Gladys Ramirez

Publications (2)9.94 Total impact

• Article: Viscerotropic disease following yellow fever vaccination in Peru.

  Alvaro Whittembury, Gladys Ramirez, Herminio Hernández, Alba Maria Ropero, Steve Waterman, María Ticona, Margo Brinton, Jorge Uchuya, Mark Gershman, Washington Toledo, Erin Staples, Clarense Campos, Mario Martínez, Gwong-Jen J Chang, Cesar Cabezas, Robert Lanciotti, Sherif Zaki, Joel M Montgomery, Thomas Monath, Edward Hayes
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  ABSTRACT: Five suspected cases of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) clustered in space and time following a vaccination campaign in Ica, Peru in 2007. All five people received the same lot of 17DD live attenuated yellow fever vaccine before their illness; four of the five died of confirmed YEL-AVD. The surviving case was classified as probable YEL-AVD. Intensive investigation yielded no abnormalities of the implicated vaccine lot and no common risk factors. This is the first described space-time cluster of yellow fever viscerotropic disease involving more than two cases. Mass yellow fever vaccination should be avoided in areas that present extremely low risk of yellow fever.
  Vaccine 09/2009; 27(43):5974-81. · 3.77 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: PubMed Central

  Article: Enzootic transmission of yellow fever virus in Peru.

  Julie Bryant, Heiman Wang, Cesar Cabezas, Gladys Ramirez, Douglas Watts, Kevin Russell, Alan Barrett
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  ABSTRACT: The prevailing paradigm of yellow fever virus (YFV) ecology in South America is that of wandering epizootics. The virus is believed to move from place to place in epizootic waves involving monkeys and mosquitoes, rather than persistently circulating within particular locales. After a large outbreak of YFV illness in Peru in 1995, we used phylogenetic analyses of virus isolates to reexamine the hypothesis of virus movement. We sequenced a 670-nucleotide fragment of the prM/E gene region from 25 Peruvian YFV samples collected from 1977 to 1999, and delineated six clades representing the states (Departments) of Puno, Pasco, Junin, Ayacucho, San Martin/Huanuco, and Cusco. The concurrent appearance of at least four variants during the 1995 epidemic and the genetic stability of separate virus lineages over time indicate that Peruvian YFV is locally maintained and circulates continuously in discrete foci of enzootic transmission.
  Emerging infectious diseases 09/2003; 9(8):926-33. · 6.17 Impact Factor