Article

Progressive nephropathy associated with mitochondrial tRNA gene mutation.

Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
Clinical nephrology (impact factor: 1.17). 09/2004; 62(2):149-54. pp.149-54
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Mitochondrial DNA plays a crucial role in oxidative production of energy. Thus, defects in mitochondrial DNA can affect virtually all organ systems. The point mutation A --> G at position 3243 in the mitochondrial tRNAleu(UUR) gene is the cause of several distinct types of mitochondrial cytopathy and several clinical phenotypes, including encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes and maternally inherited diabetes and deafness. This mutation has been recently described also in association with kidney disease, mainly focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. At present, little is known about the prevalence of this mitochondrial nephropathy, its clinical course and the pathogenesis of glomerular damage. We describe 2 unrelated patients, who presented with proteinuria and progressed to end-stage renal failure. Other clinical features were short stature, severe headache, hearing loss, diabetes mellitus and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The main histological finding was an increased number of abnormal mitochondria in tubular cells and podocytes. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA from leukocytes and urine sediment revealed heteroplasmy for the A3243G mutation in tRNAleu(UUR) gene in both patients. Recognition of the characteristic clinical and histological features of the mitochondrial A3243G mutation-associated glomerulopathy will enable correct diagnosis and better management of a disease which is likely to be underdiagnosed.

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    Article: Postlingual Hearing Loss as a Mitochondrial 3243A>G Mutation Phenotype.
    Katarzyna Iwanicka-Pronicka, Agnieszka Pollak, Agata Skórka, Urszula Lechowicz, Magdalena Pajdowska, Mariusz Furmanek, Maciej Rzeski, Lech Korniszewski, Henryk Skarżyński, Rafał Płoski
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: The prevalence of isolated hearing loss (HL) associated with the m.3243A>G mutation is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and heteroplasmy level of the m.3243A>G mutation in a large group of Polish patients with postlingual bilateral sensorineural HL of unidentified cause. A molecular search was undertaken in the archival blood DNA of 1482 unrelated patients with isolated HL that had begun at ages between 5 and 40 years. Maternal relatives of the probands were subsequently investigated and all carriers underwent audiological tests. The m.3243A>G mutation was found in 16 of 1482 probands (an incidence of 1.08%) and 18 family members. Of these 34 individuals, hearing impairment was detected in 29 patients and the mean onset of HL was at 26 years. Some 42% of the identified m.3243A>G carriers did not develop multisystem symptomatology over the following 10 years. Mean heteroplasmy level of m.3243A>G was lowest in blood at a level of 14% and highest in urine at 58%. These values were independent of the manifested clinical severity of the disease. A single m.3243A>G carrier can usually be found among each 100 individuals who have postlingual hearing loss of unknown cause. Urine samples are best for detecting the m.3243A>G mutation and diagnosing mitochondrially inherited hearing loss.
    PLoS ONE 01/2012; 7(10):e44054. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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    Article: Severe epilepsy as the major symptom of new mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA(Phe) gene.
    G Zsurka, K G Hampel, I Nelson, C Jardel, S R Mirandola, R Sassen, C Kornblum, P Marcorelles, S Lavoué, A Lombès, W S Kunz
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: To present 2 families with maternally inherited severe epilepsy as the main symptom of mitochondrial disease due to point mutations at position 616 in the mitochondrial tRNA(Phe) (MT-TF) gene. Histologic stainings were performed on skeletal muscle slices from the 2 index patients. Oxidative phosphorylation activity was measured by oxygraphic and spectrophotometric methods. The patients' complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the relevant mtDNA region in maternal relatives were sequenced. Muscle histology showed only decreased overall COX staining, while a combined respiratory chain defect, most severely affecting complex IV, was noted in both patients' skeletal muscle. Sequencing of the mtDNA revealed in both patients a mutation at position 616 in the MT-TF gene (T>C or T>G). These mutations disrupt a base pair in the anticodon stem at a highly conserved position. They were apparently homoplasmic in both patients, and had different heteroplasmy levels in the investigated maternal relatives. Deleterious mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA(Phe) may solely manifest with epilepsy when segregating to homoplasmy. They may be overlooked in the absence of lactate accumulation and typical mosaic mitochondrial defects in muscle.
    Neurology 02/2010; 74(6):507-12. · 8.31 Impact Factor
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    Article: Progress in pathogenesis of proteinuria.
    Aihua Zhang, Songming Huang
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    ABSTRACT: Aims. Proteinuria not only is a sign of kidney damage, but also is involved in the progression of renal diseases as an independent pathologic factor. Clinically, glomerular proteinuria is most commonly observed, which relates to structural and functional anomalies in the glomerular filtration barrier. The aim of this paper was to describe the pathogenesis of glomerular proteinuria. Data Sources. Articles on glomerular proteinuria retrieved from Pubmed and MEDLINE in the recent 5 years were reviewed. Results. The new understanding of the roles of glomerular endothelial cells and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in the pathogenesis of glomerular proteinuria was gained. The close relationships of slit diaphragm (SD) molecules such as nephrin, podocin, CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), a-actinin-4, transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6), Densin and membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 1 (MAGI-1), α3β1 integrin, WT1, phospholipase C epsilon-1 (PLCE1), Lmx1b, and MYH9, and mitochondrial disorders and circulating factors in the pathogenesis of glomerular proteinuria were also gradually discovered. Conclusion. Renal proteinuria is a manifestation of glomerular filtration barrier dysfunction. Not only glomerular endothelial cells and GBM, but also the glomerular podocytes and their SDs play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerular proteinuria.
    International journal of nephrology. 01/2012; 2012:314251.
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Keywords

2 unrelated patients
 
characteristic clinical
 
clinical phenotypes
 
correct diagnosis
 
crucial role
 
end-stage renal failure
 
glomerular damage
 
hearing loss
 
increased number
 
kidney disease
 
main histological
 
mitochondrial A3243G mutation-associated glomerulopathy
 
mitochondrial cytopathy
 
mitochondrial DNA
 
mitochondrial nephropathy
 
mitochondrial tRNAleu(UUR)
 
oxidative production
 
point mutation
 
segmental glomerulosclerosis
 
stroke-like episodes
 

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