Article

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the cell-wall invertase gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Plant Metabolism Research Centre & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Korea.
Plant Cell Reports (impact factor: 2.27). 07/2005; 24(4):225-36. DOI:10.1007/s00299-004-0910-z
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Cell-wall invertase (CIN) catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose for the supply of carbohydrates to sink organs via an apoplastic pathway. To study the CIN genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.), we isolated cDNA clones showing amino acid similarity to the plant cell wall invertase proteins from a search of rice sequence databases. Profile analyses revealed that the cloned genes are expressed in unique patterns in various organs. For example, transcripts of OsCIN1, OsCIN2, OsCIN4, and OsCIN7 were detected in immature seeds whereas OsCIN3 gene expression was flower-specific. Further transcript analysis of these genes expressed in developing seeds indicated that OsCIN1, OsCIN2, and OsCIN7 might play an important role involving sucrose partitioning to the embryo and endosperm. Sucrose, a substrate of CINs, induced the accumulation of OsCIN1 transcripts in excised leaves and OsCIN2 in immature seeds, while the level of OsCIN5 was significantly down-regulated in excised leaves treated with sucrose. Infecting the tissues with rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) as a biotic stressor increased the expression of OsCIN1, OsCIN4, and OsCIN5, suggesting that these genes may participate in a switch in metabolism to resist pathogen invasion. These results demonstrate that OsCIN genes play diverse roles involving the regulation of metabolism, growth, development, and stress responses.

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    Article: Duplication and independent selection of cell-wall invertase genes GIF1 and OsCIN1 during rice evolution and domestication.
    Ertao Wang, Xun Xu, Lin Zhang, Hong Zhang, Lin Lin, Qin Wang, Qun Li, Song Ge, Bao-Rong Lu, Wen Wang, Zuhua He
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Various evolutionary models have been proposed to interpret the fate of paralogous duplicates, which provides substrates on which evolution selection could act. In particular, domestication, as a special selection, has played important role in crop cultivation with divergence of many genes controlling important agronomic traits. Recent studies have indicated that a pair of duplicate genes was often sub-functionalized from their ancestral functions held by the parental genes. We previously demonstrated that the rice cell-wall invertase (CWI) gene GIF1 that plays an important role in the grain-filling process was most likely subjected to domestication selection in the promoter region. Here, we report that GIF1 and another CWI gene OsCIN1 constitute a pair of duplicate genes with differentiated expression and function through independent selection. Through synteny analysis, we show that GIF1 and another cell-wall invertase gene OsCIN1 were paralogues derived from a segmental duplication originated during genome duplication of grasses. Results based on analyses of population genetics and gene phylogenetic tree of 25 cultivars and 25 wild rice sequences demonstrated that OsCIN1 was also artificially selected during rice domestication with a fixed mutation in the coding region, in contrast to GIF1 that was selected in the promoter region. GIF1 and OsCIN1 have evolved into different expression patterns and probable different kinetics parameters of enzymatic activity with the latter displaying less enzymatic activity. Overexpression of GIF1 and OsCIN1 also resulted in different phenotypes, suggesting that OsCIN1 might regulate other unrecognized biological process. How gene duplication and divergence contribute to genetic novelty and morphological adaptation has been an interesting issue to geneticists and biologists. Our discovery that the duplicated pair of GIF1 and OsCIN1 has experienced sub-functionalization implies that selection could act independently on each duplicate towards different functional specificity, which provides a vivid example for evolution of genetic novelties in a model crop. Our results also further support the established hypothesis that gene duplication with sub-functionalization could be one solution for genetic adaptive conflict.
    BMC Evolutionary Biology 04/2010; 10:108. · 3.52 Impact Factor
  • Article: Impaired function of the tonoplast-localized sucrose transporter in rice, OsSUT2, limits the transport of vacuolar reserve sucrose and affects plant growth.
    Joon-Seob Eom, Jung-Il Cho, Anke Reinders, Sang-Won Lee, Youngchul Yoo, Pham Quoc Tuan, Sang-Bong Choi, Geul Bang, Youn-Il Park, Man-Ho Cho, Seong Hee Bhoo, Gynheung An, Tae-Ryong Hahn, John M Ward, Jong-Seong Jeon
    [show abstract] [hide abstract]
    ABSTRACT: Physiological functions of sucrose (Suc) transporters (SUTs) localized to the tonoplast in higher plants are poorly understood. We here report the isolation and characterization of a mutation in the rice (Oryza sativa) OsSUT2 gene. Expression of OsSUT2-green fluorescent protein in rice revealed that OsSUT2 localizes to the tonoplast. Analysis of the OsSUT2 promoter::β-glucuronidase transgenic rice indicated that this gene is highly expressed in leaf mesophyll cells, emerging lateral roots, pedicels of fertilized spikelets, and cross cell layers of seed coats. Results of Suc transport assays in yeast were consistent with a H(+)-Suc symport mechanism, suggesting that OsSUT2 functions in Suc uptake from the vacuole. The ossut2 mutant exhibited a growth retardation phenotype with a significant reduction in tiller number, plant height, 1,000-grain weight, and root dry weight compared with the controls, the wild type, and complemented transgenic lines. Analysis of primary carbon metabolites revealed that ossut2 accumulated more Suc, glucose, and fructose in the leaves than the controls. Further sugar export analysis of detached leaves indicated that ossut2 had a significantly decreased sugar export ability compared with the controls. These results suggest that OsSUT2 is involved in Suc transport across the tonoplast from the vacuole lumen to the cytosol in rice, playing an essential role in sugar export from the source leaves to sink organs.
    Plant physiology 07/2011; 157(1):109-19. · 6.53 Impact Factor
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Keywords

amino acid similarity
 
apoplastic pathway
 
biotic stressor
 
cDNA clones
 
Cell-wall invertase
 
diverse roles
 
glucose
 
hydrolysis
 
Magnaporthe grisea
 
Oryza sativa L
 
OsCIN genes
 
OsCIN1 transcripts
 
OsCIN2
 
OsCIN3 gene expression
 
OsCIN5
 
plant cell wall invertase proteins
 
rice blast
 
rice sequence databases
 
stress responses
 
unique patterns