Article

Intravital fluorescence microscopy: a novel tool for the study of the interaction of Staphylococcus aureus with the microvascular endothelium in vivo.

Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases (impact factor: 6.41). 02/2005; 191(3):435-43. DOI:10.1086/427193 pp.435-43
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to adhere to endothelial cells is a major prerequisite for the tissue-invasive stage of bacterial infection.
To develop a model for the study of endothelial attachment and detachment kinetics of S. aureus within the host's microvasculature in vivo, we labeled inactivated staphylococci with fluorescein isothiocyanate and investigated their interaction with the vascular endothelium of arterioles, capillaries, and venules in the dorsal skin-fold chamber of untreated and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-treated hamsters by use of intravital fluorescence microscopy.
During the first 20 min after injection, >99% of the bacteria were removed from the microvascular bloodstream. In parallel, single bacteria and bacterial clusters adhered to the endothelial lining of postcapillary venules and to nutritive capillaries. Bacterial adherence to the endothelium of arterioles was only rarely observed. TNF-alpha treatment significantly accelerated bacterial clearance and resulted in a significant increase of venular, but not arteriolar and capillary, bacterial adherence, indicating the venular endothelium to be the target structure for bacterial recruitment.
The insights into host-pathogen interaction gained with this new in vivo model offer highly promising novel aspects of the understanding of infections caused by S. aureus.

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Keywords

Bacterial adherence
 
bacterial clearance
 
bacterial clusters adhered
 
bacterial infection
 
detachment kinetics
 
dorsal skin-fold chamber
 
endothelial attachment
 
first 20 min
 
fluorescein isothiocyanate
 
inactivated staphylococci
 
intravital fluorescence microscopy
 
microvascular bloodstream
 
postcapillary venules
 
target structure
 
tissue-invasive stage
 
TNF-alpha treatment
 
tumor necrosis factor
 
vascular endothelium
 
venular endothelium
 
vivo model offer
 

Matthias W Laschke