.5, 5, and 10 µM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 µM) for 48 h. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that both doses of TCDD caused significant decrease in cell viability. Also, TCDD significantly increased TOS and decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin caused significant increase in micronucleated hepatocytes) and 8-OH-dG level as compared to control culture. The presence of ASTA with TCDD minimized its effects on primary hepatocytes cultures and DNA damages.
Toxicology and Industrial Health 07/2012; · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides. Our study was designed to investigate the induction of oxidative stress by cypermethrin; a Type II pyrethroid in rat liver and kidney. In addition, the protective role of sesame oil against the toxicity of cypermethrin was investigated. Animals were divided into four equal groups; the first group used as control while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with sesame oil (5 mL/kg b.w), cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w) and the combination of both sesame oil (5 mL/kg b.w) plus cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w), respectively. Rats were daily administered with their respective doses for 30 days by gavage. Repeated oral administration of cypermethrin was found to reduce the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. While, the level of TBARS was elevated indicating the presence of oxidative stress. The activities of LDH, AST and ALT were decreased in the liver extract while increased in the plasma of the cypermethrin-treated group. Also, the levels of urea and creatinine were significantly increased after treatment with cypermethrin. Liver and kidney injury was confirmed by the histological changes. In conclusion, the administration of sesame oil provided significant protection against cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress, biochemical changes, histopathological damage and genomic DNA fragmentation.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B Pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes 04/2012; 47(4):306-14. · 1.10 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The most potent of the dioxins, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. And the health impact of exposure to TCDD is of great concern to the general public. Recent data indicate that L: -glutamine (Gln) has antioxidant properties and may influence hepatotoxicity. The objective of the present study was undertaken to explore the effectiveness of Gln in alleviating the hepatotoxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Gln (0.5, 1 and 2 mM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (0.005 and 0.01 mM). The hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and Gln for 48 h. Then cell viability was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total glutathione (TGSH) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (MN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability but not L: -glutamine. TCDD also increased TOS level in rat hepatocytes and significantly decreased TAC and TGSH levels. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin in a dose-dependent manner caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. Whereas, in cultures exposured with Gln alone, TOS levels were not changed and TAC and TGSH together were significantly increased in dose-dependent fashion. The presence of Gln with TCDD modulated the hepatotoxic effects of TCDD on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, Gln has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages. As conclusion, we reported here an increased potential therapeutic significance of L: -glutamine in TCDD-mediated hepatic injury for the first time.
Cytotechnology 03/2012; · 1.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces hepatic damage. Propolis exhibits antioxidant properties and several studies suggest that supplementations with antioxidants can influence hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore the effectiveness of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD in the liver of rats. Animals were divided into six groups, namely, TCDD (0.75 and 8 µg/kg body weight (bw)), propolis (50 mg/kg bw), TCDD (0.75 and 8 µg) plus propolis (50 mg/kg bw), and control, respectively. Rats were intraperitoneally administered with their respective doses daily for 21 days. In rats that received a high dose of TCDD, the antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased and the serious pathological findings were established. Also, the rate of hepatocyte micronucleus (HMN) was increased after treating with TCDD. The reactions of enzymes in control and low-dose group were weak. The frequencies of HMN and liver histology were similar to both the groups. The presence of propolis with TCDD alleviated its pathological effects in hepatic tissue. Propolis also prevented the suppression of antioxidant enzymes in the livers of animals exposed to TCDD and displayed a strong protective effect against HMN. It can be concluded that propolis has beneficial influences and was able to antagonize TCDD toxicity in the liver.
Toxicology and Industrial Health 03/2012; · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) represents a potential health risk and hepatotoxicity. Astaxanthin (ASTA) exhibits antioxidant properties and can influence hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the present study was carried out for using ASTA against hepatotoxicity induced by TCDD in the liver of rats. Animals were treated intraperitoneally daily with TCDD (8 µg/kg body weight (b.w.)), ASTA (12.5 mg/kg b.w. and 25 mg/kg b.w.) and TCDD plus ASTA (12.5 and 25 mg/kg b.w.) for 21 days. TCDD significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and resulted in serious pathological findings. Moreover, the rate of micronucleus (MN) in hepatocytes increased after treating with TCDD. The activities of enzymes, frequencies of MNs and liver histology in lower dosage group of ASTA remained unchanged compared with the control group. In rats treated with ASTA, at higher dosage alone, the MNs remained unchanged and the activities of antioxidant enzymes significantly increased. The presence of ASTA (except for lower dose) with TCDD alleviated its pathological effects in hepatic tissue. ASTA also prevented the suppression of antioxidant enzymes in the livers of animals exposed to TCDD and displayed a strong protective effect against MNs. Thus, the present findings might provide new insight into the development of therapeutic and preventive approaches of TCDD toxicity.
