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ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to determine the microclimatic conditions in stables in three climactic regions (East, Mediterranean, and Central) of Croatia as well as to evaluate the effect of temperature-humidity index (THI) values on the daily production of dairy cattle. With that purpose, 1675686 test-day records collected from January 2005 until April 2010 were extracted from HPA (Croatian Agricultural Agency) database. For estimation of the effect of THI on daily production of dairy cows fixed-effect model that took into account the effects of lactation stage, breed, calving season, measuring season, and THI group (T1 - THI≤72; T2 - THI>72) was used. Model was applied to each class of parity (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5) and region. During the analysed period, the highest monthly averages of ambient temperature were determined in Mediterranean region, the highest monthly averages of relative humidity were observed in Central region, while the highest monthly mean values of temperature-humidity index (THI) were determined in Mediterranean region. Heat stress conditions indicated with mean daily values of THI>72 were determined during spring and summer season in all analysed regions. Absence of heat stress conditions during autumn and winter season also characterised all three regions. Highly significant (P<0.01) decrease of daily milk yield as well as of daily fat and protein content due to enhanced THI was observed in all cows regardless the parity class and in all three climatic regions. Furthermore, the most deteriorate effect of heat stress was observed in East region. During heat stress period, with the aim of minimization of the effects of heat stress, it is necessary to regulate management strategies in the dairy herd.
Mljekarstvo. 01/2011;
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ABSTRACT: People with celiac disease represent susceptible population that can be cured only by “gluten-free” diet, while dairy products have been recognized as exceptionally recommended. Therefore, it is very important for dairy products not to contain gluten in concentrations that could be harmful for them. The aim of this research was to investigate risk exposure to gluten from dairy products for the population with celiac disease in the Republic of Croatia by usage of referent analytical methods and scientifically based methods of risk assessment. Total number of 19 subgroups of standard dairy products (n=40) and four subgroups of “gluten-free” dairy products (n=53) labelled with crossed cereal or quotation “glutenfree” and without quantity of gluten labelled were analysed by ELISA-R5 method. Adult population with celiac disease (n=57) was interweaved on eating habits, while intake of dairy products for infants and children was calculated based on recommended intakes and menus. The results have shown that number of standard dairy products that according to their nature should not contain gluten, as well as “gluten-free” dairy products contain certain amount of gluten that can be estimated in certain unfavourable scenarios and in susceptible subpopulations as risky to sick individuals. Dairy products represent very low risk to adult population with celiac disease and can be consumed in quantities that do not differ from the recommended quantities for healthy population. On the other side, dairy products for infants in the age from 6 to 12 months represent increased risk for infants with celiac disease and require implementation of risk management activities in order to reduce risk. Dairy products for infants and children from 1 to 6 years represent moderate risk depending on eating habits. The obtained results point out neediness of risk management methods implementation through information and education of population with celiac disease, as well as producers of dairy products.
Mljekarstvo. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of housing systems on stillbirth and mortality rate in preweaning pigs farrowed by different gilt breeds. The investigation included first farrowings of 225 Large White (LW) gilts, 297 Swedish Landrace (SL) gilts and 260 crossbreed gilts (LWxSL) in the period of five years. Despite of positive influence of straw through decreased number of stillborn pigs, especially in LW gilts, in further process of production until weaning, less appropriate microclimatic conditions developed in farrowing houses with straw, especially if accompanied with poor ventilation, can result with higher number of perished pigs and lower number of weaned pigs. Most sensible to unsuitable microclimatic conditions in straw bedded farrowing houses, according to the number of perished pigs before weaning, were the pigs from SL gilts, while the pigs from crossbreed gilts LWxSL were the most resistant. These results suggest that adding straw requires special attention on influence of such production on microclimate conditions in pigs’ biozone in order to maintain its initial benefits in the time of farrowing through the whole preweaning period, especially in pure breeds of gilts.
