Publications (7)32.25 Total impact
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Article: Positive and negative network correlations in temporal lobe epilepsy.
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ABSTRACT: Temporal lobe seizures are accompanied by complex behavioral phenomena including loss of consciousness, dystonic movements and neuroendocrine changes. These phenomena may arise from extended neural networks beyond the temporal lobe. To investigate this, we imaged cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes during human temporal lobe seizures with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) while performing continuous video/EEG monitoring. We found that temporal lobe seizures associated with loss of consciousness produced CBF increases in the temporal lobe, followed by increases in bilateral midline subcortical structures. These changes were accompanied by marked bilateral CBF decreases in the frontal and parietal association cortex. In contrast, temporal lobe seizures in which consciousness was spared were not accompanied by these widespread CBF changes. The CBF decreases in frontal and parietal association cortex were strongly correlated with increases in midline structures such as the mediodorsal thalamus. These results suggest that impaired consciousness in temporal lobe seizures may result from focal abnormal activity in temporal and subcortical networks linked to widespread impaired function of the association cortex.Cerebral Cortex 09/2004; 14(8):892-902. · 6.54 Impact Factor -
Article: A technique to re-establish dose distributions for previously treated brain cancer patients in external beam radiotherapy.
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ABSTRACT: Tumor recurrences or new tumors may develop after irradiation of local lesion(s) in the brain, and additional radiotherapy treatments are often needed for previously treated patients. It is critical to re-establish the dose distributions delivered during the previous treatment in the current patient geometry, so that the previous dose distributions can be accurately taken into consideration in the design of the current treatment plan. The difficulty in re-establishing the previous treatment dose distributions in the current patient geometry arises from the fact that the patient position at the time of reirradiation is different from that at the previous treatment session. Simple re-entry of the previous isocenter coordinates, gantry, and couch and collimator angles into the new treatment plan would result in incorrect beam orientations relative to the new patient anatomy, and therefore incorrect display of the previous dose distributions on the current patient anatomy. To address this issue, a method has been developed so that the previous dose distributions can be accurately re-established in the framework of the current brain treatment. The method involves 3 matrix transformations: (1) transformation of beams from machine coordinate system to patient coordinate system in the previous treatment; (2) transformation of beams from patient coordinate system in the previous treatment to patient coordinate system in the current treatment; and (3) transformation of beams from patient coordinate system in the current treatment to machine coordinate system. The transformation matrices used in the second transformation are determined by registration using a mutual information-based algorithm with which the old and new computed tomography (CT) scan sets are registered automatically without human interpretation. A series of transformation matrices are derived to calculate the isocenter coordinates, the gantry, couch, and collimator angles of the beams for the previous treatment in the current patient geometry, and the previous dose distributions are re-established on the current CT images. The method has been proven to be successful and robust.Medical Dosimetry 02/2004; 29(1):31-41. · 1.00 Impact Factor -
Article: Selective frontal, parietal, and temporal networks in generalized seizures.
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ABSTRACT: Are "generalized" seizures truly generalized? Generalized tonic-clonic seizures are classified as either secondarily generalized with local onset or primarily generalized, without known focal onset. In both types of generalized seizures widespread regions of the nervous system engage in abnormally synchronous and high-frequency neuronal firing. However, emerging evidence suggests that all neurons are not homogeneously involved; specific nodes within the network may be crucial for the propagation and behavioral manifestations of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Study of human tonic-clonic seizures has been limited by problems with patient movement and variable seizure types. To circumvent these problems, we imaged generalized tonic-clonic seizures during electroconvulsive therapy, in which seizure type and timing are well controlled. (99m)Tc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime injections during seizures provide a "snapshot" of cerebral blood flow that can be imaged by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after seizure termination. Here we show that focal regions of frontal and parietal association cortex show the greatest relative signal increases. Involvement of the higher-order association cortex may explain the profound impairment of consciousness seen in generalized seizures. In addition, focal involvement of the dominant temporal lobe was associated with impaired retrograde verbal memory. Similar focal increases were also seen in imaging of spontaneous secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Relative sparing of many brain regions during both spontaneous and induced seizures suggests that specific networks may be more important than others in so-called generalized seizures.NeuroImage 09/2003; 19(4):1556-66. · 5.89 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of Statistical Parametric Mapping and SPECT Difference Imaging in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is an image-analysis tool that assesses the statistical significance of cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes on a voxel-by-voxel basis, thereby removing the subjectivity inherent in conventional region-of-interest (ROI) analysis. Our platform of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ictal–interictal difference imaging in clinical epilepsy has been validated for localizing seizure onset. We extend the tools of SPM by further applying statistical measures for the significance of perfusion changes in individual patients to localize epileptogenic foci in patients with defined temporal lobe epilepsy by using paired scans in this preliminary study.Methods: Twelve patients with pairs of periictal and interictal SPECT scans were analyzed in this comparison study between SPECT difference imaging and SPM difference analysis by using a reference database of paired normal healthy images. These 12 patients possessed seizure foci localized to the mesial temporal lobe as confirmed by surgical outcome and by hippocampal sclerosis on pathology. SPM was used to identify clusters of increased or decreased CBF in each patient in contrast to our control group.Results: The regions having the most significant increased or decreased CBF by SPM analysis were in agreement with regions identified by conventional difference imaging and visual analysis by viewers blinded to the results of the SPM analysis. Differentiated further by time of radiopharmaceutical injection, six of seven patients injected within 100 s of seizure onset displayed hyperperfusion changes localized to the corresponding epileptogenic temporal lobe by both techniques. Among patients receiving injections after 100 s, both techniques showed primarily regions of hypoperfusion, which again were similar between these two methods.Conclusions: The results provide strong evidence supporting SPM difference analysis in assessing regions of significant CBF change from baseline in concordance with our current clinically used technique of SPECT ictal–interictal difference imaging in epilepsy patients. Difference analysis using SPM could serve as a useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of seizure focus in temporal lobe epilepsy.Epilepsia 04/2002; 43(1):68 - 74. · 3.96 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of statistical parametric mapping and SPECT difference imaging in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
