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ABSTRACT: The present study characterized the distribution, sources as well as carcinogenic potency of PAHs in surface soil from metropolitan region of northern China. The total PAHs in topsoil ranged from 322.6 to 23244.7 microg kg(-1). The mean and median concentrations of 16 PAHs were 1040.8 and 626.7 microg kg(-1), respectively. Source analysis revealed that pyrogenic sources played a major role at the locations and pyrogenic PAHs were mainly from incomplete combustion of coal, biomass and petroleum. The calculated mean BaP-equivalent values for individual carcinogenic PAHs were 148.4 microg kg(-1).
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 08/2010; 85(2):190-4. · 1.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Copper toxicity in 17 Chinese soils was screened using a substrate-induced nitrification assay to generate information for the development of a terrestrial biotic ligand model (tBLM). The leaching effect on the Cu toxicity thresholds was investigated. Both the total Cu-based median effective concentration (EC50) values (46.9-2726 mg/kg) and the solution Cu-based EC50 values (0.04-2.91 mg/L) in unleached soils varied substantially among the soils in the present study. For unleached soils, linear stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that total Ca and soil pH were the best predictors for total Cu-based EC50, while electrical conductivity (EC) and soil pH were the best predictors for solution Cu-based EC50. The variation in solution Cu-based EC50 was largely (R(2) = 0.75) explained by Mg but not Ca and H(+) concentration in soil solution at EC50, suggesting a protective effect of Mg(2+) against Cu toxicity in the test soils. Leaching impacted Cu toxicity differently among the soils and apparently reduced the variations of both the total Cu-based and the solution Cu-based EC50. The predictability of the Cu EC50 by empirical models was decreased after leaching. The leaching effect on Cu toxicity, indicated by a leaching factor, was not predicted by any soil properties. There is a need to investigate quantitatively the mechanisms for the leaching effect on Cu toxicity in soils.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 02/2010; 29(2):294-300. · 2.81 Impact Factor
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Journal of Plant Nutrition. 01/2008; 31(1):43-54.
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ABSTRACT: Cd is a very toxic chemical to animal and human beings. Cd contamination has been ubiquitous because of industry and the human activities. Cd not only affects adversely the growth, yield and quality of crops but also effects on the health of animal and human being. The damage of Cd on bone, kidney, liver, immune and procreation systems as well possible factors that influence Cd absorption, accumulation and damage in the body are summarized in this paper.
Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research 10/2006; 35(5):656-9.
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ABSTRACT: The effects of two lignins isolated from black liquor from pulping process on nitrification in soils after addition of urea, (NH4)2SO4 and (NH4)2HPO4 were investigated by incubation at 20 or 30 degrees C for 7 or 14 d. The effects of lignin on nitrous oxide emissions from soil were also determined. Results showed that both lignins were more effective for inhibiting nitrification of NH4(+)-N as (NH4)2SO4 or (NH4)2HPO4 as compared to urea-N. The effectiveness of lignin on nitrification was markedly affected by different soil type and temperature. Nitrous oxide emissions from soil declined when lignin was used. Urea plus 20 and 50 g/kg lignin reduced N2O emissions by about 83% and 96%. respectively, while (NH4)2HPO4 plus 20 and 50 g/kg lignin respectively reduced emissions by 83% and 93%. Because of its low cost and nonhazardous characteristics, lignin has potential value as a fertilizer amendment to improve N fertilizer efficiency.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 06/2003; 15(3):363-6. · 1.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Effects of elevated O3 on the yields of rice and winter wheat were studied by using open-top chambers (OTCs). Results showed that compared to the control treatment, 200 ppb, 100 ppb, 50 ppb treatments caused a 80.4%, 58.6% and 10.5% decrease in grain yields per winter wheat plant and a 49.1%, 26.1% and 8.2% decrease in grain yield per rice plant, respectively. According to the dose-response relation educed from OTCs experiment and the monitor data of O3 concentrations in spots, it was estimated that the yield losses of rice and winter wheat resulted by O3 pollution in the Yangtze River Delta region in 1999 were 0.599 million ton and 0.669 million ton, economic losses were 0.539 billion RMB Yuan and 0.936 billion RMB Yuan, respectively.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 06/2003; 15(3):360-2. · 1.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: South China has become the third largest region associated with acid deposition following Europe and North America, the area subject to damage by acid deposition increased from 1.75 million km2 in 1985 to 2.8 million km2 in 1993. Acid deposition has caused serious damage to ecosystem. Combined pollution of acid rain and SO2 showed the obvious multiple effects on crops. Vegetable was more sensitive to acid deposition than foodstuff crops. Annual economic loss of crops due to acid deposition damage in eleven provinces of south China was 4.26 billion RMB Yuan. Acid deposition caused serious damage to forest. Annual economic loss of wood volume was about 1.8 billion RMB Yuan and forest ecological benefit loss 16.2 billion in eleven provinces of south China. Acid deposition in south China was typical "sulfuric acid type". According to the thoughts of sustainable development, some strategies were brought forward as follows: (1) enhancing environmental management, specifying acid-controlling region, controlling and abating the total emission amount of SO2; (2) selecting practical energy technologies of clean coal, for example, cleansing and selecting coal, sulfur-fixed-type industrial briqutting, abating sulfur from waste gas and so on; (3) developing other energy sources to replace coal, including water electricity, atomic energy and the new energy such as solar energy, wind energy and so on; (4) in acid deposition region of south China, selecting acid-resistant type of crop and tree to decrease agricultural losses, planting more green fertilizer crops, using organic fertilizers and liming, in order to improve buffer capacities of soil.
Journal of Environmental Sciences 05/2002; 14(2):227-33. · 1.66 Impact Factor