Toxicology and Industrial Health 02/2012; · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The protective effect of sesame oil against cypermethrin-induced brain toxicity was studied. Female rats were orally treated with cypermethrin, sesame oil and their combination for 30 consecutive days. The results showed that cypermethrin increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and decreased glutathione (GSH) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Brain injury was confirmed by histopathological changes and DNA damage. Also, the reduction in the activities of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase (AChE & MAO), total protein, albumin and body weight, and the induction in triacylglycerol and cholesterol have been observed due to cypermethrin toxicity. Animals treated with sesame oil and cypermethrin together showed that brain TBARS and plasma triacylglycerol and cholesterol returned to the control level which indicating a protective effect of sesame oil. Also, sesame oil was able to attenuate the decrease in total protein, albumin, triacylglycerol and cholesterol, GSH, AChE and antioxidant enzymes induced by cypermethrin. In addition, sesame oil protected the brain histological changes and fragmentation of genomic DNA in animals treated with cypermethrin. The present results showed a protective effect of sesame oil against the cypermethrin induced brain toxicity and this could be associated mainly with the attenuation of the oxidative stress and the preservation in antioxidant enzymes.
Brain research bulletin 11/2011; · 2.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of L-glutamine (Gln) in alleviating the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in liver of rats. Rats were intraperitoneally administered Gln and TCDD doses daily for 21 days. In the liver of rats, the biochemical tests, pathological examination and micronucleus (MN) test were performed. TCDD significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and serious pathological findings. Moreover, the rate of MNs in hepatocytes increased after treatment with dioxin. In rats treated with Gln alone, the MNs remained unchanged, but the ratio of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly increased. Gln also prevented the suppression of GSH-Px (except for superoxide dismutase and catalase) and GSH in the livers of animals exposed to TCDD and displayed a strong protective effect against MNs. Thus, our findings for Gln might provide new insight into the development of therapeutic and preventive approaches in TCDD toxicity.
Toxicology and Industrial Health 10/2011; 28(7):663-72. · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The present experiment was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Propolis (25, 50 and 100 μM) was added to plain culture or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 μM). The hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and propolis for 48 h. Then cell viability was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (LMN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability. TCDD also increased TOS level and decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the TCDD caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG levels as compared to control culture. In cultures treated with propolis alone, cell viability and TOS level were not affected, while the level of TAC was significantly increased in dose-dependent fashion. The presence of propolis with TCDD modulated its toxic effects on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, propolis has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages.
Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 09/2011; 50(6):2142-8. · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential protective role of quercetin and curcumin against paracetamol-induced oxidative injury, liver damage and impairment of kidney function, as well as haematotoxicity in rats. Also, N-acetylcysteine was used to evaluate the potency of quercetin and curcumin. Paracetamol caused an elevation in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) paralleled with significant decline in glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (in plasma, brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney and testes) and glutathione content (in lung, liver and kidney). The apparent oxidative injury was associated with evident hepatic necrosis confirmed in histological examination, elevated plasma transmainases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Paracetamol reduced plasma total protein, albumin and globulin, while increased bilirubin, urea and creatinine, and induced haematotoxicity. The presence of quercetin or curcumin with paracetamol successfully mitigated the rise in TBARS and restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to the group treated with both paracetamol and N-acetylcysteine. They also protected liver histology, normalized liver and kidney functions, which was more pronounced with curcumin. Therefore, it can be concluded that concomitant administration of quercetin or curcumin with paracetamol may be useful in reversing the toxicity of the drug compared to N-acetylcysteine.
Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 11/2010; 48(11):3246-61. · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Aluminium is present in several manufactured foods and medicines and is also used in water purification. Therefore, the present experiment was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of propolis in modulating the aluminium chloride (AlCl(3)) induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in liver of rats. Animals were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: control; 34 mg AlCl(3)/kg bw; 50mg propolis/kg bw; AlCl(3) (34 mg/kg bw) plus propolis (50mg/kg bw), respectively. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were anesthetized and hepatocytes (HEP) were isolated for counting the number of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs). In addition, the levels of serum enzymes and histological alterations in liver were investigated. AlCl(3) caused a significant increase in MNHEPs, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases (AST and ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, severe pathological damages such as: sinusoidal dilatation, congestion of central vein, lipid accumulation and lymphocyte infiltration were established in liver. On the contrary, treatment with propolis alone did not cause any adverse effect on above parameters. Moreover, simultaneous treatments with propolis significantly modulated the toxic effects of AlCl(3). It can be concluded that propolis has beneficial influences and could be able to antagonize AlCl(3) toxicity.
Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 10/2010; 48(10):2741-6. · 2.99 Impact Factor
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Mokhtar I Yousef
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ABSTRACT: The objective of the current study was to analyze the reproductive toxicity caused by lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) in male rabbits, and to evaluate the possible protective effect of vitamin E (Vit. E) as antioxidant. Animals were orally administered their respective doses of LCT every other day and given drinking water supplemented with vitamin E for 16 weeks. Results showed that semen quality was deteriorated following treatment with LCT. Also, testosterone levels, body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), and relative testes (RTW) and epididymis (REW) weights were significantly decreased. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly increased in seminal plasma of rabbits treated with LCT compared with control. While, activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), transaminases and acid phosphatase (AcP) were significantly decreased. Vitamin E alone significantly increased testosterone levels, BW, FI, RTW, REW, semen characteristics and seminal plasma enzymes, and decreased the levels of TBARS. Also, the present study showed that vitamin E might be effective against LCT-induced reproductive toxicity. It was suggested that LCT exerted a significant adverse effect on reproductive performance of male rabbits. Furthermore, vitamin E antagonized the toxic effects of LCT and improved semen quality of male rabbit.
Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 02/2010; 48(5):1152-9. · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Fluorosis is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. As in the case of many chronic degenerative diseases, increased production of reactive oxygen species has been considered to play an important role, even in the pathogenesis of chronic fluoride toxicity. Black berry is closely linked to its protective properties against free radical attack. Therefore, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of black berry juice (BBJ) in decreasing the hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress of sodium fluoride (NaF). Results showed that NaF caused elevation in liver TBARS and nitric oxide (NO), and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione (GSH). Plasma transaminases (AST and ALT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total lipids (TL), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were increased, while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) was decreased. On the other hand, BBJ reduced NaF-induced TBARS, NO, TL, cholesterol, TG, LDL-c, AST, ALT, CK and LD. Moreover, it ameliorated NaF-induced decrease in SOD, CAT, GSH, TAC and HDL-c. Therefore, the present results revealed that BBJ has a protective effect against NaF-induced hepatotoxicity by antagonizing the free radicals generation and enhancement of the antioxidant defence mechanisms.
Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 07/2009; 47(9):2332-7. · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This paper studied the possible effect of folic acid in fortified Baladi bread on the prevention of colon cancer development in rats. Wheat flour samples (82% extraction rate) and soy bean flour were analyzed to determine their folic acid contents using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Unfortified and folic acid fortified Baladi breads were prepared.Samples from each step of bread preparation were analyzed for folic acid concentration. Protein, fat, ash, fibers and carbohydrates percentages were also determined. Rats were divided into five groups, four of them were injected subcutaneously with dimethylhydrazine (DMH). After 15 weeks, the rats were sacrificed for pathological examination. Results showed that the folic acid content in wheat flour (82% extraction rate) was found to be highly significantly lower than that in soybean flour. After baking, folic acid content in all breads was found to decrease significantly. The highest protein and fat contents were found in soybean flour fortified Baladi bread. The colons of rats of groups 3 (fed 5% soy flour fortified Baladi bread) and 5 (fed Baladi bread fortified with 5% soy flour + 8 mg folic acid/kg wheat flour) were the mostly affected by DMH injection as premalignant changes were observed.
Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 05/2009; · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Propolis, a natural product derived from plant resins collected by honeybees, has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine all over the world. Its components are strong antioxidants and free radical scavengers. On the other hand, aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) is the most potent pulmonary and hepatic carcinogen. Since the eradication of AFB 1 contamination in agricultural products has been difficult, the use of natural or synthetic free radical scavengers could be a potential chemopreventive strategy. The biological effects of propolis are known, but its interaction with AFB 1 is not known for therapeutic uses. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the protective effects of different concentrations of propolis (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L) against AFB 1 (3.12 ppm) genotoxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro. The genotoxic effects were assessed by micronucleus (MN) test in human blood cultures. The results of the present study indicated that AFB 1 significantly (P<0.05) increased formations of MNs in peripheral lymphocytes as compared to controls. On the contrary, propolis alone did not show genotoxic effects at the concentrations tested. Furthermore, AFB 1 -induced increases in the genotoxicity indices were diminished by the addition of propolis. This anti-mutagenic effect of propolis can be attributed to its powerful scavenger ability.
