Article

Protein nonenzymatic modifications and proteasome activity in skeletal muscle from the short-lived rat and long-lived pigeon.

Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, Avinguda Rovira Roure 44, Lleida 25198, Spain.
Experimental Gerontology (impact factor: 3.74). 11/2004; 39(10):1527-35. DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2004.08.001
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT What are the mechanisms determining the rate of animal aging? Of the two major classes of endothermic animals, bird species are strikingly long-lived compared to similar size mammalian counterparts. Since oxidative stress is causally related to the basic aging process, markers of different kinds of oxidative damage to proteins (glutamic semialdehyde, aminoadipic semialdehyde, N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine; N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine, N(epsilon)-(malondialdehyde)lysine and dinitrophenylhydrazyne-reactive protein carbonyls, peptidase activities of the proteasome, and amino acid and membrane fatty acyl composition were identified and measured in skeletal muscle from the short-lived rat (maximum life span, 4 years) and compared with the long-lived pigeon (maximum life span, 35 years). Skeletal muscle from pigeon showed significantly higher levels of glutamic semialdehyde, protein carbonyls (by western blot), N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine. No differences were observed for aminoadipic semialdehyde, whereas the lipoxidation marker N(epsilon)-(malondialdehyde)lysine displayed a significant low steady-state level, probably related with their significantly lower membrane unsaturation. The amino acid compositional analysis revealed that arginine, serine, threonine and methionine showed significantly lower levels in pigeon. Finally, pigeon samples showed also significantly lower levels of the peptidase activities of the proteasome. These results reinforces the role of structural components such as membrane unsaturation and protein composition in determining the longer maximum life span showed by birds compared with mammals of similar body size.

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Keywords

4 years
 
amino acid compositional analysis
 
aminoadipic semialdehyde
 
dinitrophenylhydrazyne-reactive protein carbonyls
 
endothermic animals
 
glutamic semialdehyde
 
lipoxidation marker N(epsilon)-(malondialdehyde)lysine
 
long-lived pigeon
 
lower membrane unsaturation
 
maximum life span
 
membrane fatty acyl composition
 
peptidase activities
 
protein carbonyls
 
protein composition
 
proteins
 
short-lived rat
 
significant low steady-state level
 
similar size mammalian counterparts
 
two major classes
 
western blot