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ABSTRACT: After finding tonsil-like structures near the entrance of vagina of a laboratory shrew (Suncus murinus), which we subsequently designated as vaginal tonsils, we performed detailed immunohistochemical and developmental studies. The location of T and B cells in the vaginal tonsils differed from that in the palatine tonsils or that in the lymphoid nodes of other animals. The boundary between the germinal center region and the region encompassing follicular interfollicular tissue was not clear. B cells were widely distributed and very dense in the parenchyma, but they were scattered in the epithelial area (B cells were present in around 90% of the vaginal tonsil tissue). In contrast, T cells were scattered in the parenchyma and in the epithelial area (T cells were present in around 10% of the vaginal tonsil tissue). B cells were more prominent than T cells throughout the development of these structures and the epithelium was invaded by many immigrating cells. The size of the vaginal tonsils changed during postnatal development. Vaginal tonsils are structurally similar to other tonsils, and they may function to protect the vagina from infection.
Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 01/2013; 89(4):105-12.
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Takaaki Kaneko,
Kan Shimpo,
Takeshi Chihara,
Hidehiko Beppu,
Akiko Tomatsu, Masanori Shinzato,
Takamasa Yanagida,
Tsutomu Ieike,
Shigeru Sonoda,
Akihiko Futamura,
Akihiro Ito,
Takashi Higashiguchi
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ABSTRACT: High temperature- and pressure-treated garlic (HTPG) has been shown to have enhanced antioxidative activity and polyphenol contents. Previously, we reported that HTPG inhibited 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced mucin depleted foci (premalignant lesions) and O6-methylguanine DNA adduct formation in the rat colorectum. In the present study, we investigated the modifying effects of HTPG on N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)- induced pyloric stomach and small intestinal carcinogenesis in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were given ENNG (100 mg/l) in drinking water for the first 4 weeks, then a basal diet or diet containing 2% or 5% HTPG for 30 weeks. The incidence and multiplicity of pyloric stomach and small intestinal (duodenal and jejunal) tumors in the 2% HTPG group (but not in the 5% HTPG group) were significantly lower than those in the control group. Cell proliferation of normal-appearing duodenal mucosa was assessed by MIB-5 immunohistochemistry and shown to be significantly lower with 2% HTPG (but again not 5% HTPG) than in controls. These results in dicate that HTPG, at 2% in the diet, inhibited ENNG-induced pyloric stomach and small intestinal (especially duodenal) tumorigenesis in mice, associated with suppression of cell proliferation.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP 01/2012; 13(5):1983-8. · 0.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We investigated the distribution of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and S-100 protein-immunoreactive dendritic-like in the anal tonsil of the laboratory shrew, Suncus murinus. In adult animals, T lymphocytes were located mainly at the periphery of the anal tonsil, especially around small blood vessels. B lymphocytes were located in the central and subepithelial region of the anal tonsil, which includes primary lymphoid follicles, and in which there are small numbers of scattered T lymphocytes. B and T lymphocytes were distributed over 72.7 and 27.3% of the tonsillar area, respectively. However, their areas of distribution were not clearly distinguished. The areas containing B lymphocytes were enriched in S-100 protein antibody-immunoreactive cells, which exhibited a dendritic shape. These S-100-positive cells appeared to be identical to the follicular dendritic cells (FDC) seen in the follicles of lymphoid organs. These results suggest that the anal tonsils constitute one of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), and that a function of the anal tonsil includes the capture of intruding antigens that would generate protective antibody responses. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Microscopy Research and Technique 11/2010; · 1.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The present study shows that Langerhans cells can be differentiated from Interdigitating cells at the light microscopic level. Superficial lymph nodes and skin taken from necropsies and the lymph nodes of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy (DPL) were used for this experiment. Sections of lymph node and skin were embedded using the acetone, methyl benzoate and xylene (AMeX) method and dendritic cells were immunostained with anti S-100 protein antibody (S-100, and OKT-6 (CD1a) using the restaining method. Langerhans cells in the skin were positive for both CD1a and S-100. Dendritic cells positive for both CD1a and S-100, and dendritic cells positive for S-100, but not for CD1a were observed in superficial lymph nodes. In normal superficial lymph nodes, there were more interdigitating cells than Langerhans cells. The majority of the dendritic cells in the DPL were Langerhans cells. We conclude that the S-100 and CD1a positive cells are Langerhans cells, and the S-100 positive-CD1a negative cells are interdigitating cells.