J. BIOL. ENVIRON. SCI. 01/2009; 3:77-80.
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ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative effect of curcumin against sodium arsenite-induced oxidative damage in rat. Animals were divided into four groups, the first group was used as control. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were orally treated with curcumin (15 mg/kg BW), sodium arsenite (Sa, 5 mg/kg BW) and sodium arsenite plus curcumin, respectively. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily for 30 days. Results showed that Sa increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma, liver, kidney, lung, testes and brain. While, the activities of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and the content of sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups) were significantly decreased in plasma and tissues compared to control. Treatment with curcumin alone reduced the levels of TBARS, while induced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, and the levels of SH-groups. The presence of curcumin with Sa reduced the induction in the levels of TBARS and induced the decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of SH-groups. Results indicated that treatment with Sa decreased body weight and increased liver weight compared to control. The presence of curcumin with Sa alleviated its toxic effects. It can be concluded that curcumin has beneficial influences and could be able to antagonize Sa toxicity.
Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 12/2008; 47(1):249-54. · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin in terms of normalization of altered biochemical parameters following sodium arsenite treatment in rats. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group was used as control. While, groups 2, 3 and 4 were orally treated with curcumin (Cur, 15 mg/kg BW), sodium arsenite (Sa, 5 mg/kg BW) and sodium arsenite plus curcumin, respectively. Results showed that the activities of transaminases and phosphatases were significantly decreased in liver due to Sa administration, whereas increased in plasma. The activity of brain and plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was decreased in rats treated with Sa. Also, Sa significantly decreased plasma total protein (TP), albumin (Alb) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), while increased glucose, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, total lipid (TL), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c). Curcumin alone decreased the levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, TL, cholesterol, TG and LDL-c. Curcumin reduced Sa-induced transaminases, phosphatases, glucose, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, TL, cholesterol and TG. Moreover, curcumin induced Sa-reduced liver transaminases and phosphatases, plasma and brain AChE, and the levels of TP and Alb. Experimental results, therefore suggested that curcumin protects arsenic induced biochemical alterations in rats.
Food and Chemical Toxicology 10/2008; 46(11):3506-11. · 3.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: An in vitro study using rabbit sperm was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of aluminium chloride (AlCl(3)) at 0, 2 and 4h of incubation on sperm motility and viability, oxidative status and the activities of some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)), transaminases and acid phosphatase. The role of vitamin C (1 mM) or vitamin E (2 mM) was also investigated in counteracting deterioration caused by AlCl(3) on the tested parameters. Rabbit sperm was incubated with different concentrations of AlCl(3) (0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mM) with or without vitamin C or vitamin E for 2 and 4 h. Results revealed that the percentage of motile and viable sperm decreased significantly after AlCl(3) treatment at 10, 15 and 20 mM and the response was both concentration and time dependent. Aluminium chloride at concentrations of 10, 15 and 20 mM caused significant induction of oxidative stress as evidenced by increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and inhibition in the activities of SOD and CAT. Increase in the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and decline in the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) were also observed at AlCl(3) concentrations of 15 and 20 mM. Co-incubation with either vitamin C or vitamin E resulted in marked degrees of protection against AlCl(3)-induced cytotoxic effects, represented in decreased TBARS levels and restoration of enzymes activities near control. On the other hand, no significant effect was exerted from vitamin C or vitamin E on motility and viability. The present study demonstrated that AlCl(3) caused deterioration in sperm motility and viability, enhancement of free radicals and alterations in enzymes activities. The antioxidants revealed protective effects against the cytotoxicity of AlCl(3).
