-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To compare the quality of red ginseng in different transplanting systems, and thus provide the basis for ginseng cultivation and processing.
Based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and literature relating to red ginseng, the ten ginsenosides, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, volatile oil, ether extract and total protein of red ginseng in different transplanting systems were studied or determined.
The content of total ash and acid-insoluble ash in red ginseng was less than 5.0%, 0.3%, respectively. The content of three ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1) was in accordance with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia version 2010, and the content of ten ginsenosides was significant different.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 01/2013; 38(1):40-4.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To established the rapid tissue propagation system of Epimedium wushanense, in order to provide theoretical basis for industrialized seed cultivation.
Tiller buds E. wushanense were used as explants, with MS, B5, WPM as basic media, and added with different concentrations of plant growth regulators such as 6-BA, NAA and GA3, in order to conduct a systematic study on induction and propagation conditions for tiller buds.
The suitable method for sterilizing bud was to disinfect with 75% ethanol for 30 s, and then treated with 0.1% HgCl2 for (4 + 2) min for consecutively twice, which could control the pollution rate below 5% and the survival rate above 75%. The optimal medium for bud induction was WPM + 6-BA 2.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.1 mg x L(-1) + GA3 0.5 mg x L(-1), with the induction rate of 75.5%; meanwhile, the basic medium and 6-BA showed significant effect on the induction rate. The propagation medium suitable for buds was MS +6-BA 2.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.5 mg x L(-1), with the propagation rate of 3.3. The optimal growth of rooting medium was 1/2 WPM + IBA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + activated carbon which (0.05%), with the rooting rate of 90%, three to six strong seedlings in each plant.
The disinfection method suitable for tiller buds and the medium combination suitable for induction, propagation and rooting of adventitious buds are screened out to establish the rapid cultivation system for tiller buds of E. wushanense.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 12/2012; 37(24):3723-7.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To compare botanical characteristics of cultivated Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hangju' of different origins in order to provide the basis for introduction and cultivation of Ch. morifolium cv. 'Hangju'.
The characteristics of plants, leaves and capitulum of Ch. morifolium cv. 'Hangju' were measured, and the obtained data were analyzed and compared.
The range of plant height was 60.87-99.47 cm, number of branches 2.76-5.20, leave length 4.90-8.40 cm, leave width 3.25-5.38 cm, aspect ratio of leave 1.35-1.83, number of leave split 1.92-3.08. Numbers of capitulum were 21.92-53.12, diameter of capitulum 3.41-5.48 cm, lays of ray florets 3.28-7.16, number of ray florets 55.32-114.60, ray florets length 1.58-2.37 cm, ray florets width 0.50-0.69 cm, aspect ratio of ray florets 2.90-3.99, diameter of tubular flower 1.10-1.58 cm.
The botanical characteristics of cultivated Ch. morifolium cv. 'Hangju' were distinguished from different origins. With the cultivation environment change, the botanical characteristics of the cultivars are changed.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 12/2012; 37(23):3536-9.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Current study was conducted to investigate and compare the impact of temperature and pH on the activities of amylase, protease and lipase in alimentary tract of Whitmania pigra.
The responses of amylase, protease, and lipase activities were determined over a wide range of temperatures (7-52 degrees C) and pH gradient (2.2-11.2).
The highest lipase activity was found under 37 degrees C, pH 8.2, and the highest amylase activity was detected under 37 degrees C, pH 5.2, while protease activity peaked at 42 degrees C, pH 3.2 or pH 9.2.
The optimal temperature in alimentary tract of Wh. pigra for lipase and amylase was 37 degrees C, and the responding temperature for protease was 42 degrees C. The optimal pH value in alimentary tract of Wh. pigra for lipase and amylase was pH 8.2 and pH 5.2, respectively. While pH 3.2 or 9.2 seems to be both favorable for high protease activity.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 09/2012; 37(17):2538-41.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A sensitive, accurate and reliable reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method coupled with DAD (278nm) was established
for simultaneous quantification of six compounds in 20 cultivars of Flos Chrysanthemi. The method was carried out by using a Kromasil 100-5 C18 column with methanol–acetonitrile—1.414×10−2molL−1 aqueous phosphoric acid as a gradient mobile phase. The contents of the six flavonoid glycosides in Flos Chrysanthemi could
be determined within 120min. The linear calibration ranges for these were 0.42–126.00, 11.44–220.00, 0.53–530.00, 4.80–195.00,
11.00–220.00, and 0.12–200.00μgmL−1. Their recoveries were 95.33–105.33% with RSDs from 0.10 to 2.00%. Their lower limits of quantification were 0.420, 1.144,
0.250, 0.480, 0.242, and 0.120μgmL–1. The method can be used for analysis of the six flavonoid glycosides in Flos Chrysanthemi.