07/2009; 70(3):114-118.
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ABSTRACT: We studied the role of osteopontin (OPN) in host responses against rotavirus (RV) infection. OPN knockout (OPN-KO) suckling mice were more susceptible to RV (strain EW) infection and showed prolonged diarrhea duration compared to wild-type (WT) suckling mice. OPN in the small intestine of WT mice was expressed after 48 h post-infection. On day 2 postinfection, mRNA levels of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-15 in OPN-KO mice were lower than in WT mice, although mRNA expression of Th-1- and Th-2-related cytokines in the small intestine were nearly the same between OPN-KO and WT mice. These results suggested that OPN is involved in innate responses against RV infection.
Viral immunology 05/2009; 22(2):139-44. · 1.78 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A 73-year-old man who had been undergoing chronic haemodialysis (CHD) for 3 years developed haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) that might have been triggered by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. the patient finally died of miliary tuberculosis (TB) reactivation that promoted the progression of HPS. Immunological abnormalities in patients undergoing CHD may be notable. the early diagnosis of TB reactivation may be important for reducing the mortality in cases of HPS, as a high incidence of TB is encountered in patients undergoing CHD. In contrast, the simultaneous occurrence of an EBER-positive hybridization signal with T cell-specific immunolabelling of CD45RO cells was well detected in the spleen and lymph nodes, and interferon gamma was elevated in the serum. These findings coincide with the reported preferential expansion of T cells rather than B cells in EBV infection, and support the hypothesis that systemic hypercytokinaemia caused by the proliferation of EBV-infected T cells may play a crucial role in the development of HPS.
Nephrology 06/2008; 7(2):61 - 65. · 1.31 Impact Factor
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Yoshimasa Maeno,
Shusuke Nakazawa,
Naoki Yamamoto, Masanori Shinzato,
Shigeo Nagashima,
Kumiko Tanaka,
Jun Sasaki,
Susan R Rittling,
David T Denhardt,
Toshimitsu Uede,
Koki Taniguchi
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ABSTRACT: Osteopontin (OPN) knockout mice (OPN-KO mice) died of Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi infection, although wild-type (WT) mice had self-limiting infections. OPN was detected in the WT mice at 2 days postinfection. OPN-KO mice produced significantly smaller amounts of interleukin-12 and gamma interferon than WT mice produced. These results suggested that OPN is involved in Th1-mediated immunity against malaria infection.
Infection and Immunity 05/2006; 74(4):2423-7. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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International Journal of Dermatology 07/2004; 43(6):451-3. · 1.14 Impact Factor
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Dermatology 02/2004; 208(2):183-4. · 2.05 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Approximately 30 cases of carcinoid tumor of the kidney have been reported in the English literature, including three cases found as components of teratomas. Renal composite tumors associated with somatostatinoma have not been described. A 53-year-old female presented with an incidentally found right renal cystic lesion. Computed tomography demonstrated a cystic lesion associated with a solid nodule in the right kidney and postcontrast dynamic MRI revealed enhancement of the solid nodule. The patient underwent radical nephrectomy for the kidney lesion and is now well without recurrence 21 months after the operation. From the histopathological findings we diagnosed the cystic lesion as a composite tumor composed of mucinous cystadenoma and carcinoid tumor. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the majority of cells of in carcinoid portion to be positive for antisomatostatin staining. The present case is the first documented composite tumor of mucinous cystadenoma and somatostatinoma of the kidney.
International Journal of Urology 12/2003; 10(11):603-6. · 1.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Abstract Approximately 30 cases of carcinoid tumor of the kidney have been reported in the English literature, including three cases found as components of teratomas. Renal composite tumors associated with somatostatinoma have not been described. A 53-year-old female presented with an incidentally found right renal cystic lesion. Computed tomography demonstrated a cystic lesion associated with a solid nodule in the right kidney and postcontrast dynamic MRI revealed enhancement of the solid nodule. The patient underwent radical nephrectomy for the kidney lesion and is now well without recurrence 21 months after the operation. From the histopathological findings we diagnosed the cystic lesion as a composite tumor composed of mucinous cystadenoma and carcinoid tumor. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the majority of cells of in carcinoid portion to be positive for antisomatostatin staining. The present case is the first documented composite tumor of mucinous cystadenoma and somatostatinoma of the kidney.
