Article
Structural insights into the activity of enhancer-binding proteins.
Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Science (impact factor:
31.2).
04/2005;
307(5717):1972-5.
DOI:10.1126/science.1105932
pp.1972-5
Source: PubMed
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Citations (0)
- Cited In (6)
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Article: A lower-order oligomer form of phage shock protein A (PspA) stably associates with the hexameric AAA(+) transcription activator protein PspF for negative regulation.
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ABSTRACT: To survive and colonise their various environments, including those used during infection, bacteria have developed a variety of adaptive systems. Amongst these is phage shock protein (Psp) response, which can be induced in Escherichia coli upon filamentous phage infection (specifically phage secretin pIV) and by other membrane-damaging agents. The E. coli Psp system comprises seven proteins, of which PspA is the central component. PspA is a bifunctional protein that is directly involved in (i) the negative regulation of the psp-specific transcriptional activator PspF and (ii) the maintenance of membrane integrity in a mechanism proposed to involve the formation of a 36-mer ring complex. Here we established that the PspA negative regulation of PspF ATPase activity is the result of a cooperative inhibition. We present biochemical evidence showing that an inhibitory PspA-PspF regulatory complex, which has significantly reduced PspF ATPase activity, is composed of around six PspF subunits and six PspA subunits, suggesting that PspA exists in at least two different oligomeric assemblies. We now establish that all four putative helical domains of PspA are critical for the formation of the 36-mer. In contrast, not all four helical domains are required for the formation of the inhibitory PspA-PspF complex. Since a range of initial PspF oligomeric states permit formation of the apparent PspA-PspF dodecameric assembly, we conclude that PspA and PspF demonstrate a strong propensity to self-assemble into a single defined heteromeric regulatory complex.Journal of Molecular Biology 10/2009; 394(4):764-75. · 4.00 Impact Factor -
Article: Essential roles of three enhancer sites in sigma54-dependent transcription by the nitric oxide sensing regulatory protein NorR.
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ABSTRACT: The bacterial activator protein NorR binds to enhancer-like elements, upstream of the promoter site, and activates sigma(54)-dependent transcription of genes that encode nitric oxide detoxifying enzymes (NorVW), in response to NO stress. Unique to the norVW promoter in Escherichia coli is the presence of three enhancer sites associated with a binding site for sigma(54)-RNA polymerase. Here we show that all three sites are required for NorR-dependent catalysis of open complex formation by sigma(54)-RNAP holoenzyme (Esigma(54)). We demonstrate that this is essentially due to the need for all three enhancers for maximal ATPase activity of NorR, energy from which is used to remodel the closed Esigma(54) complex and allow melting of the promoter DNA. We also find that site-specific DNA binding per se promotes oligomerisation but the DNA flanking the three sites is needed to further stabilise the functional higher order oligomer of NorR at the enhancers.Nucleic Acids Research 12/2009; 38(4):1182-94. · 8.03 Impact Factor -
Article: Multiple controls affect arsenite oxidase gene expression in Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans.
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ABSTRACT: Both the speciation and toxicity of arsenic are affected by bacterial transformations, i.e. oxidation, reduction or methylation. These transformations have a major impact on environmental contamination and more particularly on arsenic contamination of drinking water. Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans has been isolated from an arsenic- contaminated environment and has developed various mechanisms for coping with arsenic, including the oxidation of As(III) to As(V) as a detoxification mechanism. In the present study, a differential transcriptome analysis was used to identify genes, including arsenite oxidase encoding genes, involved in the response of H. arsenicoxydans to As(III). To get insight into the molecular mechanisms of this enzyme activity, a Tn5 transposon mutagenesis was performed. Transposon insertions resulting in a lack of arsenite oxidase activity disrupted aoxR and aoxS genes, showing that the aox operon transcription is regulated by the AoxRS two-component system. Remarkably, transposon insertions were also identified in rpoN coding for the alternative N sigma factor (sigma54) of RNA polymerase and in dnaJ coding for the Hsp70 co-chaperone. Western blotting with anti-AoxB antibodies and quantitative RT-PCR experiments allowed us to demonstrate that the rpoN and dnaJ gene products are involved in the control of arsenite oxidase gene expression. Finally, the transcriptional start site of the aoxAB operon was determined using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and a putative -12/-24 sigma54-dependent promoter motif was identified upstream of aoxAB coding sequences. These results reveal the existence of novel molecular regulatory processes governing arsenite oxidase expression in H. arsenicoxydans. These data are summarized in a model that functionally integrates arsenite oxidation in the adaptive response to As(III) in this microorganism.BMC Microbiology 02/2010; 10:53. · 3.04 Impact Factor
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Keywords
20 angstrom resolution structure
activator
Activators
ATP transition state analog
bacterial sigma54-RNA polymerase holoenzyme
basal factor
Comparing enhancer-binding structures
cryogenic electron microscopy
different nucleotide states
EM map
mutational analysis
nucleotide-dependent conformational changes
