Elevated amniotic fluid leptin levels in early second trimester are associated with earlier delivery and lower birthweight in twin pregnancy.

Abstract

To explore the possibility of using early second trimester amniotic fluid leptin levels as a predictor of pregnancy outcome in twin pregnancy.
Amniotic fluid leptin levels from 18 twin-pregnant women in early second trimester were analyzed for their correlation with gestational age at delivery and fetal birthweight. Leptin levels in 16 amniotic fluid samples collected from small for gestational age (SGA) twin pregnancies were compared with those in 20 amniotic fluid samples collected from non-SGA twin pregnancies.
A significant correlation was observed between amniotic fluid leptin levels and gestational age at delivery (r = 0.71, p < 0.001) as well as fetal birthweight (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation between gestational age at delivery and fetal birthweight (r = 0.92, p < 0.001). The average gestational age at delivery was 30.4 +/- 1.4 weeks in the SGA group, with a mean birthweight of 1552 +/- 200 g at delivery. For the non-SGA group, the values were 37.3 +/- 0.5 weeks and 2759 +/- 115 g ( p < 0.001), respectively. Amniotic fluid leptin levels were found to be significantly higher ( p < 0.001) for women in the SGA group (11.4 +/- 1.5 ng/mL) than for those in the non-SGA group (5.4 +/- 0.5 ng/mL).
Higher amniotic fluid leptin levels in early second trimester were associated with both lower gestational age at delivery and lower birthweight. Our results suggest that amniotic fluid leptin levels in early second trimester may be a good marker for the prediction of perinatal complications in twin pregnancy.