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ABSTRACT: We report the findings of three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in a patient with a parachute mitral valve (MV) accompanied by aortic valve (AV) malformation. The results indicated an enhanced echo in MV anterior leaves, incrassate, and shortened subvalvular chordae tendineae, and posteromedial papillary muscle that had echo reinforcement, calcification, retroposition, and a significant decrease compared with anterolateral papillary muscle. In addition, the anterolateral papillary muscle was huge, with the bilateral papillary muscles fused partly, and the posterior subvalvular chordae tendineae incrassate, shortened, and attached parachute-like to the anterolateral papillary muscle. The MV appeared dome-shaped for the open limit in diastole with an MV area of 1.6cm. Moreover, the left ventricle increased in size and the bicuspid AV was malformed. Continuous wave Doppler angiograph showed that the flow rate increased to 398cm/seconds at the AV orifice area. A 3D form of the MV structure was observed from the left ventricle using 3D-TEE inspection. The anterolateral papillary muscle was fused with its posteromedial homologue. The chordae tendineae was attached to the anterolateral papillary with the parachute-like structure, indicating dome movement.
The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 09/2012; 28(9):506-8. · 0.61 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Blunt chest trauma can cause serious complications, but coronary artery occlusion is rare. In a 19-year-old man, 40 days after a motorcycle accident, comprehensive echocardiography detected left anterior descending artery occlusion and left ventricular dysfunction, which was confirmed by coronary angiography and ventriculography. Echocardiography was also able to confirm restored left anterior descending artery flow and improved left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 05/2012; 40(6):370-4. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to examine plant biomass accumulation and carbon (C) storage in four different aged Sonneratia apetala plantations in the Leizhou Bay in South China. The allometric equations using diameter at breast height (DBH) and height
(H) were developed to quantify plant biomass. The total forest biomass (TFB) of S. apetala plantation at 4, 5, 8, and 10years old was 47.9, 71.7, 95.9, and 108.1Mg ha−1, respectively. The forest biomass C storage in aboveground (AGB) and roots at 4, 5, 8, and 10-year plantation was 19.9, 32.6,
42.0, 49.0Mg ha−1, respectively. Soil organic C (SOC) on the top 20cm of sediments increased by 0.3, 6.8, 27.4, and 35.0Mg ha−1after 4, 5, 8, and 10years of reforestation, respectively. The average annual rate of total carbon storage (TCS) accumulation
at 4, 5, 8, and 10-year S. apetala plantation was 5.0, 7.9, 8.7, and 8.4Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The TCS values in this study were underestimated because we only estimated SOC storage on the top 20-cm sediments
in these plantations. This study suggests these young S. apetala plantations have the characteristics of fast growth, high biomass accumulation, and high C storage capacity, especially in
sediments. They sequestrated C at a high but varying rate over time. The large-scale reforestation of S. apetala plantations in the open coastal mudflats in southern China has great potential to sequestrate more C as well as restore the
degraded coastal land. The potential ecological issues associated with the increasing monoculture plantations were discussed.
More long-term monitoring and research are needed to further evaluate biomass and C accumulation of S. apetala plantations over time as well as how the increasing distribution of this monoculture plantation will influence the few native
mangrove remnants.
Plant and Soil 04/2012; 327(1):279-291. · 2.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Quantitative tissue velocity imaging (QTVI) is a new noninvasive method that derives measurements of velocities directly from the myocardium. Data on atrial myocardial tissue velocities in normal fetuses have not been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate atrial myocardial velocity and the myocardial velocity gradient of normal fetuses by using QTVI.
We measured motion velocities of the left and right atrial wall along the long axis in 50 normal fetuses aged 21-32 weeks gestation (mean, 25.3 ± 2.8 weeks). In all fetuses, peak myocardial velocity during early diastole (EW), atrial contraction (AW), and ventricular systole (SW) waves was recorded in the basal and mid-atrial segments. Correlation analysis was conducted between segmental velocities of the left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) and gestational age.
The mean values for EW, AW, and SW of the long axis in the same right basal segment of the RA were greater than those of the LA (P < 0.01). There was a degressive gradient with velocity from the basal to superior in the atrial wall. There was a linear relationship with gestation for all basal myocardial velocities of the left and right atrial free wall (P < 0.05). However, the myocardial velocity variables of the midatrial wall showed no age-dependence.