Chromatographia 05/2012; 70(1):109-116. · 1.20 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Thesium chinense (Santalaceae) is an obligate root hemiparasite and the whole weed serves as a traditional medicine in China. This paper examined
chlorophyll (Chl) concentration, transpiration (E), photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (g), respiration nighttime (Rd), water use efficiency (WUE), and mineral elements of T. chinense grown with different hosts or without host. The results showed that Chl concentrations, Pn, Pnmax, and WUE of T. chinense grown with host were significantly higher, approximately 1.5–3 folds, than that grown without host. E and g value of T. chinense greatly exceeded that of their hosts during the daytime—they increased about 1.5–3.5 folds (except of Gnaphlium affine) and 1.2–3.0 folds, respectively, while maintaining little higher or equal to their host during night but very much lower
than daytime. The WUE value of T. chinense was generally much less than that of their hosts, except Eremochloa ophiuroides. T. chinense grown with hosts had higher concentration of K, P, Cu and K/Ca ratio, and lower Na concentration compared with that without
host plants. There were also differences among different host species backgrounds on all examined parameters of T. chinense. We pointed out that Imperata cylindrica, Prunella vulgaris, and Gnaphlium affine were more suitable hosts than E. ophiuroides. As an additional result T. chinense can mostly be independent as for C supply.
Keywords
Thesium chinense
-Hemiparasite-Transpiration-Photosynthesis-Water use efficiency-Mineral elements
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 04/2012; 32(6):1093-1102. · 1.64 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Thesium chinense is a root hemiparasite and the whole weed serves as a traditional medicine in China. The resource of T. chinense is sharply declining, due to unsustainable exploitation and environmental destruction. At the same time, the obligate hemiparasitic nature and the relationship of the T. chinense-host association are not well understood. In order to protect and cultivate T. chinense, we aimed to find a superior host for T. chinense by studying the effect of different hosts (eight host species and without host) on the growth, chlorophyll and nutrient content of pot-cultured T. chinense. The results showed that the presence of a host species significantly promoted the growth of T. chinense but considerable differences existed among different host species. Imperata cylindrica, Prunella vulgaris, Chrysanthermum indicum were more efficient in promoting the growth of T. chinense than the other hosts. Thesium chinense chlorophyll (chl) concentration and chl a:chl b ratio increased significantly when grown with a host. Asp and Glu were the most common amino acids in T. chinense. Dry weight of T. chinense per plant was significantly positively correlated to the concentration of Pro (r=0.870, p<0.01), but significantly negatively correlated to the concentration of Gly (r=−0.688, p<0.01). Thesium chinense grown with a host had a high concentration of K, P, Cu and K/Ca ratio and a low Na concentration compared with those without host plants. Dry weight of T. chinense per plant was significantly positively correlated to the concentration of K. It is concluded that Imperata cylindrica, Prunella vulgaris, Chrysanthermum indicum are superior hosts for T. chinense.
Nordic Journal of Botany 09/2010; 28(5):632 - 640. · 0.55 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Botanical character of different cultivated types medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium were observed and compared, which can offer reference for its genetic diversity research and breeding.
Based on the random blocks field experiments design, the main character of leaf and capitulum of medicinal C. morifolium were observed, it was studied on that the botanical character of different cultivated types medicinal C. mortfolium in China were comparatively study with statistical means.
There are some different of botanical character among different cultivated types medicinal C. morifolium in China, which can be divided into 7 colonies according as its diversity of the botanical and morphological character. The sawtooth number of lamina, leafstalk length and leaf division number are the important laminae morphologic character of different types medicinal C. morifolium, which are relative independent characters.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 01/2009; 33(24):2891-5.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study the effects of various planting densities on dynamic growth and root yield of Isatis indigotica.
The planting samples were collected to measure the growth period of each organ.
Under different planting densities, both main root length and breadth exhibited a trend of "fast-slow" by stages. However, the number of individual plant leaves were showed a trend of "slow-fast" on growth period. Meanwhile, the leaf length and breadth were exhibited a trend of "increase-decrease". The increase of dry leaf, dry root and whole plant dry matter was faster during the period of 65-76 days after seeding. The differences of root and leaf yields under various densities were significant. Planting densities has a great effect on yield of root. It must be shown that there was a positive development between the individual plant and colony. According to the dry matter of root and leaf, treatment B (i.e., 7 cm x 25 cm) was good choice.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 12/2008; 33(22):2599-602.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To analyze the chemical components of the essential oil extracted from six cultivars' Juhua (Zaogongju, Wangongju, Huangyaoju, Chuju, Xiaoboju and Daboju) produced in Anhui province of China, which were breed from Chrysanthemum morifolium, and to provide scientific basis for quality control.