International Journal of Urology 10/2003; 10(11):603 - 606. · 1.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The mouse visceral yolk sac (VYS) is widely known to play an important role as erythropoietic tissue during embryonic periods. Mouse VYS from embryonic days 9 to 12 was examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy and histochemical analysis with benzidine to detect the presence of hemoglobin with special reference to the development of VYS, the disappearance of the blood islands in VYS, and the appearance of a novel structure in the form of erythrocyte-like globules in VYS endodermal cells. The villous appearance of VYS became complicated by the development of VYS endodermal cells. The blood islands positive for the benzidine reaction were light microscopically detected on embryonic days 9, 10, and 11. They disappeared on embryonic day 12, however. Erythrocyte-like globules positive for the benzidine reaction were not observed in VYS endodermal cells on embryonic days 9, 10, and 11, but then appeared on embryonic day 12, by light and electron microscopy. Erythrocyte-like globules in VYS endodermal cells, which appear after the disappearance of blood islands in VYS, may participate in erythropoiesis during embryonic development.
Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 07/2003; 185(3):201-5. · 1.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Generally, Langerhans cells deliver antigen information from the skin to the draining lymph nodes via lymph vessels.
By immunohistopathology, we investigated the delivery route of Langerhans cells in human skin using CD1a and S-100 protein antibodies.
We noted CD1a- and S-100-positive Langerhans cells in the lymph vessels of the dermis. These were shaped like dendritic cells and presented with some lymphocytes, melanophages, melanin granules and lymph in the same vessels.
These observations support the concept that Langerhans cells deliver antigen peptides to regional lymph nodes via afferent lymph vessels.
Dermatology 02/2003; 206(3):222-4. · 2.05 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Hematological studies have revealed the importance of the visceral yolk sac (VYS) in the primitive erythropoiesis of mouse embryos at an early stage before day 12. We examined the possibility of the occurrence of extra-embryonic erythropoiesis at a stage later than embryonic day 12 by light and electron microscopic analyses. Surprisingly, a novel structure in the form of erythrocyte-like globules was observed in the VYS endodermal cells. They were consistently present in the VYS endodermal cells from embryonic day 12 until day 18 (birth is day 19), by immunocytochemical and enzyme histochemical analyses. They were immuno-positive for mouse erythrocyte antibody and also positive for the benzidine reaction showing the presence of hemoglobin. The erythrocyte-like globules were shown to be the erythrocytes present in the cytoplasm. These results indicated that erythropoiesis in the VYS endodermal cells continues from the early embryonic stage, as primitive erythropoiesis, until the late stage.
Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 10/2002; 184(5):425-9. · 1.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We examined the modifying effects of heated garlic (Allium sativum L.) on N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)-induced duodenal and jejunal carcinogenesis in mice. Heated garlic powder used in this study was prepared as follows: unpeeled garlic bulbs were blanched in boiling water for 6 min, and then peeled, the cloves being crushed, homogenized, and finally freeze-dried. The garlic powder had almost undetectable alliinase activity and was rich in alliin (the main sulfur compound of heated garlic; 22.1 &mgr;/g dry weight). Male C57BL/6 mice were given ENNG (100 &mgr;/l) in drinking water for the first 4 weeks, and then basal diet (Group 1), or 10% (Group 2), 3% (Group 3) or 1% (Group 4) heated garlic in the diet for 30 weeks. At the termination of the experiment, the incidences of duodenal tumors in Groups 1-3 were significantly lower than those in Group 1, and the multiplicities in Group 2 were significantly lower than those in Group 1. Additionally, the incidences and/or multiplicities of the jejunal tumors in Groups 2 and 4 were also significantly lower than those in Group 1. In this study, we also examined changes in erythrocyte polyamine levels. Values for Group 1 were significantly greater than those in the control group, and this elevation in Group 1 were significantly inhibited by dietary heated garlic (10% in the diet; Group 2). These results indicated that the post-initiation-stage feeding of heated garlic, especially at 10% in the diet, inhibits ENNG-induced duodenal and jejunal carcinogenesis in mice.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP 01/2002; 3(4):339-344. · 0.66 Impact Factor
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Kan Shimpo,