We demonstrated that QTVI is reproducible and provides readily obtained parameters that provide unique data regarding segmental atrial myocardial velocity in normal fetuses.
Echocardiography 11/2011; 29(2):182-6. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The relation between pulmonary venous flow (PVF) pattern and degree of left-to-right interatrial shunting (IAS) in patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is unknown.
Fifty consecutive ASD patients (14 males, 36±17years) received transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) before and 1day after transcatheter closure and their results were compared to 40 controls. The ratio of pulmonary-to-systemic flows (Qp/Qs) was assessed by TTE and invasive oximetry.
Pre-closure PV systolic (PVs), diastolic (PVd) velocities and velocity-time integral (PV-VTI) increased, time from onset of ECG Q-wave to the peak PV diastolic wave (Q-PVd) shortened and atrial reversal (PVar) velocity significantly decreased as compared to normals. These findings normalized after closure. Patients with large IAS (defined as invasive Qp/Qs≥2) had higher PVs, PVd and PV-VTI, shorter Q-PVd but lower PVar (all p<0.01) than those with small IAS. Invasive Qp/Qs ratios correlated with PVs, PVd, PV-VTI, Q-PVd and TTE-derived Qp/Qs ratios, ASD sizes and RV end-diastolic dimensions (all p<0.05). PV-VTI (β=0.49) and ASD size (β=0.48) remained independent predictors of large IAS after multivariate analysis. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 89%, 82% and 0.90 respectively for a PV-VTI of 30cm (p<0.001).
ASD patients with significant IAS have distinguishable PVF features. Doppler evaluation of PV-VTI is a novel additional tool for assessing the magnitude of shunting in these patients non-invasively.
International journal of cardiology 04/2011; 160(1):59-65. · 7.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We studied prospectively whether atherosclerotic progression in apolipoprotein-E knockout mice could be noninvasively and accurately measured by use of high-resolution ultrasonographic biomicroscopy. We examined the correlation between the ultrasonographic characterization of ascending aortic atherosclerotic plaque and plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 levels in these mice.In 4 age groups (8, 16, 24, and 32 wk) of 8 male knockout mice each (atherosclerotic groups) and age-matched male C57BL/6 mice (control groups), we used ultrasonographic biomicroscopy to measure maximal plaque thickness or intima-media thickness in the ascending aorta. We compared the findings with corresponding histologic measurements, and we measured plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 levels in each group.Mean atherosclerotic thicknesses and C-reactive protein and interleukin levels were significantly higher in each atherosclerotic group than in the control groups (all P < 0.05). Ultrasonographically measured atherosclerotic thickness correlated well with histologic measurements of the same vascular regions (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). C-reactive protein levels increased concomitantly with age in the knockout mice, and ultrasonographically measured atherosclerotic thickness correlated with those levels (r = 0.626, P < 0.001). However, there was no correlation between plasma interleukin levels and atherosclerotic severity as measured by ultrasonographic biomicroscopy.In the apolipoprotein-E knockout mice, we found that measurements of intima-media or maximal plaque thickness by ultrasonographic biomicroscopy noninvasively and accurately detected atherosclerotic progression, that plasma C-reactive protein levels correlated with atherosclerosis, and that elevated plasma C-reactive protein levels correlated with atherosclerotic severity.
Texas Heart Institute journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital 01/2011; 38(4):364-70. · 0.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Accurate diagnosis of crisscross heart and its associated anomalies is important but problematic for cardiologists. This study aimed at identifying unique transthoracic echocardiographic features and common associated lesions of this complex condition.
Clinical and echocardiographic features of 10 patients with crisscross anatomy were studied. Echocardiographic findings were verified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or surgical inspection.
Crisscross anatomy (10 patients, age at diagnosis ranged from 1 month to 25 years, five female) was identified in 0.076% of patients with congenital heart diseases from 1985 to 2006. All patients had cyanosis and 80% of them were underweight. Superior-inferior ventricles (SIV) and crossed ventricular inflow streams were seen in 90% and 100% of patients, respectively. All patients had abnormal ventriculo-arterial (VA) connections: five with transposition of great artery (L-type: n = 2; D-type: n = 3) and five with double outlet right ventricle. Commonly associated anomalies included ventricular septal defects (100%), right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (60%), atrioventricular valves straddling or overriding (50%), atrial septal defect (40%), and right ventricular hypoplasia (30%). Seven patients received cardiac surgery for the relief of cyanosis.