The essential oils of the six cultivars'Juhua were extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by GC capillary column chromatography. The components were quantitatively determined with normalization method, and identified by GC-MS.
From Zaogongju, Wangongju, Huangyaoju, Chuju, Xiaoboju and Daboju, 247, 226, 246, 182, 216 and 122 chromatographic peaks were detected, among them 75, 54, 78, 50, 53 and 43 components were identified,which were composed of 85.67%, 82.80%, 81.38%, 73.22%, 71.51% and 72.87% of the total essential oil, respectively.
Monoterpenoid compounds were higher more than sesquiterpenoid compounds in the five juhua except for Chuju. There was no difference in the constituents of essential oil of Zaogongju and Wangongju. And verbenyl acetate was the main chemical constituent and composed of 32.10% and 37.85% of the total essential oil, respectively. (1R)-Camphor and bisabolol oxide A were the main chemical constituents in Huangyaoju, which were composed of 28.70% and 12.58% of the total essential oil, respectively. beta-Selinene and borneol were the main chemical constituents in Chuju, which were composed of 17.85% and 12.84% of the total essential oil, respectively. Eucalyptol was the main chemical constituent in Xiaoboju, which were composed of 21.33%. Verbene oxides and chrysanthenone were composed of 25.32% and 8.26% of the total essential oil, respectively, in the Daboju. The common chemical constituents were camphene, borneol, bornyl aceate, (1R)-camphor, (-)-4-terpineol, alpha-terpineol, eucalyptol, cis-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, juniper camphor, beta-sesquiphellandrene, alpha-curcumene and beta-farnesene in the six cultivars' Juhua produced in Anhui province of China. The resultant data provided the further evidences to distinguish Juhua' cultivars and scientific basis for quality control of Juhua.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 11/2008; 33(19):2207-11.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To determine and evaluate the residuals of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in soil and in Pogostemon cablin in order to provide for GAP planting.
GC method was applied to determine residuals of organochlorine pesticides, the contents of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg and As were determined by IPC.
The contents of residuals of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals were different among three cultivars and planting bases clearly, but all of the residuals in soil from three planting bases were below the second standard of Environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618), and the residuals in P. cablin also meet the "Green standards of medicinal plants and preparations for foreign trade and economy".
Residuals of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in soil and P. cablin from three planting bases in Hainan province were conformed to GAP.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 08/2008; 33(13):1528-32.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study the dynamic accumulation of flavonoids in Chrysanthemum morifolium in order to chose the optimal harvest time.
The flavonoid content was determined in various C. morifolium and in different periods.
The accumulation of flavonoid in various Chrysanthemum reached a high level when lingulate flowers were in 50% blossom and tube ones in 30% or lingulate flowers were in 70% blossom and tube ones in 50%. Only few of C. morifolium reached a high level of flavonoid, when 1 both ingulate and tube flowers blossomed fully.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 07/2008; 33(11):1237-9.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study on dynamic accumulation of various flavone in Chrysanthemum morifolium, in order to appraise the quality of flavone.
The extract was hydrolyzed and the flavonoid components were determined by RP-HPLC.
In the samples from Tongxiang, Tezhongboju showed the highest flavonoids content with the total flavone 9.81%, quercetin 4.17 per thousand and apigenin 17.02 per thousand. In the samples from Sheyang, Hongxinju showed the highest content of luteolin with 6.84 per thousand. In the samples from Jiangning, Tezhongboju showed the highest content of total flavone with 7.59%, Yizhongdabaiju showed the highest content of quercetin with 2.78 per thousand, Sheyangxiaobaiju showed the highest content of luteolin with 4.27 per thousand, Sheyanghongxinju showed the highest content of apigenin with 11.20 per thousand. There were differences in the content of flavonoids among the different cultivars, and the same cultivars showed also different when planted in different areas.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 05/2008; 33(7):756-9, 779.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study the extraction flavonoids distribution in different parts of Prunella vulgaris from different populations.
The optimal extraction condition was selected by response surface method (RSM). The amounts of flavonoids were determined by colorimetric method.
The optimum extraction condition was using 35% ethanol at 25 times of sawple volume, refluxing at 87 degrees C for 3.5 h. The amount of flavonoids was 2.16% -10.29% in P. vulgaris. The content of flavonoids was the highest in leaf while that in root was the lowest. And the content of flavonoids in spike after removed seeds was 27.6% higher than the one reserved seeds.
The RSM was feasible for optimum extraction condition and the amount of flavonoids showed a signiticant regional distribution pattern in various populations of P. vulgaris.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 04/2008; 33(6):651-3.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study the chemical constituents in Huangjuhua (flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium).
The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and structurally elucidated by NMR and MS evidences.