Toxicology 11/2007; 239(3):213-23. · 3.68 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, home pest control, protection of foodstuff and disease vector control. The objective of this study was to investigate the propensity of deltamethrin to induce oxidative stress and changes in biochemical parameters and enzyme activities in male rats following a short-term (30 days) oral exposure and its possible attenuation by Vitamin E (Vit. E). Rats were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 0mg Vit. E and 0mg deltamethrin/kg body weight (BW) (control); 100mg Vit. E/kg BW; 1.28mg deltamethrin/kg BW; 100mg Vit. E plus 1.28mg deltamethrin/kg BW. Results obtained showed that deltamethrin significantly (P<0.05) induced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS; the marker of lipid peroxidation) in plasma. The activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreased due to deltamethrin administration. On the other hand, treatment with Vitamin E alone increased the activities of GST and SOD, and decreased the levels of TBARS. Also, Vitamin E alleviated the harmful effect of deltamethrin in the combination group. Enzymatic activities of aminotransferases (AST and ALT), phosphatases (AcP and AlP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in plasma were significantly increased, while acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was inhibited. Deltamethrin significantly (P<0.05) increased the levels of plasma total lipid (TL), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), while the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased. Vitamin E alone decreased the levels of lipids and lipoproteins, and alleviated the harmful effects of deltamethrin. Concentrations of glucose, urea, creatinine and total bilirubin were increased. While, plasma total protein (TP), albumin (A) and globulin (G) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased. The present study revealed that the presence of Vitamin E could diminish the adverse effects of deltamethrin on most of biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities in rats.
Toxicology 11/2006; 227(3):240-7. · 3.68 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Chromium hexavalent (Cr(VI)) is a biologically active oxidized state of chromium. It is involved in the redox cycle, with the production of reactive oxygen species. Free radical scavenging properties and possible antioxidant activity of folic acid (FA) have been reported; therefore, the present study examined possible protective effects of FA on the reproductive toxicity of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in male New Zealand white rabbits. We monitored reproductive performance, lipid peroxidation, enzyme activities and biochemical parameters in seminal plasma. Six rabbits per treatment group (and a control group) were exposed: 8.3 microg/kg FA; 5 mg/kg potassium dichromate (contains 3.6 mg chromium(VI)) and 5 mg/kg potassium dichromate+8.3 microg/kg FA. Results showed that semen quality deteriorated following potassium dichromate exposure. Testosterone levels, body weight (BW), relative weights of testes (RTW) and epididymis (REW) all decreased. Levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances increased, whereas the activities of glutathione S-transferase, transaminases and phosphatases decreased in the seminal plasma. FA alone significantly increased BW, RTW, REW, semen characteristics and seminal plasma enzymes, and decreased the levels of free radicals. Furthermore, FA can be effective in the protection of chromium-induced reproductive toxicity.
Reproductive Toxicology 05/2006; 21(3):322-8. · 3.23 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Deleterious effects of chromium (VI) compounds are diversified affecting almost all the organ systems in a wide variety of animals. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of folic acid (FA) in alleviating the toxicity of chromium (VI) on certain biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, and enzyme activities of male New Zealand white rabbits. Six rabbits per group were assigned to one of four treatment groups: 0 mg FA and 0 mg Cr(VI)/kg BW (control); 8.3 microg FA/kg BW; 5 mg Cr(VI)/kg BW; 5 mg Cr(VI) plus 8.3 microg FA/kg BW, respectively. Rabbits were orally administered their respective doses every day for 10 weeks. Results obtained showed that Cr(VI) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of free radicals and the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and decreased the content of sulfhydryl groups (SH groups) in liver, testes, brain, kidney, and lung. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AlP), acid phosphatase (AcP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly decreased in liver and testes due to Cr(VI) administration. Also, AlP and AcP activities were significantly decreased in kidney and lung. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was significantly decreased in brain and plasma. Contrariwise, the activities of AST and ALT were significantly increased in plasma, while AlP and AcP decreased. Chromium (VI) treatment caused a significant decrease in plasma total protein (TP) and globulin, and increased total lipids (TL), cholesterol, glucose, urea, creatinine, and bilirubin concentrations. Folic acid alone significantly decreased the levels of free radicals in liver, brain, and kidney, and increased the content of SH-group. The activities of AST, ALT, and LDH in liver; AST, ALT, AlP, AcP, and LDH in testes; AcP in kidney; AlP and AcP in lung, and LDH in brain were significantly increased. Plasma TP and albumin were increased, while urea and creatinine were decreased. The presence of FA with Cr(VI) restored the changes in enzyme activities and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, folic acid could be effective in the protection of chromium-induced toxicity.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B 01/2006; 41(5):731-46. · 0.89 Impact Factor