SIV and crossed inflow streams are important diagnostic features for crisscross heart by transthoracic echocardiogram. The hemodynamic consequences of abnormal VA connections and associated defects impact surgical management.
Echocardiography 01/2011; 28(1):104-8. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 09/2010; 29(9):1365-8. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A 49-year-old lady, known to have Eisenmenger PDA, careful transthoracic echocardiogram, showed clear evidence for pulmonary trunk dissection with a flap across the pulmonary trunk and this finding was confirmed by a CT scan.
European Heart Journal – Cardiovascular Imaging 09/2010; 11(8):E32. · 2.32 Impact Factor
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Texas Heart Institute journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital 01/2010; 37(3):376-7. · 0.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study sought to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the risk of left atrial (LA)/left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) before catheter ablation. From January 2007 to March 2008, 433 consecutive patients with nonvalvular AF were enrolled. Patients with valvular heart disease, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism were excluded. All patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography. Twenty-six of 433 patients (6.0%) had LA/LAA thrombus and the patients with thrombus had a significantly higher BMI (27.9 +/- 3.1 vs 26.0 +/- 3.3 kg/m(2), p = 0.005). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of BMI predicting thrombus was 0.662. With a cut-off point of 27.0 kg/m(2), the sensitivity and specificity of BMI for the diagnosis of thrombus were 69.2% and 83.1%, respectively. The incidence of LA/LAA thrombus was 10.6% in patients with BMI > or =27.0 kg/m(2) versus only 3.0% for patients with BMI <27.0 kg/m(2) (p = 0.001). In multivariable analysis, BMI > or =27.0 kg/m(2) (odds ratio 4.02, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 13.55, p = 0.025), Cardiac Failure, Hypertension, Age, Diabetes, Stroke Doubled score > or =2, and nonparoxysmal AF were independent risk factors of LA/LAA thrombus. In conclusion, BMI > or =27.0 kg/m(2) is an independent risk factor of LA/LAA thrombus in patients with AF.
The American journal of cardiology 12/2009; 104(12):1699-703. · 3.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To assess cardiac twist in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients using echocardiography velocity vector imaging (VVI) and to explore the clinical application value of VVI in evaluating cardiac twist.
Thirty-three normal subjects and 30 DCM patients were enrolled. Echocardiographs of parasternal left ventricle basal, papillary muscle level and apical short axis plane, apical four-, two-chamber plane were obtained respectively. Systolic maximal rotation degree, peak rotation velocity, circumferential strain (CS), time to peak rotation velocity (TPRV), peak un-rotation velocity of end diastole and end isovolumic relaxation period in subendocardium were measured by VVI software.
(1) In the normal group, left ventricle performed systolic wring motion with counterclockwise rotation at the apex and clockwise rotation at the base as seen from the apex, while with transient counterclockwise rotation at the base and clockwise rotation at the apex in isovolumic relaxation period. The papillary level rotation form was not constant For the dominant rotation action of the apex, the whole cardiac twist form was counterclockwise. (2) Compared with the control group, 4 DCM patients cardiac twist pattern changed: two showed both counterclockwise rotation of the base and the apex, one represented both clockwise rotation of the base and the apex, another performed the base rotated counterclockwise and the apex rotated clockwise. (3) All rotation and twist parameters of other 26 DCM patients decreased, especially at the apical level: LVtw:7.34 degrees +/- 3.65 degrees vs. 17.01 degrees +/- 4.81 degrees, LVtor: (0.09 +/- 0.04) degrees/mm vs. (0.23 +/- 0.06) degrees/mm, torsion rate: (60.23 +/- 23.67) degrees/s vs. (148.24 +/- 56.23) degrees/s, untwisting rate (0.37 +/- 0.19) degrees/m vs. (0.59 +/- 0.33%)/m, basal CS: (-8.09 +/- 2.73)% vs. (-19.49 +/- 5.51)% (P = 0.013), apical CS: (-8.94 +/- 5.90)% vs. (-27.49 +/- 9.53)% (P = 0.000), basal rotation angle: (-3.60 +/- 2.38) vs. (-6.28 +/- 3.05) (P = 0.014), apical rotation angle: (5.80 +/- 3.55) degrees vs. (11.02 +/- 3.33) degrees (P = 0.001). (4) The apical TPRV in DCM group were longer than the control group represented rotational dyssynchrony in DCM patients (400.26 ms +/- 70.15 ms vs 328.13 ms +/- 66.95 ms, P = 0.008). LVtw correlated positively well with EF (r = 0.489, P < 0.05).