Eleven compounds were obtained and identified as luteolin (1), quercetin (2), acacetin 7-O-beta-D-(3"-acetyl) -glucopyranoside (3), luteolin 7-O-beta-D-(6"-acetyl)-glucopyranoside (4), hesperetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), acacetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), diosmetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), hesperidin (9), linarin (10), and luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11).
Compounds 4, 5 were isolated from the plant for the first time.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 04/2008; 33(5):526-30.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To select an effective way to enhance vigor of Prunella vulgaris seeds.
Three population seeds were treated at the 20 degrees C and dark enviroment.
Priming with 20% - 30% PEG and 200 - 400 mg x L(-1) GA3 could enhance seeds germination and vigor. Germination percentage of three population seeds treated with 0. 6% - 3.0% NaCl reduced, but they started to germinate in advance. Treated with 0.6% - 2.4% KNO3-KH2PO4, germination rate and vigor of seeds in Zijinshan and Pan' an both increased and the one in Bozhou decreased.
Vigor of P. vulgaris seed treated with PEG and GA3 under proper concentration increases, while treated with KNO3-KH2PO, and NaCl low vigor seeds germination rate reduces.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 04/2008; 33(5):493-5.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To analyze the chemical components of the essential oil extracted from five cultivars' Hangjuhua (Zaoxiaoyangju, Chixiaoyangju, Dayangju, Yizhongdabaiju and Xiaotangju), which were breed came from the Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, and provide scientific basis for quality control.
The essential oil of five cultivars' Hangjuhua were extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by GC capillary column chromatography. The components were quantitatively determined with normalization method, and identified by GC-MS.
From the Zaoxiaoyangju, Chixiaoyangju, Dayangju, Yizhongdabaiju and Xiaotangju, 179, 167, 209, 211 and 270 chromatographic peaks were detected, among them 54, 56, 60, 55 and 65 components were identified, which were composed of 73.40%, 64.14%, 65.19%, 53.55% and 62.89% of the total essential oil, respectively.
The common chemical constituents were juniper camphor, 1, 3, 3-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene-4-carboxaldehyde, borneol, alpha-curcumene, alpha-bisabolol, cis-caryophyllene, benzyl benzoate, methyl beta, beta-dimethylbenzenepropanoic acid ester, 2, 4-decadienal and heneicosane in the essential oil of the five cultivars' Hangjuhua. Among them, juniper camphor is most which were composed of 11.96%, 10.51%, 10.95%, 13.28% and 10.77% of the total essential oil, and methyl beta, beta-dimethylbenzenepropanoic acid ester is second, which were composed of 1.51%, 1.86%, 2.52%, 4.89% and 2.51% of the total essential oil, respectively. There are marked differences in the compounds contained in the five samples. The juniper camphor is a characteristic constituent in the essential oil of Hangjuhua. The resultant data provided the evidences to establish Hangjuhua' cultivars and scientific basis for quality control of Hangjuhua.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 04/2008; 33(6):624-7.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study leaf ultrastructure in varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium.
The ultrastructure of leaves was observed through the transmission electron microscope.
Chloroplast, mitochondria, starch grains and peroxide were observed in the ultrastructure of leaves, but the organelle, ultrastructure and their quantity showed differences in various cultivars. The results may explain, why hangju'has a better resistance to the adversity and is planted in large scale.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 02/2008; 33(1):10-4.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study the effects of climate factors on the Chrysanthemum morifolium originated from Wenxian county (i. e "huaiju") for assuring the quality of medicinal C. morifolium.
The content of water-soluble extracts, protein, sugar, flavonoid and chlorogenic acid of "huaiju" collected from Henanwenxian, Jiangsunanjing and Zhejiangtongxiang were selected as the indicator and determined, climate data of the corresponding places were collected for studying the effects on "huaiju" quality through path analysis and correlation analysis.
There existed no obviously differences among the detected indicators except the soluble sugar content. Sunlight, temperature and precipitation showed more effects on quality of "huaiju", the sunlight had the most direct effect on flavonoid, the 10 cm ground temperature had the most direct effect on chlorogenic acid.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 01/2008; 32(23):2474-8.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the species resources of Changium smyrnioides.
Nine habitat populations of C. smyrnioides, included with population environment, time limit, morphological characters and so on were investigated. The phylogenetic relationship of different habitat populations of C. smyrnioides was studied by isoenzyme electrophoretic analysis of the EST.
The results showed that wild resources of C. smyrnioides were endangered. Seed germinating rate of cultivated plant was significantly higher than that of wild seed, but polysaccharide content in the root of wild species was significantly higher than that of cultivated plant. There existed a geographic phylogenetic relationship among different habitat populations.
The wild C. smyrnioides resources are endangered. The wild C. smyrnioides around Nanjing city are better than the others, it could be used for the further selecting of species resources.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 12/2007; 32(22):2349-52.
