Article

Identification of a novel gene (HSN2) causing hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II through the Study of Canadian Genetic Isolates.

Xenon Genetics Research, Xenon Genetics Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada.
The American Journal of Human Genetics (impact factor: 10.6). 06/2004; 74(5):1064-73. DOI:10.1086/420795 pp.1064-73
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) type II is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impairment of pain, temperature, and touch sensation owing to reduction or absence of peripheral sensory neurons. We identified two large pedigrees segregating the disorder in an isolated population living in Newfoundland and performed a 5-cM genome scan. Linkage analysis identified a locus mapping to 12p13.33 with a maximum LOD score of 8.4. Haplotype sharing defined a candidate interval of 1.06 Mb containing all or part of seven annotated genes, sequencing of which failed to detect causative mutations. Comparative genomics revealed a conserved ORF corresponding to a novel gene in which we found three different truncating mutations among five families including patients from rural Quebec and Nova Scotia. This gene, termed "HSN2," consists of a single exon located within intron 8 of the PRKWNK1 gene and is transcribed from the same strand. The HSN2 protein may play a role in the development and/or maintenance of peripheral sensory neurons or their supporting Schwann cells.

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    Article: Mutations in SPTLC1, encoding serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit-1, cause hereditary sensory neuropathy type I.
    J L Dawkins, D J Hulme, S B Brahmbhatt, M Auer-Grumbach, G A Nicholson
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Hereditary sensory neuropathy type I (HSN1) is the most common hereditary disorder of peripheral sensory neurons. HSN1 is an autosomal dominant progressive degeneration of dorsal root ganglia and motor neurons with onset in the second or third decades. Initial symptoms are sensory loss in the feet followed by distal muscle wasting and weakness. Loss of pain sensation leads to chronic skin ulcers and distal amputations. The HSN1 locus has been mapped to chromosome 9q22.1-22.3 (refs. 3,4). Here we map the gene SPTLC1, encoding serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit-1, to this locus. Mutation screening revealed 3 different missense mutations resulting in changes to 2 amino acids in all affected members of 11 HSN1 families. We found two mutations to be located in exon 5 (C133Y and C133W) and one mutation to be located in exon 6 of SPTLC1 (V144D). All families showing definite or probable linkage to chromosome 9 had mutations in these two exons. These mutations are associated with increased de novo glucosyl ceramide synthesis in lymphoblast cell lines in affected individuals. Increased de novo ceramide synthesis triggers apoptosis and is associated with massive cell death during neural tube closure, raising the possibility that neural degeneration in HSN1 is due to ceramide-induced apoptotic cell death.
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Keywords

5-cM genome scan
 
8.4. Haplotype sharing
 
autonomic neuropathy
 
autosomal recessive disorder
 
candidate interval
 
conserved ORF corresponding
 
different truncating mutations
 
families
 
HSN2 protein
 
isolated population
 
large pedigrees segregating
 
Linkage analysis
 
maximum LOD score
 
Newfoundland
 
Nova Scotia
 
peripheral sensory neurons
 
rural Quebec
 
supporting Schwann cells
 
touch sensation