(1) Cardiac twist function was diffusely impaired in DCM patients and it contributed to the global cardiac dysfunction. (2) Cardiac twist pattern changed in some of DCM patients. (3) VVI can objectively reflect cardiac twist function in DCM patients.
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 07/2009; 89(27):1892-6.
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ABSTRACT: To study the application of Doppler tissue imaging (TDI) in the assessment of right ventricular function of patients with intraoperative device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD).
A total of 48 ASD patients, 18 males and 30 females, were selected for intraoperative device closure. The mean age was 31 +/- 16 years old. Color Doppler echocardiographic instrument (Sonos 4500) was employed to perform the Doppler tissue imaging before and at 3-5 days after operation. The parameters included: (1) Time and peak speed of systolic motion of anterior tricuspid valve annulus (TDI-TS, TDI-PVS), early diastole motion time (TDI-TE) and late diastolic motion time (TDI-TA) and peak speed of early and late diastolic motion (TDI-PVE, TDI-PVA), interval between the early diastolic motion and late diastolic motion (TDI-TE-A); (2) Peak speed of systolic, early diastolic and late diastolic motions of the middle lateral and basic lateral walls of right ventricle.
The TDI-PVS (0.16 +/- 0.05) m/s in post-operation was decreased than TDI-PVS (0.20 +/- 0.04) m/s in pre-operation and TDI-PVA (0.12 +/- 0.03) m/s in post-operation was decreased than TDI-PVA (0.16 +/- 0.02) m/s in pre-operation apparently (P < 0.01). The TDI-TS (231 +/- 36) msec in post-operation were shorter than TDI-TS (265 +/- 24) msec in pre-operation (P < 0.01). Peak spead of Systolic, early diastolic and late diastolic motions of middle lateral and basic lateral walls of right ventricle declined post-operatively (P < 0.01).
TDI is an effective method to evaluate the function of right ventricle quantitatively in patients with intraoperative device closure of ASD.
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 06/2009; 89(23):1627-9.
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ABSTRACT: To analyze the association of hyperuricemia with incidence of carotid plaque in general population and furthermore to explore the predictive value of serum uric acid in the early prevention of atherosclerotic disease.
The participants were selected from a part of Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study (CMCS). Two investigations on cardiovascular risk factors and two on carotid ultrasound detection were carried out in 2002 and 2007, respectively.
(1) The standard prevalence of hyperuricemia on baseline was 5.4%, being 7.7% in male and 3.9% in female. (2) The standard incidence of carotid plaque was 45.3%, being 51.7% in male and 42.7% in female. It was shown that the incidence of plaque in the bulb of common carotid arteries was the highest. (3) After adjusting for age, smoking, high triglyceride, high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity, hyperuricemia in female was an independent risk factor associated with 5-year incidence of formation plaque in the bulb of common carotid; the odds ratio (OR) was 3.56 (P = 0.02, 95%CI = 1.21 - 10.41).
Hyperuricemia in female was an independent risk factor associated with 5-year incidence of plaque formation in the bulb of common carotid, and hyperuricemia in male was not an independent factor associated with 5-year incidence plaque formation.
Zhonghua nei ke za zhi [Chinese journal of internal medicine] 12/2008; 47(11):906-9.
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ABSTRACT: Live three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (live-3D-TEE) is a new technique, but its clinical value is unclear at present. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, imaging quality and accuracy of live-3D-TEE for assessing mitral valve morphology to determine if live-3D-TEE has important value in mitral valve surgery.
Twenty-four patients with mitral valve disease (mean age (47.1 +/- 11.6) years, mean weight (64.7 +/- 10.5) kg) underwent live-3D-TEE and two dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE) before and after mitral valve surgery. Sensitivity, specificity, and total consistency rates of live-3D-TEE for diagnosing ruptured chordae were calculated and compared to surgeon's findings. We also compared the diagnostic accuracy of mitral valve disease between live-3D-TEE and 2D-TEE.
