T V Anilkumar

Publications of T V Anilkumar

• Advantages of hyaluronic acid as a component of fibrin sheet for care of acute wound.

  Authors: T V Anilkumar, Jaseer Muhamed, Anumol Jose, Arun Jyothi, P V Mohanan, Lissy K Krishnan

  Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization. 02/2011; 39(2):81-8.

  Skin injury is followed by accumulation of a fibrin based provisional matrix which normally drives the process of wound repair. Exogenous fibrin with extra cellular matrix (ECM) components can alsoSkin injury is followed by accumulation of a fibrin based provisional matrix which normally drives the process of wound repair. Exogenous fibrin with extra cellular matrix (ECM) components can also favor the wound healing process. In a preliminary study we found that lyophilized fibrin sheet (FS) arrest bleeding from rabbit skin wound but it remained dry during the repair period and did not accelerate the healing process better than untreated control. In the current study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was incorporated into FS and the resultant HA-FS promoted water retention and improved wound healing process. Gross-morphology, histopathology and histomorphometry were employed to compare qualitative and quantitative difference of wound healing in treated group against controls. In experimental sites (HA-FS), re-epithelialization was completed by 14 days with neo-vascularization and deposition of wavy bundles of collagen in the treated sites. Rate of healing process was different in treated and untreated wounds and most striking difference was the appearance of appendages, sebaceous gland and hair follicle at some locations in HA-FS treated sites. Therefore, HA with fibrin can create an effective wound care matrix which promotes water retention and wound healing potential.

• Amphotericin B-gum arabic conjugates: synthesis, toxicity, bioavailability, and activities against Leishmania and fungi.

  Authors: K K Nishi, M Antony, P V Mohanan, T V Anilkumar, P M Loiseau, A Jayakrishnan

  Pharmaceutical research. 06/2007; 24(5):971-80.

  PURPOSE: Gum arabic, a branched polysaccharide consisting of more than 90% arabinogalactan having a molecular weight around 250,000 Da is the oldest and best known of all natural gums. The objectivePURPOSE: Gum arabic, a branched polysaccharide consisting of more than 90% arabinogalactan having a molecular weight around 250,000 Da is the oldest and best known of all natural gums. The objective of the present investigation was to examine whether amphotericin B (AmB), the polyene antibiotic when conjugated to periodate oxidized gum arabic still retained its anti-fungal and anti-leishmanial activity and to evaluate its toxicity and bioavailability. METHODS: AmB conjugated to the oxidized polysaccharide through Schiff's linkages in the unreduced (imine) and reduced (amine) forms were characterized for the drug content, hemolytic potential, molecular mass, in vitro release and were examined for anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans and for anti-leishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani in culture. Toxicity and bioavailability were evaluated by intravenous (i.v) injections of the conjugates in mice and rabbits respectively. RESULTS: The conjugates were found to be non-hemolytic and mice withstood a dosage of 20 mg (AmB)/kg body weight of both conjugates. Histological examination of the internal organs of mice showed no lesions in kidney, brain, heart or liver. Estimation of the residual drug in the internal organs 7 days post injection showed that the spleen still retained 8.4 +/- 0.53 microg/g of tissue. AmB was found to be released from both conjugates in vitro although the release from the imine conjugate was much faster than from the amine conjugate. The concentrations inhibiting parasite growth by 50% (IC(50)) values for the imine conjugate against promastigotes of L. donovani LV9 and DD8 strains were 0.37 +/- 0.04 and 1.44 +/- 0.18 microM respectively. The IC(50) values for the amine conjugates were much higher. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against C. albicans and C. neoformans was in the range of 0.5-0.9 microg/mL for both imino and amino conjugates. The bioavailability of the conjugate in rabbits showed that the imine conjugate maintained a plasma concentration in the range of 20 to 5 microg/mL while for the amine conjugate it was in the range of 17 to 3 microg/mL over 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: The drug conjugates were stable, non-hemolytic and non-toxic to the internal organs of the animal and showed good anti-fungal and anti-leishmanial activity in vitro. In spite of the large molecular weight of the polysaccharide, AmB from the conjugates showed bioavailability after i.v injection. Since the highest concentration of AmB was found in the spleen after a single injection, these conjugates may have potential in anti-leishmanial therapy.

