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International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 06/2007; 29(5):607-9. · 4.13 Impact Factor
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International Journal of Infectious Diseases 02/2007; 11(1):84-5. · 1.94 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: By definition, the term "surgical infection" implies that surgery plays the major role in therapy, whereas antimicrobial chemotherapy is only supplementary. Despite this view, the efficacy of such drugs is relevant, and for this reason, drug activity surveillance is necessary, especially for opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We evaluated bacterial isolates from patients with suspected surgical infections in a hospital of Caracas, Venezuela (West General Hospital) between 1997 and 2003.
Clinical samples were processed and identified with standard cultures and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates in vitro was assessed by an agar disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar, as recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (now the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). Isolates were tested against 22 drugs, including piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and imipenem.
From a total of 16,287 bacterial strains isolated from surgical infections during the study period, 243 (1.5%) were P. aeruginosa. Of this total, 30.9% were resistant to gentamicin, 26.3% to tobramicin, 23.0% to cefoperazone, 22.8% to piperacillin, 22.5% to ciprofloxacin, 17.6% to amikacin, 13.6% to imipenem, and 12.9% to meropenem. The best antimicrobial activity was observed with cefepime (90.1% susceptible strains, 1.9% intermediate resistance, and 8.0% resistant strains) and aztreonam (77.7% susceptible strains, 15.2% intermediate resistance, and 7.1% resistant strains).
In our setting, cefepime is most active against strains of P. aeruginosa. In comparison with third-generation cephalosporins, cefepime may be less likely to induce resistance. Surveillance of antimicrobial activity should be done periodically to guide therapy of surgical infections.
Surgical Infections 07/2006; 7(3):269-73. · 1.80 Impact Factor
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International Journal of STD & AIDS 10/2005; 16(9):649-50. · 1.09 Impact Factor
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Clinical Infectious Diseases 09/2005; 41(3):421-2. · 9.15 Impact Factor
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International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 07/2005; 25(6):546-50. · 4.13 Impact Factor
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International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 01/2003; 20(6):476-7. · 4.13 Impact Factor
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Alfonso J Rodríguez,
D R Antonio Samaniego,
Ana Soskin,
Cruz N Rodríguez,
Jorge Canese,
Juana Ortellado de Canese,
Nilda Molina,
Ada García,
Carmen Duque, Pilar Meijomil,
Francis Arena
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ABSTRACT: The antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin was investigated in two Latin American hospitals, one in Venezuela and the other in Paraguay. The resistance of P. aeruginosa was investigated in 1,481 clinically isolated strains, 988 from Asunción and 493 from Caracas, collected between 1996 and 1999. Susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 11.4% were resistant to cefoperazone, 11.4% to ceftazidime, 12.8% to piperacillin, 13.6% to amikacin, 18.2% to gentamicin, 11.1% to ciprofloxacin, and 6.7% to imipenem. There were significant differences in resistance patterns between isolates from Asunción and Caracas. Resistance was higher in Caracas. Despite similar antibiotic usage policies and other measures, differences in the resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa are evident in this study. The clinical and therapeutic implications of this resistance suggest the need to maintain surveillance in local settings, especially in developing countries such as Venezuela and Paraguay.
Chemotherapy 10/2002; 48(4):164-7. · 1.82 Impact Factor