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ABSTRACT: Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is an image-analysis tool that assesses the statistical significance of cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes on a voxel-by-voxel basis, thereby removing the subjectivity inherent in conventional region-of-interest (ROI) analysis. Our platform of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ictal-interictal difference imaging in clinical epilepsy has been validated for localizing seizure onset. We extend the tools of SPM by further applying statistical measures for the significance of perfusion changes in individual patients to localize epileptogenic foci in patients with defined temporal lobe epilepsy by using paired scans in this preliminary study. Twelve patients with pairs of periictal and interictal SPECT scans were analyzed in this comparison study between SPECT difference imaging and SPM difference analysis by using a reference database of paired normal healthy images. These 12 patients possessed seizure foci localized to the mesial temporal lobe as confirmed by surgical outcome and by hippocampal sclerosis on pathology. SPM was used to identify clusters of increased or decreased CBF in each patient in contrast to our control group. The regions having the most significant increased or decreased CBF by SPM analysis were in agreement with regions identified by conventional difference imaging and visual analysis by viewers blinded to the results of the SPM analysis. Differentiated further by time of radiopharmaceutical injection, six of seven patients injected within 100 s of seizure onset displayed hyperperfusion changes localized to the corresponding epileptogenic temporal lobe by both techniques. Among patients receiving injections after 100 s, both techniques showed primarily regions of hypoperfusion, which again were similar between these two methods. The results provide strong evidence supporting SPM difference analysis in assessing regions of significant CBF change from baseline in concordance with our current clinically used technique of SPECT ictal--interictal difference imaging in epilepsy patients. Difference analysis using SPM could serve as a useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of seizure focus in temporal lobe epilepsy.Epilepsia 02/2002; 43(1):68-74. · 3.96 Impact Factor -
Article: Reproducibility of serial peri-ictal single-photon emission tomography difference images in epilepsy patients undergoing surgical resection
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ABSTRACT: Peri-ictal single-photon emission tomography (SPET) difference images co-registered to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualize regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes and help localize the epileptogenic area in medically refractory epilepsy. Few reports have examined the reproducibility of SPET difference image results. Epilepsy patients having two peri-ictal and at least one interictal SPET scan who later underwent surgical resection were studied. Localization accuracy of peri-ictal SPET difference images results, interictal electroencephalography (EEG), and ictal EEG from the first (seizure 1) and second (seizure 2) seizure, as well as MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) findings, were compared using surgical resection site as the standard. Thirteen patients underwent surgical resection (11 temporal lobe and 2 extratemporal). SPET results from seizure 1 were localized to the surgical site in 12/13 (92%) patients, while SPET results from seizure 2 were localized in 13/13 (100%) patients. All other modalities were less accurate than the SPET results [interictal EEG – seizure 1 6/13 (46%); ictal EEG – seizure 1 5/13 (38%); interictal intracranial EEG – seizure 2 4/9 (44%); ictal intracranial EEG – seizure 2 results 8/9 (89%); MRI 6/13 (46%); PET 9/13 (69%)].SPET results were reproducible in 12/13 (92%) patients.SPET difference images calculated from two independent peri-ictal scans appear to be reproducible and accurately localize the epileptogenic area. While SPET difference images visualize many areas of rCBF change, the quantification of these results along with consideration of injection time improves the diagnostic interpretation of the results.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 12/1999; 27(1):50-55. · 4.99 Impact Factor -
Article: Selective frontal, parietal, and temporal networks in generalized seizures
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ABSTRACT: Are “generalized” seizures truly generalized? Generalized tonic–clonic seizures are classified as either secondarily generalized with local onset or primarily generalized, without known focal onset. In both types of generalized seizures widespread regions of the nervous system engage in abnormally synchronous and high-frequency neuronal firing. However, emerging evidence suggests that all neurons are not homogeneously involved; specific nodes within the network may be crucial for the propagation and behavioral manifestations of generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Study of human tonic–clonic seizures has been limited by problems with patient movement and variable seizure types. To circumvent these problems, we imaged generalized tonic–clonic seizures during electroconvulsive therapy, in which seizure type and timing are well controlled. 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime injections during seizures provide a “snapshot” of cerebral blood flow that can be imaged by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after seizure termination. Here we show that focal regions of frontal and parietal association cortex show the greatest relative signal increases. Involvement of the higher-order association cortex may explain the profound impairment of consciousness seen in generalized seizures. In addition, focal involvement of the dominant temporal lobe was associated with impaired retrograde verbal memory. Similar focal increases were also seen in imaging of spontaneous secondarily generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Relative sparing of many brain regions during both spontaneous and induced seizures suggests that specific networks may be more important than others in so-called generalized seizures.NeuroImage 19(4):1556-1566. · 5.89 Impact Factor
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