• Biological evaluation of pliable hydroxyapatite-ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer composites intended for cranioplasty.

  Authors: Shiny Velayudhan, T V Anilkumar, T V Kumary, P V Mohanan, A. C. Fernandez, H K Varma, P Ramesh

  Acta biomaterialia. 04/2005; 1(2):201-9.

  Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is undoubtedly a material suitable for repairing the defective bone tissue. However, the brittleness and non-malleability of HAP limit its clinical application as a cranioplasticHydroxyapatite (HAP) is undoubtedly a material suitable for repairing the defective bone tissue. However, the brittleness and non-malleability of HAP limit its clinical application as a cranioplastic analogue. To improve these properties, pliable, osteoconductive composites composed of HAP and ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer (EVA) have been developed. This study reports the biocompatibility evaluation of the newly developed composite material. Composites of two compositions, containing 40 and 50 volume percentage of HAP, were evaluated. In vitro cell culture cytotoxity studies were carried out using L929 cell line. Intracutaneous irritation studies, and intramuscular implantation studies were carried out on rabbits. Cell culture studies showed that the composite was non-cytotoxic to mouse fibroblast cell line. Intracutaneous irritation studies did not show any gross signs of tissue reaction. Histological analysis after six months of implantation in the paravertebral muscles of rabbit showed that all the implants under study were covered with a thin soft tissue capsule. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that the composite materials are biocompatible and hence are a candidate material for implantation in the cranium.

• Long term tissue response to titanium coated with diamond like carbon.

  Authors: M Mohanty, T V Anilkumar, P V Mohanan, C V Muraleedharan, G S Bhuvaneshwar, F Derangere, Y Sampeur, R Suryanarayanan

  Biomolecular engineering. 09/2002; 19(2-6):125-8.

  Diamond like carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited on to Ti substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Ti and DLC/Ti samples were implanted in skeletal muscle of rabbits. TheDiamond like carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited on to Ti substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Ti and DLC/Ti samples were implanted in skeletal muscle of rabbits. The samples were explanted after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and the tissue-cell interaction was studied. Our data indicate both DLC/Ti and bare Ti to be compatible with skeletal muscle.

• Atrial septal defect in a bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata).

  Authors: T V Anilkumar, S Sandhyamani

  Journal of medical primatology. 02/1990; 19(8):749-52.

  Atrial Septal Defect was detected at autopsy in a subadult bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata). Case history and autopsy findings were described.

• Advantages of hyaluronic acid as a component of fibrin sheet for care of acute wound

  Authors: T.V. Anilkumar, Jaseer Muhamed, Anumol Jose, Arun Jyothi, P.V. Mohanan, Lissy K. Krishnan

  Biologicals.

  Skin injury is followed by accumulation of a fibrin based provisional matrix which normally drives the process of wound repair. Exogenous fibrin with extra cellular matrix (ECM) components can alsoSkin injury is followed by accumulation of a fibrin based provisional matrix which normally drives the process of wound repair. Exogenous fibrin with extra cellular matrix (ECM) components can also favor the wound healing process. In a preliminary study we found that lyophilized fibrin sheet (FS) arrest bleeding from rabbit skin wound but it remained dry during the repair period and did not accelerate the healing process better than untreated control. In the current study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was incorporated into FS and the resultant HA-FS promoted water retention and improved wound healing process. Gross-morphology, histopathology and histomorphometry were employed to compare qualitative and quantitative difference of wound healing in treated group against controls. In experimental sites (HA-FS), re-epithelialization was completed by 14 days with neo-vascularization and deposition of wavy bundles of collagen in the treated sites. Rate of healing process was different in treated and untreated wounds and most striking difference was the appearance of appendages, sebaceous gland and hair follicle at some locations in HA-FS treated sites. Therefore, HA with fibrin can create an effective wound care matrix which promotes water retention and wound healing potential.