Live-3D-TEE allowed visualization of the anatomic structure of the heart online and clearly identified the valvular apparatus and their defects. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ruptured chordae by live-3D-TEE were 87.5% and 100% respectively, and the total consistency rate was 95.8%. Additional defects not diagnosted by 2D-TEE were found in three cases (12.5%) preoperatively by live-3D-TEE. Live-3D-TEE could evaluate the function of prosthetic or native valves immediately after operation. One case was re-repaired (4.2%) using guidance by live-3D-TEE.
Live-3D-TEE enabled evaluation of mitral valve function and provided adequate valuable information before and after mitral valve surgery. We conclude that live-3D-TEE can play an important role in mitral valve surgery.
Chinese medical journal 11/2008; 121(20):2037-41. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: There is a lack of echocardiographic studies to address the detection of atrial masses and abnormal venous connections in patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) repair. This study sought to demonstrate that with proper technique, these unusual conditions could be diagnosed confidently by transthoracic echocardiography.
We performed a retrospective review of all repaired ASD patients of all ages with follow-up echocardiography done at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from year 1999 to 2005. Clinical and echocardiographic features of patients with aforementioned conditions were evaluated.
Systematic echocardiographic protocol identified 11 patients with unusual conditions, in whom four patients had atrial masses (three atrial thrombi, one inflammatory pseudotumor) and seven patients had abnormal venous connections (two inadvertent diversion of inferior vena cava to left atrium, five previously unrecognized partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections).
Atrial masses and abnormal venous connections could be diagnosed through a systematic echocardiographic approach in evaluating patients with ASD repair.
Echocardiography 10/2008; 25(10):1094-100. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the clinical value of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in guiding intraoperative device closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD).
Fifty ASD patients, aged 40 +/- 18 (15-72), 34 with an ASD ranging from 30 to 40 mm and 16 with atrial septal aneurysm accompanied by double or more ASDs, underwent intraoperative device closure through a right minithoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass and fluoroscopy. Under general anesthesia, a probe was inserted into the esophagus, and TEE was conducted at different planes to observe the characteristics of the ASD. The size of implanted device was determined by TEE. Small parasternal incision was made in the right third or fourth intercostal space. A specially designed plastic sheath loaded with Amplatzer occlusion device was inserted through the purse-string sutures placed on the right atrium. Guided by transesophageal echocardiography, the Amplatzer occlusion device was advanced through the ASD into the left atrium and was deployed in place. The right ventricular end diastolic volume (RVEDV), right ventricular end systolic volume (RVESV), right ventricular stroke volume (RVSV), right ventricular ejection fraction (RVSV), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and after the operation were calculated.
The procedure was successful conducted in 48 patients. And the other two patients failing to receive this procedure, one having a large ASD that could not be occluded and the other with ASD accompanied by partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, were shifted to operation with cardiopulmonary bypass. After the operation, the RVEDV was (94 +/- 32) ml, and the RVSV was (52 +/- 20) ml respectively, both significantly lower than those before the operation [(78 +/- 23) ml and (41 +/- 13) ml respectively, both P < 0.05]. The LVEDV and LVSV after operation were (73 +/- 19) ml and (50 +/- 11) ml respectively, both significantly higher than those before operation [(56 +/- 14) ml and (34 +/- 12) ml respectively, both P < 0.05].
TEE provides valuable information in further confirmation of diagnosis of ASD, selection of appropriate size of Amplatzer occluder, guidance of the deployment of occluder, observation of the effects of operation, and prompt detection of complication.
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 03/2008; 88(10):691-3.
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ABSTRACT: Myocardial perfusion associates with clinical syndromes and prognosis. Adenosine could improve myocardial perfusion of acute myocardial infarction within 6 hours, but few data are available on late perfusion of myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed at quantitatively evaluating the value of intracoronary adenosine improving myocardial perfusion in late reperfused MI with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE).
