Article

Pig tissues express a catalytically inefficient 25-kDa thiamine triphosphatase: insight in the catalytic mechanisms of this enzyme.

Center for Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (impact factor: 4.66). 09/2005; 1725(1):93-102. DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.05.026 pp.93-102
Source: PubMed

ABSTRACT Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) is found in most organisms and may be an intracellular signal molecule produced in response to stress. We have recently cloned the cDNA coding for a highly specific mammalian 25-kDa thiamine triphosphatase. The enzyme was active in all mammalian species studied except pig, although the corresponding mRNA was present. In order to determine whether the very low ThTPase activity in pig tissues is due to the absence of the protein or to a lack of catalytic efficiency, we expressed human and pig ThTPase in E. coli as GST fusion proteins. The purified recombinant pig GST-ThTPase was found to be 2-3 orders of magnitude less active than human GST-ThTPase. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we show that, in particular, the change of Glu85 to lysine is responsible for decreased solubility and catalytic activity of the pig enzyme. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a distribution of the protein in pig brain very similar to the one reported in rodent brain. Thus, our results suggest that a 25-kDa protein homologous to hThTPase but practically devoid of enzyme activity is expressed in pig tissues. This raises the possibility that this protein may play a physiological role other than ThTP hydrolysis.

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    Article: Adenylate kinase-independent thiamine triphosphate accumulation under severe energy stress in Escherichia coli.
    Tiziana Gigliobianco, Bernard Lakaye, Alexander F Makarchikov, Pierre Wins, Lucien Bettendorff
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    ABSTRACT: Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) exists in most organisms and might play a role in cellular stress responses. In E. coli, ThTP is accumulated in response to amino acid starvation but the mechanism of its synthesis is still a matter of controversy. It has been suggested that ThTP is synthesized by an ATP-dependent specific thiamine diphosphate kinase. However, it is also known that vertebrate adenylate kinase 1 catalyzes ThTP synthesis at a very low rate and it has been postulated that this enzyme is responsible for ThTP synthesis in vivo. Here we show that bacterial, as vertebrate adenylate kinases are able to catalyze ThTP synthesis, but at a rate more than 106-fold lower than ATP synthesis. This activity is too low to explain the high rate of ThTP accumulation observed in E. coli during amino acid starvation. Moreover, bacteria from the heat-sensitive CV2 strain accumulate high amounts of ThTP (>50% of total thiamine) at 37 degrees C despite complete inactivation of adenylate kinase and a subsequent drop in cellular ATP. These results clearly demonstrate that adenylate kinase is not responsible for ThTP synthesis in vivo. Furthermore, they show that E. coli accumulate large amounts of ThTP under severe energy stress when ATP levels are very low, an observation not in favor of an ATP-dependent mechanisms for ThTP synthesis.
    BMC Microbiology 02/2008; 8:16. · 3.04 Impact Factor
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    Article: Thiamine status in humans and content of phosphorylated thiamine derivatives in biopsies and cultured cells.
    Marjorie Gangolf, Jan Czerniecki, Marc Radermecker, Olivier Detry, Michelle Nisolle, Caroline Jouan, Didier Martin, Frédéric Chantraine, Bernard Lakaye, Pierre Wins, Thierry Grisar, Lucien Bettendorff
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    ABSTRACT: Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential molecule for all life forms because thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) is an indispensable cofactor for oxidative energy metabolism. The less abundant thiamine monophosphate (ThMP), thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) and adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), present in many organisms, may have still unidentified physiological functions. Diseases linked to thiamine deficiency (polyneuritis, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) remain frequent among alcohol abusers and other risk populations. This is the first comprehensive study on the distribution of thiamine derivatives in human biopsies, body fluids and cell lines. Thiamine derivatives were determined by HPLC. In human tissues, the total thiamine content is lower than in other animal species. ThDP is the major thiamine compound and tissue levels decrease at high age. In semen, ThDP content correlates with the concentration of spermatozoa but not with their motility. The proportion of ThTP is higher in humans than in rodents, probably because of a lower 25-kDa ThTPase activity. The expression and activity of this enzyme seems to correlate with the degree of cell differentiation. ThTP was present in nearly all brain and muscle samples and in ∼60% of other tissue samples, in particular fetal tissue and cultured cells. A low ([ThTP]+[ThMP])/([Thiamine]+[ThMP]) ratio was found in cardiovascular tissues of patients with cardiac insufficiency. AThTP was detected only sporadically in adult tissues but was found more consistently in fetal tissues and cell lines. The high sensitivity of humans to thiamine deficiency is probably linked to low circulating thiamine concentrations and low ThDP tissue contents. ThTP levels are relatively high in many human tissues, as a result of low expression of the 25-kDa ThTPase. Another novel finding is the presence of ThTP and AThTP in poorly differentiated fast-growing cells, suggesting a hitherto unsuspected link between these compounds and cell division or differentiation.
    PLoS ONE 01/2010; 5(10):e13616. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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Keywords

2-3 orders
 
25-kDa protein homologous
 
catalytic efficiency
 
cDNA coding
 
enzyme activity
 
GST fusion proteins
 
hThTPase
 
human GST-ThTPase
 
low ThTPase activity
 
mammalian species
 
physiological role
 
pig brain
 
pig enzyme
 
pig ThTPase
 
pig tissues
 
purified recombinant pig GST-ThTPase
 
rodent brain
 
specific mammalian 25-kDa thiamine triphosphatase
 
Thiamine triphosphate
 
ThTP hydrolysis