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J. Greiner, W. Bornemann,
C. Clemens,
M. Deuter,
G. Hasinger,
M. Honsberg,
H. Huber,
S. Huber,
M. Krauss,
T. Krühler, [......],
B. Mican,
N. Primak,
F. Schrey,
I. Steiner,
G. Szokoly,
C. C. Thöne,
A. Yoldaş,
S. Klose,
U. Laux,
J. Winkler
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ABSTRACT: We describe the construction of GROND, a 7-channel imager, primarily designed for rapid observations of gamma-ray burst afterglows. It allows simultaneous imaging in the Sloan g'r'i'z' and near-infrared $JHK$ bands. GROND was commissioned at the MPI/ESO 2.2m telescope at La Silla (Chile) in April 2007, and first results of its performance and calibration are presented. Comment: 25 pages, 21 figs, PASP (subm); version with full-resolution figures at http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~jcg/GROND/grond_pasp.pdf
01/2008;
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P. Predehl,
R. Andritschke, W. Bornemann,
H. Bräuninger,
U. Briel,
H. Brunner,
W. Burkert,
K. Dennerl,
J. Eder,
M. Freyberg, [......],
J. Wilms,
M. Erhard,
S. Gutruf,
D. Jugler,
D. Kampf,
R. Graue,
O. Citterio,
G. Valsecci,
D. Vernani,
M. Zimmerman
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ABSTRACT: eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) will be one of three main instruments on the Russian new Spectrum-RG mission which is planned to be launched in 2011. The other two instruments are the wide field X-ray monitor Lobster (Leicester University, UK) and ART-XC (IKI, Russia), an X-ray telescope working at higher energies up to 30 keV. A fourth instrument, a micro-calorimeter built by a Dutch-Japanese-US collaboration is also in discussion. eROSITA is aiming primarily for the detection of 50-100 thousands Clusters of Galaxies up to redshifts z > 1 in order to study the large scale structure in the Universe and to test cosmological models including the Dark Energy. For the detection of clusters, a large effective area is needed at low energies (< 2 keV). Therefore, eROSITA consists of seven Wolter-I telescope modules. Each mirror module contains 54 Wolter-I shells with an outer diameter of 360 mm. In the focus of each mirror module, a framestore pn-CCD with a size of 3cm × 3cm provides a field of view of 1° in diameter. The mission scenario comprises a wide survey of the complete extragalactic area and a deep survey in the neighborhood of the galactic poles. Both are accomplished by an all-sky survey with an appropriate orientation of the rotation axis of the satellite in order to achieve the deepest exposures in the neighborhood of the galactic poles. A critical issue is the cooling of the cameras which need a working temperature of -80°C. This will be achieved passively by a system of two radiators connected to the cameras by variable conductance heat pipes.© (2007) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
09/2007;
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ABSTRACT: A data acquisition system has been developed for the prototype of the Medium Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy (MEGA) telescope. It reads out two different types of detectors: The first type, called tracker, is a stack of Silicon strip detectors. The second is a calorimeter consisting of CsI(Tl) bars coupled to Silicon PIN-photodiode arrays. Analyzable photon interactions in the detectors cause either coincident events in both detector types or hits in multiple subsequent strip detectors. Once such a pattern is detected, all channels of both detector types are read out. This leads to data from 11328 channels, which is reduced to the channels containing interactions and written to the computer hard disk. The whole system is designed around the front-end chip TA1, which is used for both types of detectors. It is a charge sensitive device including discriminators for trigger generation. The triggers from all chips are evaluated by our coincidence electronics, a self-made VME-bus card. Nearly all logic of this card is implemented in a programmable logic device. An additional RAM forms a lookup table for trigger patterns that should start the readout of the whole detector. Commercially available VME modules perform the analog to digital conversion and generate the readout sequence. A single-board computer takes care of the instrument control, the data reduction and storage, collects housekeeping data etc. Its software is written in C++, so that a high modularity and several abstraction layers can he achieved easily. The system showed stable operation over several weeks during laboratory measurements as well as during beam tests.
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2003 IEEE; 11/2003
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L. Strüder,
U. Briel,
K. Dennerl,
R. Hartmann,
E. Kendziorra,
N. Meidinger,
E. Pfeffermann,
C. Reppin,
B. Aschenbach, W. Bornemann, [......],
M Turner,
M. Balasini,
G. F. Bignami,
N. La Palombara,
G Villa,
W. Buttler,
F. Gianini,
R. Lainé,
D. Lumb,
P. Dhez
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ABSTRACT: The European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) consortium has provided the focal plane instruments for the three X-ray mirror systems on XMM-Newton. Two cameras with a reflecting grating spectrometer in the optical path are equipped with MOS type CCDs as focal plane detectors (Turner [CITE]), the telescope with the full photon flux operates the novel pn-CCD as an imaging X-ray spectrometer. The pn-CCD camera system was developed under the leadership of the Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Garching. The concept of the pn-CCD is described as well as the different operational modes of the camera system. The electrical, mechanical and thermal design of the focal plane and camera is briefly treated. The in-orbit performance is described in terms of energy resolution, quantum efficiency, time resolution, long term stability and charged particle background. Special emphasis is given to the radiation hardening of the devices and the measured and expected degradation due to radiation damage of ionizing particles in the first 9 months of in orbit operation.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20000066.
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P. Predehl,
R. Andritschke,
H. Böhringer, W. Bornemann,
H. Bräuninger,
H Brunner,
M. Brusa,
W. Burkert,
V. Burwitz,
N. Cappelluti, [......],
R. Schreib,
F. Schrey,
A. Schwope,
M. Steinmetz,
L. Strüder,
R. Sunyaev,
C. Tenzer,
L. Tiedemann,
M. Vongehr,
J. Wilms
Proceedings of the SPIE, v.7732 (2010).
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P. Predehl,
R. Andritschke, W. Bornemann,
H. Bräuninger,
U. Briel,
H Brunner,
W. Burkert,
K. Dennerl,
J. Eder,
M. Freyberg, [......],
J. Wilms,
M. Erhard,
S. Gutruf,
D. Jugler,
D. Kampf,
R. Graue,
O. Citterio,
G. Valsecci,
D. Vernani,
M. Zimmermann
Siegmund, O.H.W.: UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XV, SPIE, 668617-1-668617-9 (2007).