Takeshi Chikako, Masanori Shinzato,
Hidehiko Beppu,
Takaaki Kaneko,
Chikako Ida,
Kaoru Kawai,
Iwao Hirono,
Mikihiro Shamoto,
Toshiharu Nagatsu,
Hiroshi Kuzuya
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ABSTRACT: We examined the modifying effects of freeze-dried whole-leaf Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger (designated as 'ALOE') on N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)-induced duodenal tumorigenesis in C57BL/6 mice. Experiment 1: Male mice were given ENNG in drinking water for the first 4 weeks, and then 10% ALOE in basal diet for 16 weeks. Experiment 2: Female mice were given ENNG for 5 weeks, and then 5%, 1% or 0.2% ALOE in the diet were given for 15 weeks. In Experiment 1, the tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity (tumors per mouse) of the duodenum in the ENNG + 10% ALOE group were significantly decreased compared with that in the ENNG alone group. Erythrocyte polyamine levels in the ENNG + 10% ALOE group were also significantly decreased. In Experiment 2, the incidence of duodenal tumors in the ENNG + 5% ALOE group were significantly decreased compared with that in the ENNG alone group. These results indicated that ALOE, especially at 10% in the diet, inhibits ENNG-induced duodenal tumorigenesis in mice.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP 02/2000; 1(4):283-288. · 0.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: It is well known that avian yolk sac is involved in both primitive and definitive erythropoiesis during embryonic development. Definitive erythropoiesis is first detected at about 4-5 days incubation and its maximum activity is reached between day 10 and 15 of incubation, ending between days 18 and 20 of incubation. We confirmed the definitive erythropoietic foci in the chicken yolk sac throughout the 5th to 19th day of incubation by histochemical light and electron microscopy. The definitive erythropoietic foci were observed in the yolk sac endodermal layer from day 5 until day 19, just before hatching. Ultrastructurally, definitive erythropoietic foci were observed extravascularly in the yolk sac endodermal cell layer in direct contact with the vitellolysis zone. These findings provide a basis for clarifying definitive erythropoiesis in vertebrates.
Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia 113(1):9-16.
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ABSTRACT: We examined the modifying effect of freeze-dried whole-leaf Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger (Kidachi aloe in Japan; designated as 'ALOE') on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced intestinal carcinogenesis in rats. Male F344 rats (4 weeks old) were fed basal diet or experimental diet containing 0.2% or 1% ALOE for 28 weeks. Starting two weeks later, the animals received subcutaneous injections of AOM once weekly for 10 weeks. The incidence of colorectal adenocarcinomas in the 0.2% (but not 1%) ALOE group showed a strong tendency for decrease (p = 0.056) from the control group. Further, the adenocarcinoma incidence in the entire intestine (small and large intestines) in the 0.2% ALOE group was significantly (p = 0.024) decreased compared to the control value. However, there were no significant differences in tumor multiplicities of colorectal or entire intestines among the 3 groups. In addition, we also studied the safety of long-term ingestion of ALOE as a health food or natural thickening stabilizer. Rats were fed the basal diet or 1% ALOE diet for 35 weeks without AOM treatment. Feeding with 1% ALOE did not affect most hematological and serum biochemical parameters in the rats. These results indicate that a low level of ALOE ingestion might have a mild suppressive effect on intestinal tumor growth without harmful side effects.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP 7(4):585-90. · 0.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Light and electron microscopic examination of first-trimester and term human placental tissues were performed to identify erythrocytes containing hemoglobin in the villous trophoblast cell layer. Erythrocytes were not identified in chorionic villous epithelium at week 7 of gestation. These cells first appeared in the villous cytotrophoblast at week 8, and continued to be present in the villous cytotrophoblast until week 9, as shown by benzidine staining. At week 12 gestation, a cluster of erythrocytes was present in a villous syncytial sprout. At 40 and 41 weeks gestation, erythrocytes were located in the villous cytotrophoblast cell layer. Electron microscopic observations focused on the cytoplasm of villous cytotrophoblast at week 8, the syncytial sprout at week 12 and the cytotrophoblast cell layer at term, confirmed the presence of erythrocytes at an extravascular location, as observed by light microscopy.
Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia 112(3):191-8.