Italian Journal of Animal Science. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: Determination of correct feeding regimes for calves is very important as it directly influences calves’ productive and reproductive traits, as well as duration of adult animal exploitation period. As the liquid feed is the most expensive component, its importance also has an economic aspect in calves rearing. The experiment was carried out on 30 Holstein calves with the aim to determine productive, economic and health effects of feeding calves with whole milk in different periods. Calves were divided into three equal groups (10 calves in each group). Experiment was carried out in the period from calving up to the 60th day of calf ’s age. All groups were given whole milk, however, duration of whole milk feeding differed among groups. Group 1 consumed whole milk from birth up to the 30th day of age, group 2 from birth up to the 20th day of age and group 3 from birth up to the 10th day of age. Afterwards, all groups were fed with milk replacement formula up to the 60th day of age. Suggested technological solutions in calves feeding within this experiment were analyzed through evaluation of basic fattening characteristics, monitoring of diarrhea occurrences and calculating costs per kg of weight gain per each group. Statistical analysis referring to calves body weight, daily gain and liquid feed conversion during the 1st month of experiment proved the best values for group 1, which were statistically highly significant (P<0.01) if compared to other groups. Examination of health status of calves determined that diarrhea occurred less frequently in group 1, which led to conclusion that feeding whole milk to calves should be given priority with respect to its nutritive and health benefits. By analyzing economic aspect of feeding whole milk to calves in their 1st month of age, the lowest costs were obtained for group 1, which supports the fact that feeding calves with whole milk is cost effective.
Mljekarstvo. 01/2009;
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ABSTRACT: It can be rightfally said that cow breeding is the «generator» of livestock and therefore of the hole agronomy. Stressing the quality of the product developed countries as well as the EU countries have introduced the new control regulations and evaluations of milk and dairy products. The number of somatic cells, microorganisms, protein and milk fat contents have become very important elements in valorisation and classification of milk. The Republic of Croatia also has the «New standard of the Quality of Fresh and Raw Milk» and the «Regulation of the Target Price of Fresh Raw Milk». Due to the wide spectre of the parameters controlled and paid by the new Standards and Regulations, every error and inadequate reaction of the manufacturer or the veterinarian during the health protection over the lactation cycle will have a reflection on a financial aspect of the business. The branch should start as earlier as possible using the domestic and international knowledge about livestock thereby animal health and better quality of milk will be in the priority.
Poljoprivreda (Osijek). 01/2003;
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ABSTRACT: In this paper we tried to estimate gene effects of three bulls that are mated with five populations of half-sisters by sire line for milk amount. We wanted to fortify whether the order of bull.s gene effects was unchangeable or it was modified. Totally we analyzed 2824 lactation. Investigation was made on two different generations of Holstein cows (mothers and daughters). Analysis of results for milk production of mothers showed that between different populations of mothers exist significant differences (P<0.05 and P<0.01).It was fortified that order of bulls wasn.t same i.e. that their breeding value (like sum of all present genes in one individual) was various on the different populations of cows.
Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus (ACS). 01/2003;
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ABSTRACT: LactoCorder is a new measurement device for cow milk productivitycontrol and sample isolation. As a measurement device it has been recognized by ICAR (Internacional Committee for Animal Recording) and is used as an official control device in a German province – Bavaria, The device is composed of two parts: hydraulic one including milk flow through the measuring area and electronic part comprising operational area where data is input and stored. Producer paid special attention to milking traits (average and maximun milk flow) as well as graphicall display of each part of the milking phase: preparation, basic, blind and additional one. Initial equipment purchase investments are large ones. However, taking into account available information obtained by this device invested means would be profitable wery soon. The Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek has been started a scientific – investigation project aimin at study milking traits and their correlation with cows udder health.
Mljekarstvo. 01/2002;
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ABSTRACT: Sanitary quality of milk and physical–chemical parameters became very important elements in evaluation and classification of milk in EU. Because of the market conditions and milk products position a new Book of Regulations of fresh raw milk quality came into force on January 1st2001 in The Republic of Croatia. The object of the investigation was comparison of some milk parameters with new rules of fresh raw milk quality and fortification of the connection between these parameters. The samples of milk of Simmental cows, with exception of mean value of the total somatic cells number (474,480/ml), were characterised by milk quality meeting the requirements of the Book of Regulations. However, Holstein–Friesian cows, in spite of large number of somatic cells in milk (676,030/ml) didn`t have even satisfactory percent of fatless dry matter (8.34; 8.36; 8.18 and 8.21%). In future, it is necessary to make programmes of cattle breeding development based on market demands and modern market objects, using European achievements in livestock science and profession.
Poljoprivreda (Osijek). 01/2001;