Twenty-six patients with anterior wall infarcts were divided randomly into 2 groups: adenosine group (n = 12) and normal saline group (n = 14). Their history of myocardial infarction was about 3 - 12 weeks. Adenosine or normal saline was given when the guiding wire crossed the lesion through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), then the balloon was dilated and stent (Cypher/Cypher select) was implanted at the lesion. Contrast pulse sequencing MCE with Sonovue contrast via the coronary route was done before PCI and 30 minutes after PCI. Video densitometry and contrast filled-blank area were calculated with the CUSQ off-line software. Heart function and cardiac events were followed up within 30 days.
Perfusion in the segments of the criminal occlusive coronary artery in the adenosine group was better than that in the saline group (5.71 +/- 0.29 vs 4.95 +/- 1.22, P < 0.05). Ischemic myocardial segment was deminished significantly after PCI, but the meliorated area was bigger in the adenosine group than in the saline group ((1.56 +/- 0.60) cm(2) vs (1.02 +/- 0.56) cm(2), P < 0.05). The video densitometry in critical segments was also improved significantly in the adenosine group (5.53 +/- 0.36 vs 5.26 +/- 0.35, P < 0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was improved in all patients after PCI, but EF was not significant between the two groups ((67 +/- 6)% vs (62 +/- 7)%, P > 0.05). There was no in-hospital or 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in the adenosine group but 3 MACE in the saline group in 30 days after PCI.
Adenosine could improve myocardial microvascular perfusion in the late reopening of an occluded infarct related artery (3 to 12 weeks after AMI) and clinical outcome in the follow-up period, and myocardial microvascular perfusion is a powerful predictor of clinical events.
Chinese medical journal 03/2008; 121(3):195-9. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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Jun Liu,
Dong Zhao,
Wei Wang, Zhi-an Li,
Qiang Yong,
Hui Sun,
Kui Huang,
Qing Zhao,
Jin Tian,
Jia-yi Sun,
Zhao-su Wu
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ABSTRACT: To explore the association of baseline cholesterol level in 1992 and its 10-year change from 1992 to 2002 with the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis.
In 1992, 1985 subjects of the community of Peking University, aged 35 - 64, underwent physical examination and blood-lipid test to study the cardio-vascular disease (CVD) risk factors. In 2002, the second survey on CVD risk factors was conducted among the existing 1932 subjects, now aged 45 - 74. In addition, B-mode ultrasonography of the carotid artery was performed too. The complete data of 1331 subjects were analyzed.
(1) In 2002, the prevalence rates of intimal medial thickening (IMT) and carotid plaque in the study population were 47.8% and 29.9% respectively. (2) The post-10-year prevalence rate of carotid plaque was 19.7% in the subjects with the baseline cholesterol < 3.64 mmol/L, and was 46.8% in those with the baseline cholesterol 6.24 mmol/L, with a thickening rate 3.1 times that of the subjects with the baseline cholesterol < 3.64 mmol/L. The higher the baseline TV level, the higher the prevalence rates of carotid plaque and IMT. (3) The prevalence rate of carotid plaque was 32.0% in the subjects with normal TC in both 1992 and 2002, and 50.0% in those with hypercholesterolemia in both 1992 and 2002.
Carotid atherosclerosis is a prevalent disorder in the people aged 45 - 74 in Beijing. The prevalence rates of carotid plaque and IMT increase with the elevation of baseline cholesterol level.
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 06/2006; 86(20):1386-9.
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ABSTRACT: To explore the association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and its impact on the 10-year prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis.
Two surveys for CVD risk factors were carried out in a population consisting of 1323 subjects in Beijing in both 1992 and 2002 and a direct measurement of carotid arteries with B-mode ultrasound imaging were performed in 2002. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque of carotid arteries were regarded as the indicators of carotid atherosclerosis and main CVD risk factors were treated as the impact factors.
(1) 10-year prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis continually increased with elevated baseline risk factors levels. Age, smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were found to be independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis. (2) 10-year prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis increased with the elevated number of risk factors clustering in individuals. (3) The prevalence of IMT and plaque were 67.1% and 42.6% in subjects with CVD risk factors in both 1992 and 2002 surveys with Odds Ratios being 1.7 and 3.1 times as those without risk factors.
Traditional CVD risk factors exert impact on CVD and carotid atherosclerosis with different degrees and carotid atherosclerosis can be regarded as an early evaluation indicator for risk of atherosclerotic diseases.
Zhonghua nei ke za zhi [Chinese journal of internal medicine] 04/2006; 45(3):206-9.
